Mbiri chithunzi Yaroslava Mudrogo. Akalonga a Kievan Lazaro

Yaroslav Mudry, kalonga wa Russia wakale, lomwe sukulu iliyonse. Pamene wolamulira wamkulu wa boma zambiri, tsopano amakhala mwamtendere masamba a bukhu la mbiriyakale, kutsegula maganizo a achinyamata kuti zinthu zatsopano za ntchito yodabwitsa. A patriot woona, ndi wochenjera nthumwi, wa zachuma odziwa ndi connoisseur woona wa luso - zonse tinganene za kalonga. Mbiri chithunzi Yaroslava Mudrogo mwachidule kufotokoza zosatheka monga nthawi ya ulamuliro wake mowolowa manja tizinthu zabwino ndi zochita zanzeru.

Nkhondo ndi abale ake pa mpando wachifumu

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Prince Vladimir a Lazaro kumanzere zambiri ana olowa. Senior Svyatopolk, anaganiza kuti akhale mtsogoleri wa umodzi, kuti zimenezi zitheke, iye anapha abale ake wamng'ono: Gleb Boris ndi Svyatoslav. Wopulumuka Yaroslav, pamene Kalonga wa Novgorod, kuphunzira za upandu wachibale, anasonkhana kumuwombera, ndipo anapita Kiev. Nkhondo ufumu pakati pa abale anali kwambiri. Svyatopolk, dzina kwa mtima zoipa zake, ndipo kosati chaotayika zambiri anapempha thandizo ku Pechenegs. Magulu anali wosiyana ndi Yaroslav anabwerera. Koma anthu Russian mu tsiku lina, ndipo ndatopa wolamulira obnoxious, kumenyana ndi anathandiza kupambana Novgorodtsev m'bale ndi kutenga mpando wachifumu.

Patapita kanthawi iye analinso kupita kunkhondo ndi Mstislav, amene analamulira mu Tmutarakan. M'bale wina ankafunanso kulengeza anasintha mpando wachifumu bwino kwambiri mwana Vladimir. Koma pano, iye anagonjetsa Yaroslav. Wake kuthandiza anthu olemekezeka ndi anthu wamba wamba. Kuyambira pamenepo, nthawi ya maluwa a Russia wakale. Mbiri chithunzi Yaroslava Mudrogo (c. 988-1054), ndipo lero amalankhula wolimba mtima komanso profundity wolamulira wamkulu uyu.

Chifukwa Mwanzeru?

Nicknames akalonga anapatsa anthu wamba mwa mawu awo kalembedwe wa boma, zizoloŵezi kapena makhalidwe. Mbiri chithunzi Yaroslava Mudrogo bwino momveka bwino kuti munthu iye anali kwenikweni kwambiri, waluntha ndi malingaliro mawunikidwe. Dzina "Wanzeru" anampatsa kwa kulimbikitsa wake pantchito. Iye osati kuwerenga mbiri ndi mabuku, kuti pa nthawi imene ankaona pachimake cha maphunziro, iye anachita zonse kukafalitsa kulemba kwa zigawo zonse za anthu.

oimira atsogoleri achipembedzo, ndi dongosolo lake anayamba kuphunzitsa ana luso la kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Prince anabweretsanso sukulu woyamba anyamata, imene inali ku Novgorod. M'zaka za m'ma XI izo zinali zazikulu kuti zinasintha mmene anthu amaonera moyo. Kugula mabuku lalikulu zedi, kalonga anabweretsa laibulale yaikulu ndi kuupereka kwa St. Sophia Cathedral. Yaroslav Mudry - chitsanzo cha chithunzi mbiri ya wolamulirayo, amene nthawi zonse kuganizira za ubwino wa anthu ake, ndi m'zonse kuti analimbikitsidwa.

Chiyambi yomasulira

Mbiri chithunzi Yaroslava Mudrogo limasonyeza zachilendo katundu wa malingaliro a kalonga, luso lake kukwapula mu sayansi ndi luso. Iye anali woyamba mu Russia amene anaganiza osati kuwerenga ndi kulemba bukhu, komanso kumasulira ntchito analipo a olemba ena ndi anzeru.

Iye akulemekezedwa nzeru za anthu a mitundu ina, makamaka chidwi iye anzeru a ku Girisi. Jaroslav analamula kusamutsa Mfundo awo nthanthi, kotero kuti anthu amene akufuna kuwerenga, gwiritsani ntchito chilankhulo chawo, Asilavo, potero kutukula maphunziro ake mozama. Kutsatira mfundo imeneyi, chizindikiro chiyambi cha chiwonongeko cha asayansi Russian zochokera cholowa cha Byzantium. Ndipo pamene panali funso pa Kusankhidwa kwa Metropolitan watsopano, sanatsutse izo akunja, monga mmene anthu ankachitira kale, ndipo anasankha wake, Hilarion, ku chinthu chimodzi Asilavo m'mudzi Brest. malamulo a mpingo, Nomocanon limatanthauzidwanso mu chinenero, monga anauza Prince. Zabwino, Musaope kusintha - makhalidwe amenewa kuti kwa zaka zambiri amasonyeza mbiri chithunzi Yaroslava Mudrogo. History of Russia sanaidziwe olamulira.

Lamulo loyamba dzanja analembedwa Russia

Inde, ntchito imeneyi zabwino ndi zofunika analinso ndi dzanja Yaroslav Mudry. Iye waima pa chopunthira cha amakezana malamulo Russian chipilala - "hayala" ( "Russian Choonadi" kapena "Court of Yaroslavl"). Ofufuza amakono mu liwu limodzi kulengeza kuti si buku lolembedwa ndi Prince, ndi maganizo osati wake ndi malingaliro, ndi ntchito yakuya kwambiri m'munda wa chilamulo, mndandanda wa malamulo, njira ndi makhalidwe ntchito mu masiku amenewo. Iwo ankanena kuti chilengedwe cha mndandanda wa kazembe athandiza anthu. Koma ngakhale kwathunthu olembedwa, "Nkhani ya Association", chopereka Yaroslav n'kofunika. Popeza, osachepera, ankalimbikitsa iwo, anasonkhana iwo onse pansi pa denga wina, ogwirizana ndi chinthu chimodzi ndi kupita nawo ku mapeto - lofalitsidwa chopereka.

"Hayala" kuchuluka chilango cha kupha anachita kuwotcha dala, kuwonongeka kwa ziweto ndi katundu. Iye anayima alonda pa thanzi ndi moyo wa anthu wamba, anaitana malipiro ndalama zoipa chinaperekedwa ndi kumunyoza Yesu. Yovomereza kumupima, anafuna zigawenga kum'thamangitsa, onani umboni wonama - pa mlingo, koma chitukuko koyamba zigawo izi za dongosolo ano milandu.

The heyday wa Kiev

Yaroslav Mudry (1019-1054 - zaka za ulamuliro wake mu Kiev) akulamulira mokwanira. Pa nthawi imeneyi, ukuyenda boma crouches ndi likulu lakale la Russia - Kiev. Prince ankalimbikitsa chipembedzo. Iye anasangalala pomanga makachisi latsopano ndi mipingo. Mu ulamuliro wake anayamba kumanga amonke woyamba pakati pawo dziko wotchuka Crypt. Lero, ndi lonse Lavra, amene ayambirire kukongola ndi mwanaalirenji. Ndi chilikati cha moyo wachipembedzo ku Kiev.

Jaroslav kwalimbitsanso mzinda kutsinde yaikulu, lisanduke linga weniweni. Pakhomo kum'mwera lazunguliridwa chipata, iwo anali kutchedwa "golide" chifukwa cha domes mpingo. Komanso pakati pa gawo ili la mzinda inamangidwa matauni tchalitchi, lotchedwa Sophia. The nyumba ku likulu lakale la mizinda ya ku Russia adakalipo mpaka nthawi yathu ndi mu chikhalidwe chabwino. Amawala ulemerero ndi mphamvu ya makolo athu. Anthu ambirimbiri apitako chaka chilichonse kubwera kwa Kiev kuyang'ana zodabwitsa munthu.

Ndiyamika kalonga anayamba mwachangu kukhala pantchitoyo. Ambuye ku Russia anasonkhana Kiev kenako ankachitika ndi kuthetsa lonse. Tsopano malo awa akutchedwa Betelehemu. Russian likulu la ukulu inafika pachimake chitukuko ndi kulalikira mitu ngati European monga London ndi Paris.

Kunja mfundo kalonga

Iye anali tiwonjezere malire a Russia. mphamvu zake ndi kuphimba dera la kumadzulo kwa Nyanja Peipsi: m'dziko lino inamangidwa mzinda St. George masiku ano umadziwika la Estonia Tartu. Mtima wofuna kuchita ukulu bwino - ndi credo kuti limatulutsa chithunzi mbiri Yaroslava Mudrogo. mbiri Russian zimasonyeza kuti iye anali wokhoza kuti abwezeretse mphamvu kwa Neman pa Yatvagi. Iye kwathunthu anamanganso ndi moyo osati Kyiv, koma Novgorod, Vladimir-Volyn, Chernihiv.

Yaroslav analimbitsa malire ukulu, anatsogolera kulimbana yogwira ndi wongosamukasamuka. Pamene iwo anafika ku malire a boma lake, anasonkhanitsa kumuwombera ndi bwinobwino anamenyana pa adani awo. Anali kumuopa ndi kumulemekeza. Jaroslav anali kwambiri aulemu ndi munthu waluntha, adalandiridwa m'mayiko otchuka mu Europe: Britain, France, Germany, Norway, Byzantium. Olamulira a amitundu awa kumwa tiyi nawo patebulo ndi ankanena mawu ofanana ndipo ankaona Russia zonse kunachitika, anayamba ndi amphamvu boma wagawo pa nthawi.

zikulumikizana dynastic

Prince Yaroslav Wanzeru zakuya, chithunzi ndale tsopano anafotokoza iliyonse buku la mbiri, iye anasonyeza mmene wapatali kwa mabanja ake, anapangana ndi woimira nyumba yachifumu ya ku Ulaya. Ichinso anasonyeza nzeru laulemerero. Iye anakwatira mwana wa Swedish mfumu Ingigerda kuti kudzabatizidwa ndi Irina.

ana ake anapanga gulu wabwino. Izyaslav anasankha mlongo wa mfumu Polish, Igor - Mfumukazi Germany, Sviatoslav - Austria wolemekezeka, Vsevolod - Greek kalonga wa mtundu Monomakh, chimene chinabadwa wina wotchuka Russian Prince Vladimir Monomakh.

Prince Yaroslav mwana wamkazi akukhala bwino. Anastasia anakwatira Mfumu ya Hungary, Elizabeth - ndi wolamulira Norway, Anna - mfumu French. Monga mukuonera, ubwenzi izi dynastic Chilimbikitsidwabe udindo wa Russia m'bwalolo andale ndi azachuma padziko lonse. Anasonyeza kuti European limati ndi mphamvu ya makolo athu wolemekezeka.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Russian Imperial House

Panthawi imeneyi ofunika, kwambiri, ndinali kugwira Yaroslav. Iye anali wokhoza kuti adzakwatirane mosakanizikana ndi pafupifupi onse a ku Ulaya, ndipo anathandizapo kutukuka wake Wamkulu Duchy. Mbiri chithunzi Yaroslava Mudrogo limasonyeza kuti m'thupimu mfundo yachilendo anamuthandiza pa zochitika m'banja. Choncho, chifukwa ubwenzi yaikulu banja, iye anakhazikitsa malonda, anayamba kumanga mzinda ndipo anapitiriza kulimbitsa malire.

Lamulo dynastic anali ovomerezeka pa mlingo malamulo. Alexander Wodalitsika anali chiyambi cha Russian Imperial House. Malinga ndi chigamulochi, madona banja lachifumu sankaloledwa kulowa mabanja wosiyana. Unakwaniritsa chitukuko ngakhale wamkulu wa ukulu. Pambuyo kulankhulana ndi nyumba yachifumu ya mphamvu zina okha kulimbikitsa udindo wa Russia, monga mabungwe ena anali pang'ono kukhumuditsidwa. Bloodlines anathandizanso kupewa nkhondo, mu nkhani ya adani m'gulu kuchirikiza mwachangu ndi kuthandiza zathu chuma ndi kukhala muzochitika zones za moyo wa ukulu a.

Pomaliza

Mbiri chithunzi Yaroslava Mudrogo limasonyeza kuya wodzala ndi maganizo a kalonga, moyang'ana m'tsogolo wake ndi malingaliro mawunikidwe. Iye anadziwa chimodzimodzi chimene chikufunika pa chitukuko cha mphamvu ndi bwino munakhala dongosolo lake. Uyamiko kwa Iye, Russia wafika pa apogee wa chitukuko. Economy, malonda, zojambulajambula, ndi kumanga ndi pa chimake apamwamba. Boma osati asangalala, izo walengeza yokha pa siteji dziko ndale. Ndi Russ ankaona, izo ndinali kulemekezedwa ulemu.

Nanga anali wolowa a Yaroslav olamulira a Russia wakale? Iwowa ndi ndani? zithunzi zakale amasonyeza kuti m'malo abwino anzeru sanali. Palibe ana ake sanathe mosazengereza kutsatira bambo wake, ichi chitukuko cha Russia zaka zimenezo sanaone kwambiri. kupambana onse Prince pang'onopang'ono chinazilala, mitengo kukula pansi, ndipo kenako kwathunthu mbisoweka. Imene yatsala mdima akale koloko, Nthawi ya Mavuto. Russ zimawoneka iyiwalika tulo lethargic, kuyembekezera latsopano amphamvu ndi nzeru wolamulira.