Chifukwa Moscow Kremlin inamangidwa? Yomanga Moscow Kremlin. Mbiri ya Moscow Kremlin

Moscow Kremlin angatchedwe kukopa waukulu likulu la Russia. Aliyense adzatha kutenga kuti mwamsanga ndipo mosavuta. Pali siteshoni okwerera sitima, pa khomo la zimenezi posachedwa kufika milimo ya Moscow Kremlin. Ine ndikuganiza ife atchule iwo.

Kodi muli ndi kutuluka yapansi panthaka kuti ndi gawo la boma la Russia?

"Alexander Garden" siteshoni

Ndikutuluka ku amasiya ichi, inu adzatengedwa, monga ife mwina anaganiza, wotchuka Alexander Garden. Mukhozanso kuyang'ana Kutafya nsanja, kumene kugulitsa matikiti ndi gawo la boma la Russia ndi amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida. Nearby pali zambiri masitolo kachikumbutso mungapezeko kugula zinthu zazing'ono ndi mphatso losaiwalika kwa abwenzi.

Station "Lenin Library"

Mudzatha kuti amasirira pafupi Kutafya nsanja, umene udzakhazikitsidwe pafupi kwambiri - basi ayenera kupita kutsidya lina.

Station "utasintha Square" ndi "China Town"

Iwo adzatsogolera inu molunjika ku Red Square, monga mwa njira zosiyanasiyana. Pankhani yoyamba yomwe inu munabwera ku Historical Museum, ndipo chachiwiri - kuyambira Pokrovsky Cathedral.

"Okhotny Ryad" siteshoni

Kutuluka pa siteshoni "Okhotny Ryad" mukhoza kuyenda pamodzi malo a malonda otchuka. Only m'pofunika zapatsogolo kukonzekera chakuti mitengo adzakhala ndithu "zachilendo" kwa layman yosavuta ...

Kodi mitengo?

Kodi mtengo munthu kuyembekezera, zopita kukaona boma la Russia Museum? Tikumbukenso yomweyo kuti kusangalala si wotsika mtengo. Kuyenda pamodzi amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida Komiti, amene adzakhala pafupi ora limodzi ndi theka, ndalama pafupifupi 700 rubles. Tinapita ku Fund Daimondi ndalama 500 rubles. Ngati mukufuna kuyenda mozungulira mapu kuona tchalitchi, muyenera kulipira 350 rubles. Popanda ulendo anayendera matchalitchi ndalama 200 rubles. Koma koposa zonse, pali anthu amene ali ndi chidwi chifukwa Moscow Kremlin inamangidwa?

Ilo ndi gawo la kuona?

Pansi pa dzina "Kremlin" amatanthauza osati malinga ndi nsanja, monga iwo akhoza kuganiza za anthu ena, koma zonse ziri mkati izo. Kumbuyo khoma inu mukhoza kuwona mipingo zazikulu, mabwalo otchuka, zinthu zakale ndi nyumba za mafumu. Komanso posachedwapa, m'chilimwe Loweruka pa 12 koloko inu mukhoza kuwona kusintha wapadera wa asilikali olondera a boma la Russia Regiment, lomwe lizidzachita luso asilikali.

Ndipo tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za mbiri ya wotchuka mapulani zovuta likulu ndi kuyankha mafunso okhudza chifukwa Moscow Kremlin inamangidwa.

A pang'ono mbiri yomanga

Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti mawu akuti "Kremlin" ndi akale kwambiri. Zimatanthauza kuti mbali ya mzinda, amene walimba. M'mawu ena, boma la Russia - linga. Mu nthawi yakale iwo anali suona ozizira. Ndiye n'chifukwa Moscow Kremlin inamangidwa? Pali zinthu pamene mzinda pokana kuukira anadabwa asilikali mdani ambiri. Ndi kuchokera nthawi imeneyo ndipo anapita mwambo kusonkhanitsa mwamtheradi onse okhala mumzinda amatetezedwa ndi boma la Russia. Amisinkhu, izo mwamtheradi anthu onse zobisika kuseri kwa zipupa amphamvu ndi mkulu. Amene anali wokhoza usilikali - kumbuyo, kutenga malo pa makoma a nyumba.

Maonekedwe a linga pa phiri

Mbiri ya Moscow Kremlin anayamba kuwerenga za 4000 zapitazo. Zimenezi unakhazikitsidwa zinthu zakale. Anatsogoleredwa ndi makombo a miphika dongo, nkhwangwa mwala ndi mwala arrowheads kuti apezeka ndi iwo. Zonse izi kamodzi ntchito ndi odzafuna malo wakale.

Malo anaganiza kuyamba pomanga Moscow Kremlin, ndisakhale ndi ngozi. Yomanga zinachitika pa phiri mwachilungamo mkulu, kuzungulira dziko loyenda mtsinje - Moscow Mtsinje ndi Neglinnaya. Chifukwa malo ake okwezeka, malo otetezeka anakwanitsa patsogolo ndi kuona mdani patali ndi kukonzekera chitetezo. Komanso, mtsinje amachita ngati chotchinga chachilengedwe m'njira ya asilikali mdani.

Kremlin anali mtengo?

Mbiri ya Moscow Kremlin anayamba kumanga nyumba matabwa. Momuzungulira atsamunda analenga mtengo kuchokera mu nthaka, motero kuwonjezeka kudalirika kwa mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Zotsalira za malinga akale awa anapezeka pa ntchito yomanga, kumene kunachitika kale zinthu pano.

Si kale inali kudziŵika kuti mpanda woyamba zinamangidwa mwamsanga 1156. The kuti ntchito yomanga mpanda wolimba chidapatsidwa mwa Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Kodi tikudziwa bwanji? Wa olembedwa chikhalidwe cholowa - timva wakale. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XIV, anakwera wachifumu Ivan Kalita. dzina anapatsidwa kwa iye kuti chuma chosaneneka umene nthawi zonse zimakhala mu kathumba ka - Kalita.

Prince anaganiza tipitirizebe pomanga Moscow Kremlin, komanso kuyamba zokongoletsa ndi kulimbikitsa makoma kusintha kudalirika kwa mzinda wonsewo. Iye analamula kuti akonze makoma zatsopano. Patapita nthawi linga la inamangidwa pa mtengowo zipika wandiweyani kuti iwo sakanakhoza atakulungidwa manja ake.

Kulimbikitsa ntchito yomanga mwala

Mbiri ya pomanga Moscow Kremlin wodzilemekeza ndi deta latsopano ndi kubera wolamulira lotsatira. Wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy kwathunthu redid makoma. Zinali muulamuliro wake anayamba mwala. Ndi kuzigawo zonse m'tauni anasonkhana mbuye osema miyala. Mu 1367 pa ntchito yomanga mpanda latsopano Kremlin, ntchito inayambika. Antchito ntchito popanda kusweka, ndipo patapita kanthawi pa Borovitsky phiri anaonekera ndi zolimba wamphamvu, kwathunthu mwala. The makulidwe a makoma anafika awiri, ndi m'madera ena ndi mamita atatu. Pomanga laimu pa ntchito, m'zigawo zimene zinachitika pafupi ndi mzindawo. Kremlin zadabwitsa aliyense mwa mpanda wake woyera, ndi kuti Moscow ankatchedwa mwala woyera.

Prince wotchedwa Dmitry linachita ndithu munthu wopanda mantha. Iye yekha kumenyana kutsogolo, ndi kuti anali lotsogoledwa ndi asilikali kumenyana ndi Mongol goli. Mu 1380 asilikali pansi utsogoleri wake nkhondo zingawononge kupambana Kulikovo Field pafupi Don Mtsinje. Izo zinali utatha nkhondo zosaiwalika kalonga n'kuyamba kufuulira Don.

White mwala khoma anali inviolable kwa nthawi yaitali

Kremlin ndi makoma zoyera adayimilira kwa pafupifupi zaka 100. Pa kutalika ino ndi chokwanira, zinthu zambiri zasintha. dziko Russian potsiriza ogwirizana mu mkhalidwe mwachilungamo amphamvu, ndi Moscow anakhala likulu. Zonsezi zinachitika mu ulamuliro wa Prince Ivan III. Popeza anatchedwa Wamkulu. Azambiriyakale anamutcha "wokhometsa a m'mayiko Russian."

Zinali Ivan III aitanidwa amisiri bwino. Komanso, anauza amisiri yabwino ku Italy - Aristotle Fioravanti, Antonio Solari ndi akatswiri ena odziwika bwino ntchito yawo. Motsogozedwa aluso anaitanidwa mbiri ya yatsoka a boma la Russia anayamba kukula ndi zatsopano. Kuti mzindawo unali opanda achitetezo m'nthawi ntchito, boma la Russia anamanga mbali: Choyamba dismantling a malo ena a woyera mwala khoma, ndiyeno malo ake zinamangidwa nyumba yatsopano ya njerwa. Clay, omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito yomanga, kutenga pafupi likulu. Njerwa pamaso atagona zinachitika Kukuwotcha ndondomeko, chifukwa mu idawumitsidwa.

Kwa zaka zambiri, pamene panali ntchitoyo, mbuye Italy watha kuti amaona akunja. maina awo ngakhale remade Russian kalembedwe. Mwachitsanzo, Antonio anakhala Anton Fryazin. Dzina limeneli linaperekedwa kwa iye chifukwa dziko Italy makolo athu otchedwa fryazhskie. Mwachibadwa, mbadwa ya dziko lino ankatchedwa Fryazinov.

Pa ntchito yomanga maofesi atsopano

Kumangidwa kwa Kremlin latsopano watha pafupifupi zaka 10. The linga anali otetezedwa mbali ziwiri ndi mitsinje. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVI ndi gulu lachitatu anali anakumba ngalande mwachilungamo lonse kuti adalumikiza nkhani ya mitundu iwiri pamodzi. Boma la Russia kwathunthu kuteteza kumbali zonse ndi ngozi madzi.

Kodi kudziwa nkhani nsanja ya boma la Russia? nyumba amenewa anamangidwira akutiakuti. Nthawi yomweyo zokuzira ndi diverter strelnitsa kumapangitsanso mphamvu yodzitetezera. Kuwonjezera updating ya linga mbuye yomweyo anamanganso mipingo yotereyi kudziwika monga Blagoveshchenskii, Arkhangel'skii, Akukwera.

Mofulumira yomanga boma la Russia

Pambuyo wachifumu wotanganidwa Romanovs, ntchito yomanga mpanda latsopano la linga anatengana ndi latsopano, zambiri unakula mayendedwe. Mfiti cholinga Filaret belu nsanja pafupi ndi Ivan Wamkulu Bell. Komanso, pali nyumba ya Moscow Kremlin, monga Terem ndi zokhalamo zoseketsa, Matchalitchi wa khumi ndi awiriwo Atumwi ndi khololo Palace. Mu ulamuliro wa Peter ndinali anamanga nkhokwe. Koma pa nthawi imene likulu anali zokakhala ku St. Petersburg, pomanga nyumba yatsopano ndinayima.

Pamene anakwera wachifumu Catherine II, ena nyumba ya Moscow Kremlin anali anagwetsa, komanso ndi mbali ya khoma kum'mwera. Ichi chidachitika kuti athe kumanga nyumba yatsopano. Koma patapita ntchito yomwe msonkhano. Ambiri mwina, chifukwa cha ichi chinali chosowa ndalama. Koma palinso ndi zosavomerezeka Baibulo. Koma pali vuto mtima woipa wa anthu pa ntchito ya mtundu uwu. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1776 mpaka 1787 anali kumangidwa nyumba ya Senate.

Popanda tsankho sizikugwira ntchito

Kufotokozera Moscow Kremlin ali deta negative. kuwonongeka yaikulu dongosolo lonse kwachititsa nkhondo ya Napoleon. Pa nthawi imeneyi, asilikali mdani anabedwa ndi anadetsa mipingo yambiri. Pa khoma nsanja ndi nyumba mthunzi pang'ono kuwonongedwa. Nkhondo itatha anayamba ntchito yobwezeretsa, ndipo mu 1917 mu boma la Russia yamangidwa pa 31 mpingo.

Pa October kuukira boma, boma la Russia wakhala bomba. 1918 zinali zodzaza ndi kulanda boma RSFSR mu nyumba ya Senate. Mu ulamuliro wa mphamvu Soviet mu boma la Russia Palace ya Congresses inamangidwa. Komanso, nsanja inakhazikitsidwa nyenyezi, ndi kuika pa pedestal Tsar Cannon ndi Tsar Bell. M'nyengo imeneyi kukonzanso makoma munthu ndi nyumba yonse ya boma la Russia.

Wamphamvu ndi otchuka chuma cha Russia

Tsopano inu mukumvetsa chifukwa Moscow Kremlin inamangidwa? Kumene, pa nthawi linayamba anazindikira osati pamaso pa cholimbikitsa, koma mfundo yochititsa chidwi kudutsa dziko.

The ndondomeko ya pomanga Moscow Kremlin kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, ndi tinganene kuti nthawi imeneyi panali ndithu zambiri zochitika zofunika. Si onse amene amadza zabwino pa linga la. Komabe, boma la Russia anatha kupirira mavuto. Iye akupitiriza amakopeka padziko lonse ndi ukulu wake. Mphamvu ndi kukongola kwa nyumba imeneyi sangathe anafotokozedwa ndi mawu alionse, ndipo boma la Russia sikunapite pachabe m'gulu Heritage World ndi UNESCO.

mbiri Kremlin ali zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zochitika zofunika kwambiri pa moyo pagulu. Ndi kukula kwa ntchito yomanga mzinda woyamba panali kuwonjezeka, kenako boma lonse. Moyo Kremlin litakhazi- zogwirizana akuluakulu andale ndi zotsika: inali akuluakulu ndi zofunika kwambiri anatengedwa ndi khalidwe wotchuka. Kumangidwa ndi imodzi mwa manda okongola kwambiri chikhalidwe Russian, lomwe ndi mbiri ya mapangidwe ake, anataya kwambiri, koma zambiri adapindulapo. Izi sizinamulepheretse kukhala kukopa weniweni.

M'nkhani ino ife tayesera kufotokoza amene anamanga Moscow Kremlin, ndipo kodi ankaimba ndi kumanga ndi masewero lero mbiri ya boma Russian.