Chifukwa ife otchedwa Chernobyl Chernobyl? Mbiri ya Chernobyl

Mwina lero palibe munthu amene si bwino amodzi mwa malo otchuka mu dziko - Chernobyl. Information za Chernobyl lero angapezeke osati mabuku komanso zinthu zambiri Intaneti. mawu Izi kwenikweni kugwirizana ndi kuphulika pa m'deralo nyukiliya magetsi. Tsoka pa Chernobyl zinachitika pa April 26 1986 chaka, mzinda moyo imeneyi. Nkhani ya kubadwa kwake kwenikweni zambiri wakale.

Kodi dzina la

Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa chifukwa Chernobyl otchedwa Chernobyl. Pamene ndi amene anawapatsa mzinda dzina? Akukhulupirira kuti dzina amagwirizana ndi mugwort, kapena chowawa, bwino kudziwika kwa ife. Chinthu ndi mbewu izi sizachilendo m'midzi, kumene iwo anakhazikitsa mzinda. Chowawa limakula pano kwenikweni minda lonse. Pali Mabaibulo ena chifukwa Chernobyl otchedwa Chernobyl. The ngozi pa nyukiliya magetsi mu 1986 chinali chifukwa cha nthano lachinsinsi ndi nkhambakamwa. Ulosi wakale. "Black woona nkhani" - osakaniza nyengo yachisanu ikupita choopsa ponena za vuto.

The mbiri yakale wa mzindawo

Pamene ndi kumene nthawi yoyamba kutchulidwa dzina "Chernobyl"? Mbiri ya mzinda ikuyamba ndi kutchulidwa mu amafotokoza nkhani, pachibwenzi 1193 chaka. Umayamba kumeneko tsopano ambiri odziwika bwino nkhani ya Chernobyl. Buku ili anali pachibale Kalonga wa Kiev, amene ndinali kusaka mozungulira mudziwo. Kale kutchulidwa kwa mudzi kumeneko.

Ngakhale mzinda wa Chernobyl anali wotchuka chifukwa mwamtendere coexisted oimira zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Panalinso Akatolika, Ayuda ndi Orthodox.

mbiri Zaka ya Chernobyl amasunga munthu zambiri chidwi Ndipotu. Pa Pripyat Mtsinje, mu malo confluence ake ndi Dnieper, m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chitatu United Chilituyaniya ndi Chiyukireniya mphamvu anagonjetsa kazembe wa Batu Khan - Kaidanow. Voivod anapita ku chigawo Pripyat kusonkhanitsa msonkho. Pambuyo kumuukira, Kaidan sadzachitanso anatenga phazi kuchokera kunkhondo. More mu mzinda wa Chernobyl ndi malo ake za msonkho wa sanabwerere.

City pa Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Izi nkhondo chidali yamagazi kwambiri mu mbiri ya anthu. Amadziwika kuti nkhondo wakhala ankanena oposa 60 miliyoni. Akhalamo. Kuwerengetsera chiwerengero cha akuvutika wochititsidwa ndi mbiri yakale lero.

Wathunso chipani Wachiwiri World ndi Chernobyl, imene pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya Nazi anali kale atachuluka mzinda ndi zomangamanga wabwino ndi malingaliro.

Germany ndi changu chachikulu anayesa analanda mzindawo. The mtunda umene Chernobyl, yomwe ili pamwamba pa phiri. Komanso wazunguliridwa ndi mitsinje Pripyat ndipo ndichita chimene zinali kuoneka kuti zithandiza mawu a machenjerero a asilikali chifukwa asilikali mdani. Kuchokera ku tsamba lino sankakwiyakwiya maulendo onse zoyendera kuyambira pansi mpaka mtsinje.

August 25, 1941 mumzinda kunkakhala. Iwo anakwanitsa kulimbana yekha pa kukonzanso zosayembekezereka wa Red Army, 17 November 1943. Lero, kukumbukira zochitika zomvetsa chisoni analenga Ulemerero Park kuti anakhazikitsa pali zizindikiro achikumbutso ndi zipilala za anthu olimba mtima a Chernobyl.

unawonongedwa tsoka

mzinda imatengedwa chinthu pamalo abwino yofunika kwambiri, mphamvu yaikulu anatumizidwa kuti achire. Mu nkhani patsogolo malonda kubwerera amene akhala anasamutsidwa pa chiyambi cha nkhondo, akumanganso nyumba, zinthu tanthauzo okhudzidwa: kindergartens, masukulu, zipatala. mzinda mopupuluma anatumiza kwa asilikali ndi mabanja awo kwa ntchito ndi kukhazikikamo. zaka zingapo zitatha Chernobyl anakhalanso mzinda wotukuka.

NPP Yomanga

Pamene akukonzekera kumanga zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya tinakambirana mbali zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Kiev, Vinnitsa ndi Zhitomir zigawo. Koma mbewu tasankha malowa. Kodi yankho la funso "chifukwa Chernobyl otchedwa Chernobyl"? Komabe ulosi? Koma zonse ndi zambiri prosaic. Chisankho anagwa pa Chernobyl, monga pansi pa malo tsogolo la siteshoni anali pafupifupi wosabereka. Komanso, zili mkulu wa dongo m'nthaka amaloledwa kumanga zikuluzikulu zovuta siteshoni mphamvu za nyukiliya. Mudzi anali ndi zinthu zotiyenereza kuti kotunga madzi, zomwe likukwaniritsa zofunikira za mayendedwe kutonthozana ndi, Chofunika kwambiri, kupereka ukhondo chitetezo nthambi.

May 1970 - yomanga odzitukumula anayamba. zida yomanga inayamba kukumba maziko dzenje tsogolo la unit choyamba, pomanga umene unakwaniritsidwa mu 1977. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye analimbikitsa kuti athawe. Ndiye, pakati pa 1978 ndi 1983, akhala atamaliza achita m'Mphamvu midadada otsala, kuphatikizapo wathuwu chachinayi mphamvu unit.

Mwa njira, osanenapo kuti mu 1970 chomwecho anthu a chipani anathamangitsidwa msomali pa malo okwerera tsogolo la pa Kanema, ndi mzinda wa Pripyat. Komanso, kumanga mzindawu ikuchitika zikufanana ndi ntchito pa siteshoni.

A tsiku lililonse

Chernobyl, 26 April 1986. Kwa anthu, icho chinali chabe tsiku wamba. Madzulo, pamene NPP akuchoka lotsatira ntchito kosangalatsa ndipo nkubwera wina, siteshoni ali wabwinobwino mode opaleshoni.

ndodo atavala maovololo, ndipo anatenga malo awo pa akulamulira. Pa tsiku ili, pa chachinayi mphamvu wagawo zomwe zichitike riyakitala chopangira mphamvu kuyesedwa "coasting". Mfundo yofunika anali kuyesa, kwa nthawi yaitali kuchokera dzidzidzi kapena mavuto ngati siteshoni adzatha kuthimitsa magetsi kukhalabe ntchito zawo chifukwa kasinthasintha yotsalira ya jenereta chopangira mphamvu. mayesero ankaonetsetsa siteshoni mkulu injiniya AS Woodpeckers.

Kuphulika pa Chernobyl

Mwamsanga pamene nthawi ifika, ndi kukonzekera zonse zofunika kuti zikadzachitika, mayeso anayamba. Kenaka anayamba kulankhula zimene zinachitika kuti ngoziyo chowopsya. Pazifukwa zosadziwika, riyakitala mphamvu anali pansi kutentha otsika kwambiri - megawatts 500, pamene lamulo zotchulidwa mu ubongo chiyesedwe ku megawatts 700 mpaka 1000. Kulakwitsa yachiwiri kusiya pang'ono kwambiri graphite ndodo, amene ntchito kulamulira anachita. Pa nthawi ya Mabomba pakati panali mabuku anayi okha, kenako zinachititsa kuti kutenthedwa wa riyakitala ndi kuphulika ake. kufufuza wotsatira zaka zingapo wakhazikitsa kapangidwe zosayenera ndodo absorber.

Iwo anati mfundo zingapo, zimene zonse pamodzi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa chakuti panali ngozi mu Chernobyl. anthu ambiri tsopano amanena kuti izi kuphulika kwa atomiki, koma si choncho. Kuphulika anali kutentha, ndi mphamvu kwambiri kuti riyakitala chitetezo (vesivshaya mmene 500 matani), ngati chivundikiro cha ketulo, ndi anatera mpweya anagwa kumbuyo.

Kuphulika pa Chernobyl anali chabe chachikulu lonse. Mantha, boma yaitali chinabisidwa miyeso woona wa ngozi. Pakumala, pamene iwo anayamba kulandira mauthenga ochokera m'mayiko ena za kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu cheza maziko, utsogoleri Soviet anali kuvomereza mfundo yakuti panali ngoziyo waukulu ku Chernobyl, wofanana amene anali asanakwere dziko.

The liquidators wa ngozi Chernobyl

Ndi kuphulika yomweyo anapha antchito 2 Chernobyl, wina kapitawo 31 anafa mkati mwa masabata matenda poizoniyu. Antchito onse amene anali pa nthawi ya ngozi pa siteshoni, anthu 6 okha anapulumuka.

Pomwepo powonekera kuphulika anafika ozimitsa moto, amene anasonyeza ungwazi weniweni, wolimba mtima ndi kulimba mtima. Akudziŵa ngozi za imfa, iwo anaima pa khoma la losonyeza nyukiliya moto ndipo chimatha moto, ngakhale amayaka ndi angapo ndipo boma akuchuluka thanzi. Ndipotu, kukhala zishango anthu m'njira cheza chakupha. Six firefighters tushivshih lawi nyukiliya, anafa amayaka ndipo cheza pachimake matenda mkati mwa masabata angapo pambuyo ngozi.

Oyendetsa wa Helicopters kwa mpweya m'ng'anjo zinyalala mchenga ndi boron carbide, kuzimitsa a zotsala za riyakitala ndi sapereka kuti amaphulika kachiwiri.

Asayansi, pozindikira zambiri chiopsezo ali, ikuchitika chiphasochi zofunika ndi miyezo mwachindunji mu chimoto nyukiliya kuti liquidators ali deta yolondola chifukwa cha khalidwe la bwino decontamination.

Pamene bwererani fonyaschih zidutswa maloboti ntchito pakati, ali wambirimbiri cheza unachita kutentha tchipisi onse. Ndiyeno ine ndinali kugwira ntchito asilikali amene anaponya zinyalala mu kugwa pakati, ntchito spades wamba.

Madokotala, apolisi, asilikali, ogwira ntchito, anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi, madalaivala, ofufuza - ndi liquidation okwana panafika anthu oposa 600 zikwi kwa zaka zingapo. Tsoka ku Chernobyl, kupatulapo antchito onse, kwachititsa oposa miliyoni ongodzipereka omwe anathandiza ntchito pofuna kuthana ndi zotsatira zoipa za ngozi. Anthu chitakonzedwa nkhalango ndi mitengo kuonongeka unatenthedwa, mwazisiya mabomba m'dziko nyukiliya, madzi madera ozungulira kuti kuchepetsa mlingo poizoni anathandiza ndi gulu la, thandizo.

pambuyo ngozi,

magwero Official adakhala chete za lonse woona wa Chernobyl tsoka ndi ochuluka zotsatira weniweni. Tsiku lotsatira, mzinda moyo wake mwachizolowezi. Dyetsani m'tauni anathamangira ku msika, ophunzira ku sukulu, munthu anapita patchuthi mu nkhalango kapena pa mtsinje, ambiri kumanzere kwa dachas. A podyera, masitolo, cinemas, Ukwati Palace. ngozi, ndithudi, sanathe amaona nzika wamba, koma ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri kumvetsa lonse woona ndi ayesedwa ndi zotheka aakulu zotsatira za kuphulika lapansi. Anthu amene anazindikira nthawi yomweyo ndi banja lake anachoka mu mzindawu. Anthu ambiri amaona nkhawa kokha pamene mzindawo unakhala kupita ndi kuthirira msewu ndi madzi kuchepetsa cheza maziko.

Only tsiku lotsatira analengeza kuti m'pofunika kwambiri kuti achoke mu mzindawo kachilombo. Ndiye, kapena, ambiri kamodzi ganizo, chifukwa Chernobyl ... Chernobyl dzina lake anthu oposa 500 zikwi za mzinda ankatengedwa pa mabasi 1000. USSR sanakumbukire ngakhale achoke zoopsa izi.

m'tawuni Pripyat ndi anthu pafupifupi 70 chikwi. Man anathawira mu nkhani maola. Mu yomweyi, panali gulu la m'midzi, ena chomwe pambuyo zinawonongedwa, ndipo mitembo yawo m'manda, osati kufalitsa cheza. Poyamba, pofuna kupewa mantha, kuwauza anthu kuti iwo kusiya nthawi, ngakhale asayansi ndi asilikali anazindikira kuti kunoko sanabwezere.

zone kupatulana

Autumn, Chernobyl mu 1986. Pambuyo zinyalala ndi linamasuka, ndi madera ozungulira wakhala kupopera mankhwala ngati kuli kotheka, ntchito yomanga chinthu "Mthunzi", amadziwika ngati "sarcophagus". Ndi izo kenako anakwanitsa kutseka zowopsa mawu cheza riyakitala №4 zinyalala. Ntchito kulimbikitsa maofesi mwadzidzidzi ndi ntchito decontamination akutsatiridwa lero.

Pa gawo la Chernobyl asayansi amabwera kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko kuphunzira zotsatira za Mlingo yovuta cheza pa zamoyo, kukhala njira kuthetsa mavuto a bomba la nyukiliya.

Mozungulira siteshoni, anapanga zone wapadera kuti aliyense lero chikudziwika ngati zone kupatulana. Okwana iwo unagawidwa patatu: choyamba - siteshoni mwachindunji mzinda wa Pripyat, wachiwiri analanda ambiri a m'midzi, ndi mphete wotsiriza unachitikira mumzinda wa Chernobyl m'deralo.

The mavuto aakulu ya Chernobyl kuphulika

Anavutika ndi ophunzira onse liquidation wa ngozi Chernobyl. Makumi a zikwi za anthu mu nthawi anamwalira ku Mlingo kwambiri cheza, ambiri olumala. Mu zaka wotsatira, ziwerengero taonera zikuchepa kuchuluka imfa khansa, kufooka ambiri a thanzi lawo. Izi mlingo mkulu imfa chifukwa, choyamba, mochedwa achoke kwa anthu, chosasamala chigawenga ndi connivance ya akuluakulu, ndi kufuna chete ndi akubisa choonadi.

Lero, Chernobyl - chinthu zokopa alendo kwambiri

Kodi moyo lero Chernobyl? Photos kutsimikizira kuti - moyo ndipo kumalo kopanda anthu. Inde, nyumba anasiya panopa anthu anthu ntchito mu zone kupatulana. Apa ndi maofesi a Moe.

ntchito bungwe "Chernobyl - Ulendo" alendo kwambiri. Pano mukhoza buku tsiku kapena masiku ochepa ulendo woyendera nthambi kupatulana. Komanso pamalowa mungathe kutenga kabuku kakuti "Chernobyl. Mbiri ya mzinda "omwe mwachidule akulongosola akale ndi amakono a kukagawira.

Anthu akhoza kuona maso awo pamalo zaka zambiri zapitazo, anathyola mmodzi wa onsewa lalikulu la zaka mazana makumi awiri, osati mbiri lonse la Russia. Pali waikidwa ndi chosema odzipereka amunamuna anamenyana ndi lawi mu ozimitsa moto riyakitala. Mumzinda umagwira St. Elias Mpingo, kumene chaka chilichonse pa April 26 ku utumiki zikuluzikulu mu chikumbukiro cha anthu onse za ngozi Chernobyl.

Alendo akhoza ulendo Chernobyl lonse, zithunzi saloledwa kuchita popanda malamulo. Munthu uyu ulendo - basi wosangalala chidwi, munthu - msonkho kwa ngwazi wagwa ndipo umboni wa mmene zoopsa kungakhale "mtendere" atomu.