Stalinization - ndondomeko de A-Stalinization ...

Stalinization - ndiyo njira ya kuwonongedwa kwa dongosolo maganizo ndi ndale womwe unakhazikitsidwa mu ulamuliro wa I. V. Stalina, kuphatikizapo akuluakulu a umunthu lalikulu ntsogoleri. Mawu amenewa ntchito mabuku Western kuyambira 1960. M'nkhani lero tiona njira ya de A-Stalinization (monga pathupi ndi kuyendetsedwa ndi Khrushchev), komanso zotsatira zake. Pomaliza, tikambirana wozungulira watsopano wa mfundo imeneyi mu Ukraine ndi Russia.

Chiyambi cha de A-Stalinization

Kutsutsana pa nkhani imeneyi sikuti chimatha mpaka tsopano. Anthu ena kuti debunking wa umunthu Stalin iyenera anapitiriza, pamene ena - otchedwa kulakwitsa mfundo Khrushchev. Zonsezi zinayamba mu 1953. Mtsogoleri wankhanza anamwalira, ndipo ndi izo dongosolo lakale. Mphamvu msanga anabwera lakuthwa Malingana Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev. Iye analibe maphunziro, koma kwathunthu kuchepetsa ndi kudzimva zodabwitsa ndale. Iye anayamba ndi udindo wotsikitsitsa mu chipani ndi mosavuta anaoneratu mumaganiza latsopano. Mu 1956, pa XX Congress wa CPSU, anaganiza debunk kulambira akhungu a umunthu Stalin. Malinga M. Gefter mbiri, kukana boma analipo ngakhale asanamwalire mtsogoleri. Kukhulupirira clairvoyance Stalin akhala kuonongedwa ndi kugonjetsedwa waukulu Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Nthawi yoyamba umunthu mpatuko anali kugwirizana ndi Beria. Koma pang'onopang'ono anayamba boma de A-Stalinization anthu.

"Chinsinsi lipoti" Khrushchev

XX Congress wa CPSU mu 1436 anasonkhana nthumwi. Iye ankatchedwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu pamaso tsiku lomalizira chifukwa cha pakufunika kuti abwereze mitengo pambuyo pa imfa ya Stalin. Ndipo zinatha otchedwa "chinsinsi lipoti" Khrushchev. Kutsindika kunapatsidwa kwa zimene timaphunzira mwa Commission Pospelov za kupondereza. Malinga Khrushchev, 70% kwa ofuna Committee ku Central osankhidwa pa XVII Congress, anali wolemera. Komabe, Khrushchev analimbikira kuti de A-Stalinization - uwu si chiwonongeko cha maziko a chimangidwe zokomera ndi kuwonongedwa kwa gulu la mpatuko zoipa. Zopangapanga, collectivization ndi nkhondo amphamvu ndi mphamvu otsutsa anali anaona zikuluzikulu zofunika mu chitukuko cha Soviet Union boma amphamvu. Chitsutsocho mlandu payekha payekha Stalin ndi ankatumikira wake. Khrushchev sanamuzindikire kuti chiyambi cha mavuto ayi mu umunthu wa mtsogoleri, koma mu dongosolo yokha.

Zotsatira kwa dziko

"Chinsinsi lipoti" Khrushchev sanali lofalitsidwa ndipo kuwerenga okha pa misonkhano ya ogwira ntchito chipani ndi ndemanga yoyenera. Stalin sanamuzindikire zoipa mtheradi. Mu ulamuliro wake, "sanasinthe chikhalidwe cha" sosholisimu weniweni. Society akadali ikuyenda pa njira yoyenera, kapena kuti chikominisi. Zochitika zoipa analengeza zikomo surmounted khama la atsogoleri Communist Party. Kotero icho chinali pafupifupi kuchotsedwa pa udindo wa mbali Stalin. Iwo akhalabe ali ndi makiyi. Ambiri, "chinsinsi lipoti" Khrushchev:

• Iye wasintha kuwerenga maganizo a anthu Soviet;
• anagawa dziko chikominisi gulu;
• anali umboni wa kufooka kwa USSR ku West.

Stalinization: zapakati pa 1953 mpaka 1964god

M'dziko maganizo osiyana ndi malamulo atsopano. Iwo anayamba kusiyana kwakukulu pakati Soviet Union ndi West. Tiyeni tiyambe kuyambira pachiyambi. Mu 1953, Stalin atamwalira. Pa chaka chamawa dzina lake ndi fano nthawi zonse zafotokozedwa pa zokamba za utsogoleri wa MCP. Pambuyo "lipoti chinsinsi" anayamba ndondomeko yovomerezeka ya de A-Stalinization. Komabe, m'dziko panali lonse osiyanasiyana malingaliro osiyana ya Mlembi-General kale. Kunyozetsa umunthu Stalin monga chizindikiro cha nthawi imeneyo spawned nkhondo kudzipha. Ambiri samazindikira chifukwa chake Khrushchev anayamba maganizo awo za chizunzo pokhapokha imfa ya mtsogoleri wamkulu. Mu gawo loyamba la de A-Stalinization - kwenikweni kulekana kwa dongosolo kulamulira. Kasamalidwe Republican kunapatsidwa kwa mabungwe ang'onoang'ono oposa 10 zikwi. Malinga ndi Chilamulo cha 1957 analenga kuposa zaka za m'madera chuma ndi matupi gulu kasamalidwe - mabungwe a zachuma. Siyana mfundo zolimbikitsa anali Kuwonjezereka njira m'deralo. Wachisoni - kuchepetsa patsogolo sayansi. Dongosolo Soviet atasiya ndi kuganizira ndalama zachitukuko. siyana peaked mu 1961.

XXII Congress wa CPSU

Usiku, October 31, 1961 Red Square anali cordoned kutali. Anthu analengeza kuti msonkhano rehearsal kwa perete pa November 7. Koma kwenikweni, litsatira chigamulo cha XXII Congress Party wa Communist la Soviet Union. Ndicho, kunali koyenera kuti Stalin ku mausoleum lapansi. Aliyense ankadziwa kuti zimenezi zingachititse kuti zipolowe. Kwa ambiri a De-Stalinization - izi ndi monga mwambo. Pakati pa chosakhutitsidwa zinkatiyendera a asilikali. m'deralo anayamba amangosankha kudula zipilala la mtsogoleri wamkulu. Anthu adaseleula motere naye kuti Khrushchev amamasula malo mu Mausoleum pafupi Lenin okha. Mu 1961, midzi ambiri anadzatchedwa.

mu Ukraine

Stalinization - mfundo imene zinakhudza zikuchitika ku SSR Chiyukireniya. Nthawi imeneyi, kunali anasiya ntchito yochotsa mawu mtundu ali mochedwa ndondomeko Russification ndi kuchuluka udindo wa chinthu Chiyukireniya muzochitika zonse. Ku malo mlembi woyamba wa Communist Party Committee chapakati osankhidwa Kirichenko. Kagwiridwe ka maudindo anayamba mizu Ukrainians. Mu 1954 USSR kunditumiza ku Crimea. ganizo limeneli ankawalangiza chifukwa Kupititsa moyandikana ndi dera bizinesi. Vuto linali zikuchokera mtundu wa anthu. Ukrainians nkhani% 13.7 yekha. Mphindi zabwino de A-Stalinization ndondomeko anali patsogolo ufulu wa mayiko Union. Komabe, m'njira zambiri wabweretsa kutsutsana kwakukulu pakati pa anthu.