Henry G. Yagoda, mutu wa NKVD: yonena

Genrikh Yagoda anali Commissar of Affairs Internal wa USSR mu 1934-1936 gg. Iye anakhala mmodzi wa "woyamba makolo" wa Gulag wa Stalin, ndi kulinganiza ya misa repressions nyengo. Pa Mantha Wamkulu, anali mmodzi mwa anthu akuvutika chifukwa cha NKVD. Berry mlandu kazitape ndipo akufuna kulanda boma ndipo kenako anawomberedwa.

zaka zoyambirira

Genrikh Yagoda anachokera Polish Ayuda. dzina lake lenileni - Enoch Gershevich Yehuda. Chosintha anabadwa November 19, 1891 mu Rybinsk - mzinda ili kuchigawo Yaroslavl. Monga miyezi ingapo atabadwa mwana makolo ake anasamukira ku Nizhny Novgorod.

Henry G. Berry anali pachibale Bolshevik wina odziwika bwino - Yakov Sverdlov amabwera kwa msuweni wake wachiwiri. makolo awo ntchito makinawo ndi masitampu mbuye ndi zisindikizo kuti boma ntchito pa chinyengo. Heinrich anali ndi alongo asanu ndi abale awiri. banja lake ankakhala mu umphawi. Komabe, mnyamata (pambuyo kusuntha kwina) maphunziro Simbirsk zolimbitsa thupi.

The zipatso yosindikiza - Bolsheviks Sverdlov osiyana kwambiri likungosonyeza. Mwachitsanzo, lowani Nikolay Semashko - Lenin Mtsogolo Commissar thanzi. Nizhny Novgorod analinso malo Maksima Gorkogo (iwo anakhala mabwenzi Henry madzulo a zisinthe).

"Kadzidzi"

Mwambo kiyi Kenako ukasintha anasintha moyo wa mnyamata, anali kupha wa mchimwene wake Michael. Mwanjira imeneyi, Henry G. Berry anali ofanana Lenin. Michael anadula Cossacks pa 1905 zisinthe. Tsoka chisoni ankamuyembekezera m'bale wina, Leo. Iye ali kuitana m'khamu la Kolchak, ndipo mu 1919 anaphedwa chifukwa chakubwera mu chiwembu mu Regiment wake. Koma imfa ya Michael, chinachitika kukhala pa okwatiranawo zopangidwa Henry chosintha.

Kukula, Berry monga anarchist-chikominisi anagwirapo ntchito mu zinthu zophwanya malamulo chosintha. gendarmes Royal anamutcha iye "Sychom" ndi "Lonely" (ndi ankabwerera ndi unsociable amtundu).

Mu 1911, kunachitika anafika ku Moscow. Pa malangizo a comrades iye anali kukhazikitsa kulankhula ndi anthu a m'deralo monga okonda kuthandiza gulu la kuba banki. Opusa mu chiwembucho, Commissar Anthu a tsogolo la Affairs Internal wa USSR, anagwa m'manja wa apolisi. M'lingaliro, anali mwayi. Ndikuona mnyamata anapeza zikalata yekha onyenga. Monga Myuda, iye anali popanda chilolezo Moscow, anaswa lamulo la wofooka wa Kwawokhawokha. Berry ankayesa ndi m'ndende kwa zaka ziwiri za ukapolo ku Simbirsk.

Mu St. Petersburg

Mu 1913, chachikulu Amnesty ndale analengeza mu ulemu wa chikumbutso 300th wa Romanov mafumu mu Russia. Zikomo kwa iye, pang'ono patsogolo Berry anakapezeka pa ufulu. Lumikizani Simbirsk inatha ndi chosintha mwalamulo anasamukira ku St. Petersburg. Akuchita zimenezi yokhala amasiya Chiyuda ndipo anayamba Orthodoxy (wofooka wa Kwawokhawokha ntchito ndi wongodzinenera osati maziko fuko).

Henry G. Berry ndi chipembedzo chochita. Komabe, malinga ndi lamulo iye anali wopanda ufulu kukhala osakhulupirira Mulungu ndi yekhayo anapita ku chifuwa cha Mpingo Orthodox.

Mu St. Petersburg, Berry anakumana Nikolai Podvoisky, pambuyo zisinthe, anakhala commissar woyamba anthu a asilikali. Ndiyamika chithandizo ake chosintha anayamba kugwira ntchito mu dipatimenti inshuwalansi pa fakitale Putilov. Podvoisky analinso m'bale KGB Arbuzov ndi mkungudza: anatsegula protégé wake, zonse zatsopano dziko la mwayi.

Mu 1915, Henry G. Berry anam'tenga kuti akhale m'gulu la asilikali lachifumu, kenako anapita kutsogolo kwa First World nkhondo. Iye anawuka kwa Mulingo wa logwirika, koma anavulazidwa ndipo posakhalitsa akatulutsidwa. Mu 1916, Henry anabwerera Petrograd.

Kuukira ndi Cheka

Pambuyo pa February utasintha Berry ntchito mu nyuzipepala "Rural osauka" ndipo "Msilikali owona." M'chaka cha 1917, iye limodzi Bolshevik Party. Kenako iye adzagona, amene anagwirizana nawo kumbuyo mu 1907, koma uyu anali limatsutsa maphunziro a mbiri yakale zopeka.

Pa nthawi ya zochitika October Berry anali mu pakatikati pa zinthu Petrograd. Mu 1918, iye anayamba ntchito yake mu Cheka-OGPU. Choyamba, kapitawo wa chitetezo ntchito mu anayendera asilikali. Ndiye wachibale Sverdlov ndi Dzerzhinsky anasamutsa iye Moscow.

Choncho Henry G. Berry anali mu Gawo Special. Iye anali kwambiri ndi Vyacheslav Menzhinsky. Pamene iye anafa, Dzerzhinsky, yotsirizira lotsogoleredwa ndi Cheka-OGPU, Yagoda ndipo anakhala wachiwiri wake. Komanso, ndi isanayambike matenda aakulu climber mwayi chitani ndi kasamalidwe enieni a mabungwe yazamalamulo.

zasungidwa zokayikitsa

Ngakhale 1919-1920. Berry wagwira ntchito mu Commissariat Malonda okhonda. Apo iye anakhazikitsa mgwirizano yopindulitsa ndi apolisi Aleksandrom Mumafuna ndipo anayamba kupeza ntchito kuchokera zokambirana yachilendo. amuna awiri anachotsa zonse adagona kuti zoipa. Zinali chakuti Commissariat of Trade okhonda kuyambira maziko ake ndi yogwirizana ndi Cheka. Akuluakulu chitetezo anthu inalandidwa zamtengo wapatali, ndi bungwe akugulitsa Lurie a mtundu kunja kwa ndalama zovuta.

Henry G. Yagoda, amene yonena akuyankhula za izo monga kwambiri adyera ndi adyera munthu, lingaliro limeneli, anali ndinasintha wosiyana mfundo Dzerzhinsky ndi Menzhinsky. Corruption Chekist ankakonda Stalin. Pamene kumayambiriro kwa 20-30-ntchentche. anamenyera mphamvu yekha, iye anasankha thandizo la zipatso. Palibe mmodzi kapena ena anataya. Berry nachiyika pa munthu kenako anakhala wolamulira, ndi Stalin ankadziwa zokhudza zipatso achinyengo mbiri tsopano atha akuyendeni pansi, napempha kukhulupirika.

Chief ndi Commissar

Ngakhale kudzipereka kwa mtsogoleri wamng'ono Soviet, ubale wawo sangathe adzatchedwa abwino. Mu 1920s mochedwa, Stalin anali zambiri ozizira kwambiri Berry, mogwirizana zothandizira mipingo yawo kuti Yakov Sverdlov, ndi pakati Sverdlov ndi Stalin ngakhale kwa akunja kuyambira nthawi ya turukhanskoy Buku ndinamverera mavuto noticeable. Paper kwa mkulu chitetezo usilikali mosamala, ngati mantha.

A vuto lalikulu kwa zipatso pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa olamulira ankhanza Stalinist anali ubwenzi wake wakale pamodzi Bukharin. Iye nkomwe mutu wa GPU monga msilikali chitetezo wosakwatiwa, yembekezerani mu nkhondo yolimbana ndi Stalin. Pa nthawi yomweyo ikupita Berry nkhani kuphedwa kwa madongosolo khama ndi khalidwe okonzeka kuchita wakupha aliyense upandu. Stalin anapeza inanso amphamvu ndi wamkulu munthu NKVD zaka zochepa. Kunapezeka kuti Nikolai Yezhov. Koma mu mmasate oyambirira Stalin kwenikweni zowawa Berry ndipo amanga ntchito naye.

Commissar anthu a Affairs Internal

Berry analibe erudition Menzhinsky ndi zotentheka Dzerzhinsky. Iye kamodzi modzichepetsa kuti iye ndi "munthu watchdog pa unyolo." Mu mabwenzi pa nsembe wolemera anakonda ineptly amaloweza ndakatulo, koma analibe ndalama kulenga. zilembo Private zipatso tinali titanyoŵeratu expressionless ndi dryness. Mu likulu, iye anali womangika ndipo nthawi zonse amasirira atsogoleri akuzigawo chipani mu opukutidwa ndi omasuka. Koma ali mawu enieni munthu wotereyo kwa kanthawi Stalin kuika kuyang'anira apolisi m'dziko lonselo.

Mu 1934, Commissariat Anthu latsopano la NKVD ndi Commissar of Affairs Internal wa USSR Berry adapindulapo kulamulira waukulu State Security analengedwa. Iye anatsogolera zambiri atachuluka kuonetsa boma makina kuti Stalin ankakonza ntchito yatsopano adani a Ulamuliro wake.

Mu mphamvu yake yatsopano Berry chinkhoswe mu chilengedwe ndi gulu la ntchito za Gulag. Soviet Union kwa nyengo yaifupi yokutidwa paziyangoyango za m'misasa, amene akhala mbali yofunika kwambiri ya dongosolo Stalinist zachuma ndi imodzi mwa injini ya inapita mafakitale. Mu utsogoleri mwachindunji Commissar la Anthu anachita zazikulu Gulag nyumba ya nthawi imeneyo - pomanga White Nyanja Baltic Ngalande. Pofuna kukonza ndi view maganizo a zikuchitika Berry anakonza ulendo Maksima Gorkogo. Mwa njira, Commissar of wolemba chinathandiza kubwerera ku Soviet Union (pamaso anakhala pa chilumba ku Italy Capri kwa zaka zingapo).

Zipatso pa ubwenzi ndi wolemba msonkhano malekezero. Monga mutu wa apolisi ndale, iye anatsatira kukhulupirika luntha kulenga mphamvu. Komanso, mkazi wake anali Ida Berry L. Auerbach. mchimwene wake Leopold anali mmodzi mwa kulengeza za otsutsa ndi olemba nthawi yake. Pa Ida ndi Henry anali ndi mwana mmodzi - komanso Henry (kapena Garik, ngati icho chinali kutchedwa m'banja). mnyamata anabadwa mu 1929. Commissar anthu anakonda kampani ya olemba, oimba ndi ojambula zithunzi. Adamwa mizimu yabwino, ndipo anayankhula ndi akazi okongola, ndiye panali njira ya moyo, za amene analota wa asilikali a chitetezo.

Panali pa zipatso ndi zolephera akatswiri. Mwachitsanzo, iye ndiye analola mkulu wakale wa tsarist apolisi Lopuchin kupita ku France. Iye anakhala defector. Mu 20-30th kukula stably chiwerengero cha defectors. Stalin pafupifupi mlandu infuriating. Iye anadzudzula zipatso chosasamala, ngakhale amathawathawa analibe nzeru zapadera ndipo anali laluntha wamba.

njira za kuopsa

Mu 1935, Berry analandira dzina latsopano, kuti pamaso palibe amene n'kukagwiritsa. Tsopano iye linkatchedwa "General Commissioner wa Security Public." Chinali mwayi wokwanira cikhali wa mtima wa Stalin.

Soviet mtsogoleri monga nthawi kuthandizidwa ndi devotee mutu wa NKVD. Mu 1936 Moscow ndinkakhala nalo ndondomeko loyamba. Pamenepo woweruza amasonyeza mayesero Stalin lakale anzake mu chipani Bolshevik wa Zinoviev ndi Kamenev.

Pansi atolankhani a kupondereza kugunda ndi boma ena, amene pa nthawi ina ntchito mwachindunji ndi Lenin ndipo sanali ikukhudzana bwanji ndi wozunza awo monga ulamuliro angatsutse. Mmodzi wa anthu amenewa anali Mikhail Tomsky. Iye sanayembekezere bwalo ndi kudzipha. N'kulemba walangizidwa Stalin, iye anatchula Berry m'lingaliro kuti Iye anali m'gulu lampatuko otsutsa, pa nthawi imene ndi ziwawa. Commissar anthu anali pangozi.

mmangeni

Mu kugwa kwa 1936, Berry ndinapatsidwa ntchito yatsopano ndipo anali mtsogoleri wa Commissariat of Kulumikizana. Nkhonyayo komaliza pa izo kulephereka. Opal wakhala wautali mozunzika kudikira. Ngakhale kunja yogwilitsidwa malo Commissar Anthu a Affairs Internal ndipo anasankha kuti positi wina ankawoneka ngati ndipo yanthaŵi cha ntchito yabwino, izo si Berry sanakhoze kumvetsa chimene chinali kudza. Komabe, iye sanayese n'komwe amakana ndi Stalin anavomera ntchito watsopano.

Commissariat of Kulumikizana manyazi KGB kapitawo anakhala pang'ono. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1937 kuti wataya, ndipo positi. Komanso, hapless Commissar kukusalani ku malo a CPSU (b). Pa February Plenum m'Komiti ya Central, iye anali atadzudzulidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kulephera kwa dipatimenti wake.

March 28, Berry anamangidwa ndi atumiki ake posachedwapa. Kuukira boma dzulo akumanidwa zinthu zakuthambo anatsogolera Commissar Chatsopano Anthu a NKVD Nikolay Ezhov. Awiriwa, ngakhale chidani chake, anayamba mbiri ya munthu angapo a kanjedza. Kuti Yezhov ndi Yagoda anali perpetrators lenileni la zikuluzikulu Stalinist kupondereza a 1930s lapansi.

Pa kufufuza za anabalalitsa Commissar kugwirizana anapeza ngoletsedwa Trotskyist mabuku. Posachedwa kenako Mlandu akazitape, akufuna kuphedwa kwa Stalin akukonza chiwembu. Kufufuza wakhala zogwirizana Berry ndi Trotsky, Bukharin ndi Rykov - anthu okha amene ankavutitsidwa posachedwapa mwachangu ankalimbikitsa. chiwembu akhala ngati "Trotskyist-lopondereza 'anafotokoza. Ndi milandu anasonkhana pamodzi ndi anzake osatha zipatso - .. Yakobo Agranov Semyon Firin, Leonid Zakovsky Stanislav Redens Fedor Eyhmans, etc. Onse yodziwika ndi mlandu ngati munthu osayenera ndi zochepa, kutsutsana ophunzira ndi mfundo za Menzhinsky.

Mkazi zipatso Nayenso anazunzidwa kupondereza. Chinthu choyamba iye anachotsedwa ntchito mu ofesi wozenga mlandu, ndiyeno akumuganizira kuti mdani wa anthu a m'banja. Auerbach kupita pamodzi ndi mwana wake ndi amake zinatumizidwa kuti Orenburg. Posakhalitsa mayi anawomberedwa.

Komanso, Berry mlandu ndi kuphedwa Maksima Peshkova - mwana wake Maksima Gorkogo (zoona anamwalira ndi chibayo). Ananena kuphedwa zinachitika chifukwa zifukwa munthu. Berry anali kwenikweni mu chikondi ndi Hope Peshkov - wamasiye wa limakhulupirira. wakupha mlandu mlembi wamkulu wa wolemba Soviet Petra Kryuchkova.

kuwombera

Zipatso zambiri anali mbali ya ndondomeko wamkulu wa Moscow wachitatu (mwalamulo umatchedwa ndondomeko odana Soviet "bloc za Ufulu ndi Trotskyites"). mayesero Public unachitikira m'chaka cha 1938. Iwo anali limodzi ndi lalikulu boma kampeni propaganda pa TV. Manyuzipepala lofalitsidwa makalata lotseguka kwa anthu osiyanasiyana anthu ndiponso anthu wamba, imene anali kuwasindikiza oukira ndi kupereka kuwombera "ngati agalu misala" ndi zina zotero. D.

Berry anapempha (ndi pempho anapatsidwa) ku funso ubwenzi wake ndi Nadezhda Peshkova ndi kupha Maksima Peshkova tikambirana njira zosiyana pa msonkhano wapadera. Makanema kiyi wa espionage ndi woukira boma momasuka. Berry adamfunsa wozenga mlandu ndi wozenga mlandu Andrei Vyshinsky - ndi protagonist za mayesero Moscow.

March 13, 1938 wozengedwa anapezeka wolakwa ndipo anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe. Tigwiritsitse moyo, Berry analemba chopempha kuti am'chitire. Anakana. Pa March 15, Commissar Anthu akale a Affairs Internal wa kuwombera pa. Mosiyana oimbidwa zina pochita Berry sichinayambe asintha khalidwe lawo.