Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich: lalifupi yonena

Nthawi zina nkhani za chilungamo kwa anthu amene achoka chizindikiro kwambiri, ndipo kuwapatsa ngongole kwa ena. Koma nthawi zambiri amaika chirichonse mu malo ake ndi limalola zoonanso pa zochitika za m'mbuyomo. Mmodzi wa anthu awa, amene ft anali anachepetsa a m'nthawi, ndi ngwazi ya Nkhondo ya Chesma - zonse asilikali Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich, chidwi zokhudza moyo zimene ziperekedwa kwa owerenga nkhani imeneyi.

midshipman Spiridov

The kwambiri Russian panyanja mkulu Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich anabadwa pa January 31, 1713 mu banja la commandant ya Vyborg - mzinda reconquered kwa asilikali a Sweden ndi Peter Ine pa nkhondo ya kumpoto. Atalandira maphunziro kunyumba, zimayenera achinyamata fuko lomveka anadzipereka kwa apanyanja. Kale pa zaka fifitini, bwinobwino kutenga mayeso a sayansi panyanja, iye amapeza mutu wake woyamba - ndi midshipman.

M'chaka ku St. Petersburg ku gulu Caspian wa a panyanjawa wamng'ono wasonyeza pakati pawo kuti ndimeyi antchito yogwira natumikira Spiridov. Gregory, anadza molamulidwa ndi wodziwa zambiri za panyanja mkulu ndi hydrograph Alekseya Nagaeva bwino kwambiri katswiri wa nzeru za sayansi panyanja. Patapita zaka zingapo anapatsidwa lamulo la awiri gekbotami - atatu masted sitima za mayendedwe a katundu ndi ndegeyo. Masiku amenewo, panyanja Spiridova maulendo anathamangira ku Astrakhan kuti Persia.

Service pa Nyanja Baltic

Mu 1732, mnyamata ndi zingamuthandize yapamadzi kunditumiza ku Kronstadt, pamene analandira udindo wa midshipman oyambirira, akupitiriza kutumikira pa zombo za Baltic zombo ndipo anasankha msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja kuti wotsatila asilikali Peter Bredahl zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Ndi pafupi kwambiri panyanja mkulu anapita weniweni nkhondowo maphunziro Spiridov. Gregory A., amene yonena ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi mbiri ya Russian zombo zaka zimenezo, anali limodzi ndi wachiwiri-asilikali mu Azov ulendo ndi zombo Turkey ndi monga mbali ya Don Flotilla nkhondo zonse.

Pambuyo pake, mbiri yake kudzadza zaka zitatu anakhala mu North la Russia, Arkhangelsk, kumene warship kumene yomangidwa Spiridov akupanga kusintha ku doko chikumbutso kwa iye Kronstadt. Apa, zaka khumi lotsatira, analamula osati zapamadzi ankadutsa, komanso - chimene chiri chofunika kwambiri tsogolo ntchito - ndi ma yatchi bwalo. Izi zimapereka mpata kufuna kutchuka mwa lamulo la Baltic zombo, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - mu mabwalo apamwamba amazikonda anthu otchuka.

Zotsatira zake zinali osati kale kubwera ndipo mu 1754 yunifolomu wake chokongoletsedwa ndi kanali wa mkulu lachitatu udindo. M'dongosolo lino Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich amakhala membala wa boma lamulolo kukhala latsopano hayala wa Navy anapatsidwa. Kumapeto ntchito, anaikidwa Chief wa Naval olemekezeka Cadet Corps, kumene udindo wa mkulu wa kampani Spiridov amakonzekera admirals ake m'tsogolo Russian.

Nawo zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri Nkhondo

Zaka zisanu ndi zaka nkhondo, gulu lomwe, pamodzi ndi ambiri a mphamvu yaikulu ya dziko, nakhala Russia, Gregory A. anakhala mu Baltic zombo kuchita utumwi nkhondowo, imene imatsogoleredwa ntchito kuchokera kugombe la Sweden, Danzig, Copenhagen ndi Stralzunda. Pamene, mu 1761, General Pyotr Rumyantsev, kuzungulira linga la Kolberg (tsopano Polish gawo), ulendo reinforcements, ndi Spiridov pa zombo zawo n'kupita naye asilikali zikwi ziwiri.

Iye anakwera pa mpando wachifumu mu 1762, achinyamata Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri anayamikira nyota za "woonamtima ndi wolimba kapitawo" (ananena za izo, General Rumyantsev), ndipo Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich analimbikitsa kumbuyo asilikali pa udindo wake monga mkulu wa squadron wa Revel. Zinali udindo kwambiri. The ntchito ya asilikali kumene anapanga anali kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha Baltic aya nyanja. Pa mapeto a zaka zisanu nkhondo kwa nthawi yaitali wakhala akutumikira monga Mkulu wa Kronstadt ndi Revel madoko, kenako amakhala Commander ya Baltic zombo, kumene anayamba ntchito yake midshipman a.

Pofunafuna kumvetsa ulemerero

Koma bwino kwambiri unaonekera mwa nkhondo Spiridov Chirasha Turkey nkhondo yomwe inayamba mu 1768 ndipo zinatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Ndi nthawi iyi iye analimbikitsa kuti asilikali, Order wa St. Alexander Nevsky ndipo anasankhidwa kukhala kazembe wa maulendowa a m'gulu la asilikali, kuti adzipeleke kwa zilumba Greek. Kuyambira moorings Kronstadt squadron adachoka mu July 1769, ndipo patapita miyezi isanu anafika pachilumbachi nyanja kum'mwera kwa Balkans, kumene, malinga ndi dongosolo la msonkhano, anagwirizana ndi zombo za ulendo wachiwiri, kutsogozedwa ndi asilikali John Elphinstone.

Patapita nthawi m'ngalawa flagship anaimirira anafika ku Livorno-mu-akulu General Werengerani Alexei Orlov, wotumidwa ndi Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri lamulo la mphamvu zonse za panyanja ya Russia, yomwe ili mu Nyanja Mediterranean. Atafika wake anayamba yogwira ntchito ya usilikali, chifukwa cha zomwe anagwidwa ndi mzinda Arcadia ndi Mistra, komanso zapansi asilikali ili Navarino ndi Itilone. Kuti tikanize Russian zombo Ottoman anakakamizika kukokera m'dera limeneli ndi gulu lalikulu.

Kupambana pankhondo ya Chios

Woyamba nkhondo lalikulu ndi Turkey zombo ntchitoyi inkachitika June 24, 1770 ndipo anapatsidwa dzina Chios nkhondo. The Eagles iye mphamvu zonse anaperekedwa Spiridova, zomwe, ngakhale kudana munthu, chikuzika ngati odziwa za panyanja mkulu. Malinga okha, Grigory ntchito nkhondo atsopano machenjerero nyengo ya nkhondo panyanja, kutumiza vanguard la zombo zawo pa mlingo woyenerera kwa unyolo zombo za adani ndi kuyamba ndi pang'ono kuukira malo ake. Posankha zoti zinafuna udindo waukulu, amene si mantha kukwata Spiridov.

Gregory A. pa nkhondo pa bolodi sitima, "Eustace" ndipo anali pafupi imfa pamene yawoyo pa kukwera nkhondowo ndi Turkey flagship "Real-Mustapha". zombo onse anali kumizidwa, ndi kokha kuyamika mwangozi asilikali sanafe ndipo ali bwinobwino pa bolodi frigate "Zitatu kudzipweteka". Nkhondoyi chigonjetso anali kumbali ya zombo Russian, monga kuyenera pafupifupi pawiri Goliyati.

Chabwino ola asilikali

Koma m'tsogolo nkhondo yaikulu, apambana mwa Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich. Chesma nkhondo imene inachitika pa usiku wa 24 pa June 25, 1770 unalidi ola lake abwino. Mkulu wa Russian squadron wa Chiwerengero Orlov, kwa ubwino onse wosatsutsika wa States ndi mtsogoleri wa asilikali, analibe zambiri khalidwe la nkhondo panyanja. Ndipo ngakhale patapita anali iye anapita ku ulemerero wa wopambana Nkhondo ya Chesma, utsogoleri weniweni anapatsidwa kwa Spiridova.

Chifukwa cha ayendetsa la zombo Turkey anali pafupifupi anathamangitsidwa mu Chesma Bay ndipo anali ndi mwayi disadvantageous kwambiri okha. Malinga ndi mkulu wa asilikali dongosolo, nthawi yomweyo Turkey anabwera pansi zida zankhondo moto ndi moto zombo zinaukilidwa - m'timabwato itanyamula mabomba ndi oongoka kwa mdani, mu kugunda zimene zoopsa. timu yawo, pasadakhale peresevshaya mu ngalawa, anasankhidwa ndi makhoti ena.

Msampha umenewu analola Russia anatentha ndi kutumiza pansi mbali yaikulu ya zombo Turkey, kenako Ottoman kwa nthawi yaitali watwya mphamvu zake nyanja. Ziwerengero ndi chidwi imfa chiŵerengero anakhumudwitsa mu izi nkhondo ankhanza maphwando. Amadziwika kuti khumi oyendetsa anafa mwa Russia, pamene anthu Turkey akufa ndi ovulala analipo anthu khumi zikwi. Mwachidule - 1 mu 1000.

ulemerero kubedwa

Amenewa ndi chifukwa wapadera m'mbiri ya m'madzi komanso pamtunda nkhondo. Pa tsiku limenelo, pamodzi ndi lonse Russian squadron anapambana mtsogoleri - asilikali Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich. Photo zojambula ndi Aivazovsky, zinalembedwa 1848 ndi chosonyeza zochitika za nkhondo, kunapezeka anapereka kumapeto kwa nkhani ino.

Polemekeza chigonjetso cha ulemerero, kapena, ngati iwo anati, "Victoria" Catherine II analamula kuti amange mpingo (chithunzi ake umaonekanso m'nkhani) ndi ndime chamadzulo. Sam Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich, amene nyota anali wakuti, analandira okha Order wa St. Andrew. gawo la mikango a ulemu ndi ulemerero napita monga tatchulazi, ndiwotani wa Catherine - Werengani Orlov.

Service pa Nyanja Aegean

Zaka zitatu anakhala m'dera la asilikali a zilumba Greek, kupanga maziko a zombo Russian pachilumba cha Paros ndipo kuchokera kumeneko kulamulira mbali yaikulu ya mauthenga mu Nyanja Aegean. Iwo anali pafupi kwathunthu oletsedwa yobereka zida ndi chakudya kwa Greece kwa Constantinople, komanso anatseka misewu ya Dardanelles akuyendera. Mu 1772 Spiridov zimavuta ndi mphamvu pansi, anapanga angapo bwino ntchito asilikali ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'malinga Turkey, kufika pa ntchito yake mu Egypt ndi Syria.

aiwala ngwazi

Mu 1773, iye analemekeza asilikali Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich, kanthawi mbiri imene inali maziko a m'nkhaniyi, wotumidwa St. Petersburg ntchitoyo wake. Iye anali makumi asanu ndi limodzi okha, koma lipoti lake anafotokoza za kuwonongeka kwa thanzi. The kwenikweni chifukwa sankafuna kupitiriza biographers utumiki amakhulupirira chokhumudwitsa kwa mchigonjetso Nkhondo ya Chesma anali zimachitika kuti iye koma ndiwotani wa Catherine II - Werengani Orlov, khamu pa nkhondo okha chabe nawo, koma walowa mu mbiri ya Russia monga khalidwe waukulu.

Moyo bwino asilikali anakhala mu kumudzi kwawo wa Highland Pereslavl chigawo, kumene anakafa pa April 19, 1790. imfa yake anapita padera Russia kalekale analowa ufumu watsopano ndi ntchito mavuto ena. Ulendo womaliza wa analemekeza panyanja mkulu anaona kuchokera bwalo anthu ndi munthu winanso - mnzake, chimodzimodzi monga iye, aiwala ngwazi za Nkhondo ya Chesma - asilikali Stepan Petrovich Hmetevsky.