Ufumuyo, Ndani uyu, ndi momwe kuti akhale amodzi?

Amene anali mwayi mokwanira kudziwa chisangalalo kuwerenga (ndipo iwo ali lero, mwatsoka, osati kwambiri), mu mabuku a Viktora Gyugo ndi Lva Tolstogo mawu "ufumuyo." Amene ali bwino ku nkhani amatanthauza Bonapart Napoleon. Pankhaniyi, nkhani tanthauzo zikuonekeratu kuti ndi kuwaweruza mu chirengedwe, ndipo mfumu French sanafune kuvala dzina amenewa. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani?

Democracy ndi kudzitengera

Masiku ano ankaona polity demokalase kukachitika kuti mphamvu lagawidwa nthambi zitatu, pamene iye triceps, ngati chinjoka kapena njoka chinjoka. Legislatures m'mayiko osiyanasiyana wotchedwa maganizo, radami, Reichstag, rigsdagami, senates ndi ena n'chimodzimodzi zinenero mawu mapangidwe, monga momwe tikuonera bwino tanthauzo ambiri, kutulutsa zizindikiro, Kusintha, malamulo, kapena kusintha iwo. Choncho kuchita chifuniro cha adzaponye chisanko cha. Nthambi chachiwiri - ndi wamkulu, lamulo zabwino chilibe ntchito mwamtheradi ngati kugwilizana ake ndi ena mwa anthu boma saganizira kofunika. Ndipo mphamvu lachitatu - milandu, amene zikugwira Kuthi pa nthawi imene malangizo akadali linaphwanya nzika munthu chikomokere, imene ambiri maganizo si kofunika. Awa ndi subtleties onse a dziko la sayansi malamulo kwambiri, koma kodi ndi ufumuyo? Mawu Latin «usurpatio» (kupeza chinthu chinachake) amasonyeza osiyana akafuna kanthu kwa munthu analengedwa ndi anthu ululu ndi zolakwa miyambo yabwino demokalase.

Ufumuyo. Ndani uyu?

Mu boma la chilamulo, kaya digiri yake demokalase (angakhale ndi mabwalo, ndi ufumu, ndi ufumu, ndi Sultanate a mtundu wina, kapena caliphate) mu linakhalapo pali anzathu, amene ankaona bwinobwino, kuti ali bwino. Anthu amene amabadwa ndi ena malamulo, anakulira pa miyambo ya makolo awo, iwo amadziwa zimene angathe ndi zimene sangathe ngakhale maphunziro malamulo ali, kapena ena a iwo sangathe ngakhale kuwerenga. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi umtenga mphamvu ufumuyo. "Ndi ndani iye, ndipo chifukwa chake Akutilangiza mmene moyo?" - kudzifunsa nzika wamba, osati kubisala mkwiyo wake ndi ukali. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mfumu yatsopano, akakalanda mphamvu za izi zonse nthambi za boma ndi arrogated yokha ufulu wosankha yekha (ndi zosinthika wa gulu, ngati gulu la anthu achiwembu anayamba kulamulira), onetsetsani kuti ntchito mphamvu kugonjetsa zipolowe. Mantha - ndi kuvomerezedwa Kanema kudzitengera, nkhanza popanda n'zosatheka.

The usurpers wotchuka

Yotchuka kwambiri iwo - anena Bonaparte, amene anakhala mfumu yoyamba ya French, mpaka izo basi mafumu analamulira ku Paris. Roman wolamulira Yuliy Tsezar komanso anagwira yekha mphamvu, iyo inali zaka pafupifupi asanabadwe Khristu. Avgust Oktavian anayambitsa kwambiri Roma, kulanda mpando wachifumu si njira yolondola kwambiri. Tchimo lomwelo ndi English King Henry wa Seventh. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, asilikali yachifumu zokhumba anakhala Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri, amene anachotsedwa mwamuna wake.

M'zaka makumi awiri m'mayiko ambiri, nayenso, panali ufumuyo. Amene anali mu Russia - Kerensky, amene anatenga m'nyumba yachifumu, Lenin, amene anamangidwa pa Provisional boma kapena Stalin, pang'onopang'ono anaweramuka ndi Politburo a akonzedwa Lenin, iwo ndi kwa azambiriyakale, koma pati aliyense wa iwo ataphimbidwa ndi tanthawuzo. Mussolini, Hitler, ndipo ngakhale General de Gaulle, amene analamulira impso mphamvu ndi n'chongoletsa zimene mabungwe demokalase nawonso, ndi ulemu n'ngwokayikitsa kutchedwa choncho. Ndicho osati kutchula olamulira ena, anthu ankhanza zina (ngati Chikiliyo Duvalier), kapena boma odzipereka a m'mayiko Latin American. Nthawi zina kudzitengera lipindulitsa ndipo ngakhale muyeso kofunika, makamaka pamene dziko ili pafupi kwathunthu kugwa. Koma zotsatira za zimenezi ayenera kuti aweruzidwe ndi zotsatira.

kompyuta ufumuyo

The ngwazi za masewero - ndi ghostly ufumuyo. Iye ali ndi makhalidwe ake enieni, ndicho zida, mipeni, malamba, nsapato, Magolovesi ndipo ngakhale ngati zinthu zosowa zida monga bracers. Nthawi zimachitika, osewera sindikuganiza za mbali koyenela wa chinthu zowawa zake, n'kofunika kukwaniritsa mlingo analonjeza n'kuulanda zonse ngati kuli kotheka. Opanga masewera ndikadafuna bwino ntchito yawo.