History of Poland - chiyani ife sanandiphunzitse?

Tsopano - patapita zaka mazana angapo - ndi khumi yotsatira osachepera m'mbuyomu Russia ndi Poland adzakhala kwambiri ubwenzi wathu. mbiri Polish ndi zinapatsira ndi Polish-Russian mikangano, nkhondo, kusiyana maganizo. magawo atatu wa Commonwealth anatembenuka zaka 123 za ukapolo.
Ndipo mbiri ya Poland ndi umakhudza kulimbana ufulu.

Atagwa odana ndi Russian chiwembu mu January 1862, kunabwera ndondomeko zina za Russification m'mayiko Polish ndi kugwirizana kwa Ufumu wa Poland. mabungwe Polish unatha phunziro kwa mokakamiza St. Petersburg utsogoleli. Watsimikiza 1865 ngati utsogoleri anayambitsa Chirasha, patapita zaka zitatu, bajeti osiyana wakhazikitsidwa, boma, ndi dziko lagawidwa m'zigawo 10. Mu 1876, Chirasha kalembedwe anamanganso zakuweluzidwa kwa milandu ndi lithe Polish Bank Patapita zaka khumi. The chinenero mu mabungwe ndi makhoti anakhala Russian, ndipo ambiri mwa akuluakulu a boma chifukwa Russia. Choncho, mbiri ya Poland ndi pa siteji kuti anali mbiri ya ukapolo, ndi zovuta kuti musataye dziko.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya bwanamkubwa Theodore (Theodore) Berg ufumu, amene anatchedwa kuti "Privislinsky m'mphepete", anayamba kutsogolera abwanamkubwa wamkulu, ndi ufulu wapadera m'munda wa chitetezo. Komanso, Poland sinafalikire kusintha owolowa manja imachitika mu ufumu zonse umachitika mu dongosolo la apolisi boma, kufufuza ndi malamulo achisilikali (kuyambira 1861)
akadali akuzisunga muyezo. Mpingo wa Katolika, amene anaimirira opanduka, nayenso, anathamangitsa: mchitidwe umenewu kutsekedwa, amene anapulumuka, anasankhidwa katundu, mabishopu zimadalira koleji ku St. Petersburg (ngakhale anthuwo la Papa), nakhala pansi kulankhula chiletso ndi Vatican.

Pa gawo Polish m'gulu la Ufumu, vuto la Zitsulo anali koipa. Zovuta kwambiri kuti anthu anali chikhalidwe kuloŵerera zachiwawa ndi yimitsira Pawokha yosiyanasiyana. Poland monga gawo la Russia monga kusalidwa kudziyimira pawokha dziko - ambiri Zitsulo anathamangitsidwa ndi gawo kum'mawa, ndi zina tizivutika misonkho mkulu simungathe kugula dziko, kukhazikitsa ntchito. Mwachibadwa, unachititsa kusakhutira zobisika za anthu, amene akufotokozera ndi nthawi mu zionetsero lotseguka. Ngati, pamaso pa ulamuliro wa Alexander Wachiwiri Polish mbiri kakusintha zovuta nthawi liquidation wa boma Polish, boma atsopano kuganizira mavuto a chikhalidwe ndi chinenero. Mobwerezabwereza anapanga latsopano mafunde mtundu, chifukwa cha zimene Russia Russification itakula pa khwerero liri. Mu madera kupitirira Bug Mtsinje anafuna kufufuta mawonetseredwe aliyense wa Polishness - onse kusukulu makonzedwe a - ndiye izo potsiriza loletsa chinenero Polish ntchito pagulu. sikunali kotheka pa dera la Ufumu, koma pano zimasokoneza chitukuko cha chikhalidwe Polish ndi woyanjidwa Russia.

Cha m'ma 60s kwa zaka za m'ma 19 Chirasha anakhala chinenero cha malangizo sukulu zasekondale. m'sukulu za pulayimale mu 1869 anasanduka yunivesite yachifumu. Mu 1872, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa Nduna ya Maphunziro wotchedwa Dmitry Tolstoy kwathunthu inathetsedwa ndi kulunjika wa sukulu Polish.

Russia ndi Poland. Mbiri ya mayiko amenewa anayamba wakhalapo mu kugunda ndi. Ndi ndi Russian Poland anali pa nkhondo 1920. Mu Poland, akukhulupirira kuti gawo lotsatira - ntchito ya dziko - anabwera mu 1939 pamene asilikali a Soviet pa September 17, anayamba m'dera la Poland (Kumbukirani kuti pa September 1, asilikali a Hitler linalanda dzikoli). Komabe, odwala ndi mbiri ya Poland malo akukumbukirabe. Ndipo mpaka pamene sitingathe poyera ndi moona kukambirana zovuta vicissitudes yakale, silingakhale ndi kukambirana weniweni. Ndipotu polimbana Russification - woyamba cha m'ma 19, ndiye ulamuliro wa Russian lonse m'nyengo ya Soviet - akadali ndi moyo pa Zitsulo. Ndipo ngakhale makhalidwe a mgwirizano ndi kukonzekera Koma m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, ubwenzi koona kutali.