"Mtundu wa apolisi": kodi Russia ikugwera pansi pa tanthauzo limeneli?

Pofuna kumvetsetsa ngati kuli kotheka kutchula boma la boma lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ku Russian Federation kuyambira nthawi yomwe asiya ndondomeko ya Yeltsin kwa apolisi, tiyeni tiyese kuona mopanda tsankho zomwe dziko la apolisi liri, ndizofunika bwanji, momwe maboma amakhazikitsira, ndipo makamaka Amasamalira kugwira nthawi yaitali.

Kufotokozera kwa njira zoterezi kunaonekera m'zaka za XVIII-XIX. Anthu otchedwa maiko omwe maboma onse anali m'manja mwa anthu apamwamba, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosiyanasiyana (ngakhale atatchulidwa: apolisi, chitetezo, carabinieri, kapena apolisi) kuti asunge ulamuliro wonse.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe apolisi amachokera? Zitsanzo za mbiri yakale zimasonyeza kuti chilengedwe cha chisokonezo ndi chisokonezo chimakhala chokoma kwambiri pa chilengedwe chake. "Nkhondo ya onse motsutsana ndi onse" imayambitsa kusokoneza koopsa kwa anthu. Iwo omwe sangathe "kusodza m'madzi amadzi" amayamba kumva zotsalira za nthawi zamtendere ndikulakalaka "dzanja lamphamvu". Panthawiyi, Mafiosi / dalaivala amabwera ku mphamvu pansi pa zilembo za "Stability and Order". Mawu amenewa, monga lamulo, amakondweretsa anthu ambiri.

Dziko la apolisi lingalengeze kulemekeza ufulu wa anthu ndi ufulu wandale. Komabe, mowonjezereka mukulankhulidwa kwa olamulira amamveka mawu onena za "kukalipira mwamphamvu", "kulanga" ndi "kuwongolera kuwongolera." Olefuka ndi "kusayeruzika," anthu amavomereza izi. Udindo wa apolisi ndi mabungwe ena a chitetezo amawoneka kuti ndi ofunikira kwambiri mu njira iyi: Ndani "adzafufuzira" gangster, ngati si munthu amene ntchito zake zikuphatikizapo kuteteza lamulo? Zoona, pakapita nthawi kulamulira kolimba kumaphatikizapo magawo onse a moyo wapagulu.

Kukhazikika komwe kumafuna sikukubwerabe. Izi zimachitidwa, ndithudi, ndi adani akunja "omwe akuyesera kutigwada", komanso "otsutsa-othawa" omwe akuchita mkati. Dziko la apolisi limapempha anthu kuti akhale okonzeka komanso ogwirizana ndi mabungwe a chitetezo. Mungathe kukumbukira mawu a Mfumu ya ku Russia Nicholas I: "Kukonzekera kwathu kuli pakhomo la Russia, koma sindingalowetse mkati". Mofananamo, Vladimir Putin nayenso analankhula za Orange Revolution ku Ukraine.

Chitsanzo cha zochitika zapamwamba zomwe "mphamvu" zimayang'anira mpira ndi Spain pa nthawi ya Franco, Chili pansi pa chidendene cha Pinochet, boma la "Kemalism" ku Turkey. Palibe kukayikira kuti boma la mtundu wotero limatsutsa anthu. Chokongola kwambiri mtundu uwu wa dziko sichidzapanga zizindikiro zotsatila demokalase, kapena yunifolomu yatsopano ya apolisi yatsopano (makamaka achigololo mwa akazi). Chiwerengero cha anthu chimalipira zochuluka kuti "kukhazikika": zigawo za boma zikuwongolera mwakhama moyo wa ndale ndi wa dziko, malamulo amamasuliridwa mwaulere, mchitidwe wosavuta wa utsogoleri wa milandu unakhazikitsidwa, zosakhudzidwa ndi zofalitsa zowonongeka zimachotsedwa, ndipo otsutsa akutsutsidwa.

Kotero kodi Russia wamakono ndi chiyani? Dziko la apolisi, boma lachidziwitso, oligarchy kapena chinachake pakati? Zitsanzo zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za maboma apolisi zimasonyeza kuti mphamvu zonse zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvuzi zinkathandiza kuteteza akuluakulu a boma (omwe nthawi zambiri amalonda amalonda, akuluakulu a boma, nthawi zina apakati). Oimira zidazi akhoza kumva bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimathandizira. Ku Russia, chigamulo cha Khodorkovsky ndi Lebedev chinasonyeza kuti kugwirizana kwa gulu si "inoculation" ya kuponderezedwa. Mwachiwonekere, apa tikukambirana ndi oligarchy, omwe amachotsa mpikisano kapena anthu osafuna kuchokera njira ya mphamvu.