Mitundu yaikulu ya boma

Mawu akuti "mtundu wa boma" amatanthauza mtundu wa kachitidwe ka bungwe ndipo mogwirizana kwa maulamuliro apamwamba a dziko. Pali mitundu iwiri ya kachitidwe: mabwalo ndi mafumu.

Mawu "ufumu" ndi lochokera Greek ndi amatanthauza "mphamvu ya umodzi" (popanda chododometsa). Pakuti mawonekedwe boma amakhala ndi ndende (tsankho kapena okwana) mphamvu manja a munthu - mutu wa dziko (Shah, mfumu, mfumu, mfumu, etc.). Monga ulamuliro, mphamvu imafalikira mu dongosolo chotero tinatengera.

Pakuti ufumu mtheradi yodziwika ndi autocracy mutu wa boma. Pankhaniyi, kazembe - yekha mwayekha mphamvu, iye yekha legislates, amaperekera bwalo chimaika boma. Masiku ano, m'mayiko ena n'zotheka kusunga boma: United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, Brunei, Saudi Arabia.

Constitutional ufumu lili ndi zinthu zina zingapo. Pakuti mawonekedwe boma amakhala ndi malire ena a mphamvu ya mutu wa boma. Monga ulamuliro, malire izi zimaonekera mu Constitution. Kukulitsa ndi mafumu oyendetsera dziko mu mapangidwe anthu bourgeois.

Mogwirizana ndi mlingo wa kuletsa bolodi mphamvu chimatanthauza mitundu iwiri: dualistic ndi aphungu.

Wapawiri ufumu amapereka kupitiriza mphamvu wamkulu wa mfumu. Mutu wa dziko komanso akuzisunga ndi ufulu kukhazikitsa boma, ndi kuvunda kwa yamalamulo ndi veto.

Pakuti ufumu aphungu amakhala ndi kulekana kwa mphamvu. mapangidwe boma ndi chifukwa oimira zipani (kapena Zipani angapo) ambiri. Pakuti mawonekedwe a boma komanso khalidwe la pamaso pa udindo boma si kwa mfumu ndi aphungu anyumba yamalamulo.

Mwa mayiko ndi mafumu aphungu ayenera kusankha United Kingdom, Sweden, Japan, Spain ndi ena.

Republican boma yodziwika ndi mutu voti. Mawu akuti "Republic" kwenikweni ankachita monga "nkhani ya onse". Chonchi kasamalidwe dongosolo boma monga gwero la mphamvu akutumikira anthu. mawonekedwe Republican a boma unakhazikitsidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 5-4 zaka BC. e. mu Athens.

Malinga ndi njira ya gulu ndi zimene zimachitika pakati pa nthambi za Boma, pali mitundu itatu ya Republic.

Choyamba, mtundu wa Pulezidenti wa boma yodziwika ndi mfundo yakuti Pulezidenti - ndiye mutu ndi boma, ndipo m'boma. Pankhaniyi, amangoona oterowo positi, monga mtumiki pachimake, si anapereka. Kwa dongosolo lino komanso yodziwika ndi chisankho cha pulezidenti. Mutu wa boma amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Choyamba, akhoza kupanga boma kuti si udindo kwa nyumba yamalamulo. Mu mawonekedwe a komiti okhwima amalembedwa gulu la mphamvu. Chotero dongosolo la boma alipo, makamaka ku United States.

The Republic angakhalenso aphungu. Pankhaniyi, Nyumba yamalamulo ili ndi mphamvu zonse wamkulu boma. Pulezidenti mwachizolowezi mu zikachitika ali ndi mphamvu yophiphiritsira ndipo alibe chikoka kwambiri pa moyo ndale mu dziko. Yamalamulo Choncho osankhidwa ndi anthu. Boma aumbike mwa oimira mgwirizano ndi chipani ambiri yamalamulo.

Palinso mitundu atypical za boma boma. kachitidwe zimenezi zikuphatikizapo monarchical, theka-aphungu, theka-Pulezidenti Republic, Republican mafumu.

Pakuti dongosolo theka-Pulezidenti yodziwika ndi mbali ya dongosolo onse aphungu ndi Pulezidenti wa boma. fomu iyi ndi yabwino komanso zothandiza, malinga ambiri aphungu ndi mutu wa boma kugwira malangizo ndale, osati zosiyana.