Acetic anhydride: katundu, Kukonzekera ndi kugwiritsa

Anhydrides zidulo carboxylic - ndi mankhwala a madzi m'thupi la tinthu lapansi. Izi yodziwika ndi ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira isomerism biosoedineny. Pamene anangotchula anhydrides asidi carboxylic zambiri ntchito nomenclature mbiri (mwachitsanzo, anhydride, asidi acetic, maleic anhydride, etc.). Pa Kuwonjezera zidulo carboxylic dehydrating wothandizila (amangoona phosphorous okusayidi) limapezeka madzi m'thupi yawo, mu mapangidwe anhydrides carboxylic acid.

Acetic anhydride: Kukonzekera

Mutu pawiri analandira akhoza kutsukidwa njira zingapo. Pakuti kaphatikizidwe ake zofala kwambiri ntchito okusayidi phosphorous, amene ali wamphamvu kwambiri dehydrating wothandizira. Palinso njira ina kuti kaphatikizidwe anhydride. Mwachitsanzo, acetic anhydride akhoza zopezera pansi zochita za mankwala monga nthochi asidi anhydride. The ndondomeko yozizira anawonjezera dropwise SN3SOS1 kachigawo kamodzi pa tinthu dewatered ndi zouma bwino asidi-ndi sodium nthochi. The osakaniza chifukwa anali usavutike amtengo ndi apanga acetic anhydride chinatha mu kusamba mchenga kenako lidzayeretsedwa ndi distillation. Chifukwa cha ntchito opangidwa kwambiri kununkhiza nthochi asidi madzi.

Acetic anhydride, ndi zinthu otsika maselo - madzi ndi fungo lakuthwa, pafupifupi insoluble m'madzi, mosavuta sungunuka ambiri zinthu organic. Tikumbukenso kuti anhydrides wa apamwamba zidulo carboxylic (makamaka Kuchepetsa) - zolimba odorless. kutentha awo otentha kwambiri kuposa ofanana zidulo carboxylic.

Acetic anhydride: Mankhwala Katundu

pawiri Izi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ambiri magulu osiyana a zinthu organic ndi njira ya kaphatikizidwe organic. Mu zochita za anhydrides ndi madzi kupereka mamolekyulu awiri asidi ofanana.

Amonoliz anhydrides kumabweretsa mapangidwe a amides ndi mchere ammonium wa ofanana zidulo carboxylic. zochita ntchito chopezera alkoliza ndi anhydrides esters.

Acetal anhydride ntchito ngati dehydrating ndi acetylating wothandizila mu ndondomeko kupanga atsetiltselyulozy, vinilu nthochi, mankhwala, dimethylacetamide, colorants, zinthu zonunkhira, etc. Nthochi aldehyde ndi mtima kwa thirakiti kupuma, maso ndi kuyambitsa zilonda zamoto khungu.

Mapadi nthochi analandira chifukwa kanthu pa mapadi nthochi anhydride mu pamaso pa chothandizira (asidi sulphate). Chosakwanira acetylation anakonza mono- ndi mapadi diacetates. Di- ndi mapadi triacetate ntchito yopanga silika nthochi. Chifukwa chaichi iwo kusungunuka chisakanizo cha kafungo kabwino ndi Mowa (85:15) kapena mu acetone koyera. Viscous njira analandira amene extruded mwa Zosefera wapadera. Woonda n'kupanga njira adzauma ndi kuwasandutsa yarns, amene ntchito yopanga zosiyanasiyana thonje ulusi kupanga.

ntchito mafakitale ntchito ndi anhydrides ena. Maleic anhydride - crystalline mankhwala, bwino sungunuka m'madzi ndi mu acetone, chimasungunula pa 52,85 ° C. Childs, nkhaniyi zakonzedwa ku asidi maleic. Ntchito kupanga mankhwala, poliyesitala ndi resins alkyd. Phthalic anhydride amapangidwa chifukwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa naphthalene. inawo ntchito kaphatikizidwe wa ochirikiza kukula, tizirombo, komanso mankhwala. Phthalic anhydride - crystalline wolimba ndi mfundo kusungunuka kwa 128 ° C. Anati anhydride ntchito kupeza Phenolphthalein (chizindikiro ndi medicament). anhydride Izi ntchito mankhwala othamangitsa kupanga (dimethyl phthalate).