Ammonium mchere - njira yokonza, ntchito chuma cha dziko

The mankhwala a NH4 + kumaonekera monga singly mlandu zabwino soda cation zitsulo. Pamene zimavuta ndi anions zinthu acidic anapanga crystalline dongosolo m'ma - Salt ammonium nitrate NH4N03, NH4C1 enaake, sulphate (NH4) 2S04, zomwe zigwirizana wa anion acid ndi gulu ammonium.

Ammonium salt tinasonkhanitsa pa za neutralization anachita, amene amapezeka pa zimene amoniya acid ndi.

ammonium salt, monga, mfundo zambiri za zitsulo soda angathe dissociate (unagawika cations ndi anions) mu amadzimadzi yothetsera pa ayoni kuti: salt ammonium, monga soda zitsulo salt dissociate mu ayoni:

NH4N03 ↔ NH4 ++ NO3-

Pa Kutentha, ammonium salt youma ali decomposed mu ammonia ndi asidi; Zimenezi amatchedwa matenthedwe dissociation.

Asidi anapanga (mwachitsanzo, acid amathiridwa) pamodzi ndi NH3 ukuphwera ndi pa kuzirala chimamanga ammonia ndi mchere ndi analandira. Izo ziyenera kuti n'zotheka ndi ndondomeko ndi kusintha kuwonongeka:

NH3 + HCl ↔ NH4Cl

Choncho, mankhwala enaake ammonium sublimes pamene usavutike, koma patapita kanthawi pamwamba pa chubu kachiwiri limapezeka ❖ kuyanika woyera wa mankhwala enaake ammonium. Chifukwa, mapangidwe salt sanali oyaka asidi, mwachitsanzo, (NH4) 2S04, volatilizes pa Kutentha yekha NH3, ndi asidi akhala. Zimenezi amatchedwa sizingasinthe kuwonongeka.

salt onse ammonium ndi mosavuta linakwiriridwa ndi alkalis (ndi Kutentha) kumasula amoniya:

NH4 + + HA -↔NH3 ↑ + H20

Zimenezi ntchito kudziwika feteleza ndi mawonekedwe ndi ammonium wa asafe.

Mu zimene carbonate ammonium ndi mchere ndi organic zidulo anamasulidwa mpweya. Mu zimene sulphate ammonium kapena mankhwala enaake ndi AgNO3 kapena BaCl anapanga precipitates khalidwe mtundu woyera.

Ammonium salt: Zitsanzo

salt ammonium chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ulimi. Izi ndi zinthu zabwino zomera mchere kudya (mwachitsanzo, ammonium sulphate - (NH4) 2S04). Monga amadziwika zomera Nayitirojeni akhoza kuyamwa kokha mu mawonekedwe omangidwa (NO3, NH4). Choncho, mankhwala asafe zimathandiza kwambiri. Chofunika kwambiri ndi nitrate ammonium amene limapangidwa ammonium nitrate NH4 NO3- asafe.

Ndipo ammonium dihydrogen mankwala, amadziwika pansi mayina a MAP NH4H2P04 ndi diammonium mankwala (NH4) 2NR04 ali ndi zinthu mankhwala awiri chomera zakudya - Nayitirojeni ndi phosphorous. Ammonium salt m'gulu feteleza losanganikirana.

Pamene amoniya amachitira ndi mpweya okusayidi (IV) anali apanga urea kapena urea NH2-NKHA-NH2.

Ammonium mankhwala enaake (NH4C1) kapena mankhwala enaake ammonium ntchito maselo electrochemical, mu ankaudaya ndi sittsepechatanii, tinning ndi soldering. Tipezeni zitsulo mkangano, amoniya ali decomposed mu mankhwala enaake hydrogen ndi ammonia. acid amathiridwa amachitira ndi okusayidi ndi, kuchotsako zitsulo pamwamba m'mene mchere oyaka aumbike.

Tikumbukenso kuti pamwamba kutsukidwa bwino chimatsatira solder. NH4NO3 (nitrate ammonium) pamodzi ndi mpweya ndi zotayidwa salt ali mbali ya zachiwawa ndi - ammonal. mankhwala awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chitukuko cha miyala. Ammonium hydrogencarbonate (NH4NSO3) Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chakudya ndi Confectionery makampani. pawiri Izi ntchito monga zisawonongeke kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya. NH4HCO3 denitrofitsiruyuschimi ali katundu amene amathandiza imathandizira yakucha.

Mkhalidwe anachita ndi mchere ammonium. Pamene usavutike, salt ndi ammonium anapanga ndi yankho soda wa hydroxide ammonium, amene lamamatira ndi kutulutsidwa kwa ammonia.

Pamaso la ammonia angathe kuyeza ndi fungo yeniyeni ndi zizindikiro mtundu pepala. Yokwaniritsira linachepa m'pofunika kutenga 1.0 cm3 ammonium mchere njira anawonjezera 0,5 cm3 njira ya hydroxide ndi sodium ndi kutentha. Pa ndondomeko Kutentha, amoniya adzamasulidwa, fungo khalidwe aumbike, ofiira ndi buluu litmus.