Black Wood (ebone): katundu ndi ntchito

Ebone - dzina generic, zikutanthauza kuchotsedwa mitundu ya mitengo, ndi nkhuni wakuda. Mtengo, lomwe limatchedwa wakuda - ndi nkalati, a ku Africa (Zaire, Nigeria, Cameroon) ndi Ceylon (Sri Lanka, India).

nkhani za m'mbiri

Ebone amatchedwa mosiyana: mugembe, nkalati, "Mtengo wa nyimbo" Mpinga, "mbidzi nkhuni." Kuyambira kalekale anthu ntchito makungwa, masamba ndi nkhuni nkalati, zimachitika kuti katundu zamatsenga. M'manda a Farao Tutankhamun ankagwidwa malonda nkhuni wakuda. Mu Egypt nkhaniyi wapatali wabweretsedwa kwa Africa East. Iye akhapidziwa kuti zipangizo zida opanga ndi ebone nkhuni banja, akhoza kupha mizimu yoipa ndi ziwanda. Mphinjiri limaimira mtima, kulimba mtima kwa mwini awo, malinga ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira, anabweretsa mphamvu ndi see.

mafuko African kuti ntchito ebone ntchito yokonza makala, nkhuni ali monga kuuma wake kwambiri komanso mkulu emissivity.

Zamgululi zopangidwa ebone nthawi zambiri zimachitika katundu zamatsenga. Mwachitsanzo, ku bokosi lamaliro ebone cholinga kugwira zinthu zamatsenga kusunga khalidwe lawo.

Features ndi specifications

Ebone ali wamphamvu thunthu awiri kufika pa anthu oposa mita. Msinkhu ndi pafupifupi 10 mamita. Chimakula pang'onopang'ono, kotero kuti ali ndi osalimba apamwamba, nthawi 2 kuposa kachulukidwe wa thundu. Pofuna kuti kukula msika, m'pofunika kwa zaka zambiri.

Makungwa wakuda nkhuni alibe phindu ndipo chotero chokha ntchito African ochiritsa wowerengeka mankhwala. Wood kuwomba amphamvu kwambiri (kachulukidwe wa 900-1000 makilogalamu / mamita ^3. Pa chinyezi 15%), wochuluka, amene amathandiza kukana kuti zochitika aliyense mumlengalenga. Kapangidwe kwambiri wandiweyani ku Ceylon ebone.

Pamene kutentha akutsikira ndi mode kusintha kapangidwe amakhalabe khola chinyezi. Phata ali ndi mtundu bulauni ndi chocolate, nthawi zambiri chibakuwa kapena kuwala wofiirira hue. The sapwood ndi zochepa wandiweyani, chikasu. Wood mosavuta kupukuta, chitembenukiro. Wood wakuda zowola ndi kuwononga tizilombo si bwanji (ngakhale chiswe omnivores kupewedwa izo).

Masamba ebone leathery, lalikulu, masamba obiriwira, koma nthawi zina akhoza kugwa pansi chilala.

Mitundu yonse ya mtengo otentha ndi osiyana wokongola zachilengedwe matte Sheen, koma ena mitundu mwina nacho luster zachitsulo.

N'kofunika mafuta ebone kupeza mabvuto ndithu. Izo ntchito popanga wa mafuta, chifukwa amapereka akuya amakambirana ndi limatsindika loyandikana zolemba mafutawo.

Features wa workpiece ndi

Kuyanika ebone poyera zoipa. Pamene kudula mitengo ntchito isanafike kuyanika njira. Iwo kwagona kuti zaka pafupifupi ziwiri kugwetsa thunthu anapanga wapadera zozungulira amacheka, izo zimaleka kukula. Pofuna kupewa kuyanika kwambiri mofulumira, nkhuni pambuyo kumaliza mwamphamvu wokutidwa ku dzuwa ndi drafts ndi ndondomeko malekezero (Mwaichi, oyenera laimu kapena zina zofanana).

"Zoyimbira" mtengo

Chifukwa kachulukidwe ndi madzi sangalowe ake katundu wa wakuda mtengo wakhala bwinobwino ntchito popanga zipangizo mkulu-mapeto nyimbo. Makamaka otchuka kwa zida mphepo monga zitoliro, clarinet, oboe. Komanso makiyi nkhuni ebone limba anapanga, miimba ndi mapadi pa amangomvera magitala, violin. Khosi la gitala, amene ntchito kupanga nkalati, likulu yokoka amasuntha chida lokha, chimene chiri chofunika kwa asangalatsi akatswiri. Gitala chipolopolo wa ebone kwambiri opukutidwa amalenga kumatikumbutsabe, pamene mwadzidzidzi nkhoswe kubwera kuchokera zingwe. Fretboard zisathe ndi yosamalika modal mbale.

Komanso, ebone nkhuni angagwiritsidwe ntchito pasting wa chachikulu ndi wowongoka pianos, omwe anapangidwa kwa mkungudza chabwino-grained.

Kupanga mipando

Pakuti inlays ndi veneering ebone wakhala ntchito kuyambira m'ma 17. Mu 1733 mtengo malangizo a matabwa langokhala, chifukwa cha ntchito zake ambiri anayamba.

Mu zaka za m'ma 19, zinadziwika mbewu yapamwamba stylized monga Roma, Agiriki. Panthawi imeneyi, kutchuka kwawo anayamba kupeza curule mpando, chimene chinapangidwa nkhuni ebone. Izo zikuwoneka achisomo kwambiri ndi kulemera kwake, koma wamphamvu ndi ankawonjezereka.

Mu Russia, kutchuka kwa mipando osankhika zopangidwa ebone anayamba kuyambira Peter Wamkulu, ndipo m'zaka za m'ma 18 ankakonda ananyamula.

Pakali pano, ebone ntchito zinthu mipando yokongola, komanso kupanga mankhwala yekha. Chifukwa anasonyeza mwanaalirenji zinthu nkhuni zimagwirizizirana ndi zigawo zitsulo zodula.

Yokongola ndi inlay mipando, zida zoimbira, ntchito sliced maonekedwe ebone.

zinthu mkati ndi alendo

Ebone nkhuni, chifukwa katundu wake wapadera, abwino kwa Machining mu kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana: mafano, amangomvera mipeni, alendo.

The carvers kwambiri mwaluso ebone - anthu a fuko Makonde. Iwo anapanga zapadera limaonetseratu ziboliboli ku nkalati. Mu zipangizo pawiri ntchito njira, osiyana mu kapangidwe: kwambiri opukutidwa ndi kudula zinthu popanda processing.

Today ebone mtengo ndi mkulu, zimenezi zili mkulu-mapeto anapangidwa: Chess, backgammon, timitengo, mabokosi a vinyo, zindudu, zinthu zokongoletsa, mafelemu zithunzi ndi zojambula, kusamalira masamba ndi zina zambiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso ndi masamba

Ebone zipatso edible, tart kulawa osiyana (ichi ndi chifukwa kudzikundikira mu zimakhala za utoto). Komabe, kusiyiratu pa kuzizira ndipo pa yosungirako. M'mayiko ena, ebone masamba ndi maluwa ndi mkulu-kalori, idyani. Mwa mankhwala iwo akhoza kukhala okonzekera, zakumwa zipatso, ndi mbale zina zambiri. Mukhozanso ntchito yaiwisi kapena zouma mawonekedwe.

Zipatso za mtengo wakuda, malingana ndi mtundu ndi malo kukula, mwina zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kum'mawa persimmon Mwachitsanzo, zipatso kufika masentimita 10 m'mimba mwake.

mankhwala

Azungu ku Middle Ages ankakhulupirira odana ndi ukalamba katundu wa mankhwala a matenda tincture makungwa, pachimake, zipatso ndi ebone maluwa. Ankaganizanso kuti mbale nkhuni wakuda akhoza n'chongoletsa ziphe.

Mozambicans kuti izi ebone tsiku ntchito ngati chomera mankhwala. Ntchito infusions kuchokera pakati, makungwa, masamba ndi maluwa. Ankachita zachipatala inhalation wa utsi malungo, kupweteka kwa mutu, chifuwa. Mankhwala zochokera mizu ya mtengowo ndi ntchito kupweteka m'mimba.

Ena zosiyanasiyana ebone

Mwezi ebone sali ngati mitundu ina ebone nkhuni chifukwa kumasiyana dongosolo zachilendo, n'kupanga Mzere chodabwitsa. Mtundu matabwa mwina mitundu iliyonse ku mdima kuyatsa chikasu ndi yochitidwa. Ndi kudula mtengo, kokha mwa mawonekedwe ake, mtundu wa nkhuni sichingapezeke. Mtundu uwu wa yosowa kwambiri, mungapeze yekha m'nkhalango moti kwa Philippines. Mutu yekha kudula mitengo, amene zaka wafika zaka 400 kapena kuposa.

Madagascar ebone chikamakula, monga momwe adalowa dzina zikusonyeza, pachilumba cha Madagascar, ndi Seychelles. Wood anthracite wakuda, odulidwa atsopano ake ali ndi zachitsulo Sheen.

Ceylon ebone - mmodzi wa mitundu ya mtengo kwambiri ku nkalati. Chimakula mu Malaysia, Indonesia, Ceylon. Wood mtundu - woderapo.

Cameroonian ebone ali ndi mtundu kwambiri wakuda, nkotheka imvi milozo. Kalasi ambiri ebone. Ofunika zosakwana mitundu ina chifukwa pores lotseguka nkhuni.

Makassar ebone umakhala Indonesia. sapwood ake ndi chikasu woyera, wakuda pachimake ali chitsanzo khalidwe la zingwe za mithunzi brownish.

Chifukwa wapadera katundu wawo nkhuni ndi mu ankafuna mkulu, komanso chakuti mpaka zaka chofunika likhale zaka zoposa zana, ebone ndi ayamba osowa. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1994, ebone m'gulu pangozi.

Mwanaalirenji zinthu zopangidwa nkhuni mitengo yofunika kwambiri ku nkalati, ndi chipangizo ndi mtengo yokongola.