Hydroxide sodium, ake thupi katundu ndi mankhwala:

Sodium hydroxide kapena caustic koloko - zochita kupanga pawiri m'dziko la gulu la zapansi kapena hydroxides. Komanso mu njira ndi kunja mankhwala otchedwa caustic koloko. dzina Common - caustic koloko - zinali chifukwa kanthu ake amphamvu zikuwononga.

Izi olimba woyera crystalline mankhwala ndi hygroscopicity, kusungunuka pa madigiri 328. Sodium hydroxide mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi ndipo ndi electrolyte amphamvu. Pamene dissociation chitatha mu cation zitsulo ndi ayoni hydroxide.

Pa kuvunda mu madzi imagwiritsidwa yogwira pawiri - soda - sopo amaona. Zimenezi atuluka mofulumira kwambiri - ndi kutsitsi ndi kutentha. Iwo unamenya caustic kwa khungu ndi nembanemba mucous amachititsa zilonda zamoto mankhwala, pamene inu ntchito, muyenera kukhala osamala ndi kuteteza manja anu ndi maso. Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi mankhwala kwa epithelium kapena maso, pakamwa, m'pofunika atangomva m'madera okhudzidwa akhoza osambitsidwa ndi madzi ndi yankho ofooka acetic (2%) kapena boron (3%) asidi, ndiyeno kachiwiri ndi madzi. Pambuyo popereka chithandizo mwadzidzidzi wovulalayo ayenera kupita kuchipatala.

Sodium hydroxide (mankhwala opangidwa ndi pawiri - NaOH, struturnaya - NaOH) - mankhwala mankhwala zambiri, ndipo zimenezi akhoza kutani ndi onse zochita kupanga ndi ku zinthu organic. Azindikire izo mu njira amadzimadzi adzakhala Mkhalidwe anachita kwa ion hydroxide ndi zosiyanasiyana zizindikiro. Choncho, litmus chizindikiro amakhala mdima buluu, methyl lalanje - chikasu, ndipo phenolphthalein - rasipiberi, mmene mphamvu ya mtundu kudzadalira pa ndende ya soda.

ndi sodium Gidrksid kulowa anachita chotero:

1. neutralization ndi zidulo, oxides asidi ndi mankhwala amphoteric. The chifukwa cha linachepa ndi mapangidwe madzi ndi mchere gidroksokompleka kapena - zinachitikira anachita ndi zapansi ndi oxides amphoteric;

2. kuwombola ndi mchere;

3. ndi zitsulo ali mu mzere ndi wa hydrogen Beketova elektorhimichesky ndipo ali ndi kuthekera otsika;

4. sanali zitsulo ndi halogens;

4. hydrolysis esters;

5. saponification ndi mafuta (linakhazikitsidwa sopo ndi glycerin);

6. anachita ndi alcohols (alkoxides umatulutsa mankhwala).

Komanso mu mawonekedwe osungunula caustic koloko zingawononge zadothi ndi galasi, ndi kukhalapo kwa mpweya - chitsulo wolemekezeka (pulatinamu).

hydroxide ndi sodium akhoza kukhala okonzeka ndi njira:

1. electrolysis wa amadzimadzi NaCl (zakulera ndi Kakhungu njira)
2. mankhwala (laimu ndi njira ferrite).

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, njira zambiri ntchito zochokera electrolysis, chifukwa ali yopindulitsa kwambiri.

Caustic koloko chotchuka kwambiri ndi ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri - zodzikongoletsera, zamkati ndi pepala, mankhwala, nsalu, chakudya. Izo ntchito monga zowonjezera E-524, kwa degassing malo ndi pokonza biodiesel.

Choncho, sodium hydroxide, - ndi sopo, umene wakhala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana za ntchito za anthu chifukwa chikhalidwe chake mankhwala zotakasika.