Kufanizitsa chikhalidwe

Kufanizitsa amatanthauza njira sayansi, zochokera kugawa zinthu dongosolo ndi grouping awo ndi chitsanzo generalizing. Kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi limapezeka milandu amenewa m'pofunika kuthetsa vutolo mafotokozedwe mwadongosolo ndi malongosoledwe a kuika zinthu, sakanikira zikuchokera.

Kufanizitsa chikhalidwe ndi Mkhalidwe ndi yokulirapo makhalidwe a chikhalidwe kukhalapo. Izo zili zenizeni mitundu mbiri ya chipembedzo, fuko ndi fuko, dera ndi dera lawo, ndi ena.

Kufanizitsa chikhalidwe ndi chimodzi cha nkhani onena ndi maganizo chiphunzitso ano. Kuona udindo wa zili zamalankhulidwe zoyembekezeka mfundo zikuluzikulu, monga amene anapanga nkhani zauzimu kusanthula ndipo akutchula makhalidwe ambiri.

Mbiri kufanizitsa chikhalidwe ndi zifukwa zosiyana ndi malangizo. Zikhulupiriro olemba anali akatswiri, nzeru ena, ethnographers kumunda, ojambula zithunzi, madokotala ndi theorists. Mu kuphunzira kufanizitsa chikhalidwe wakhala ntchito ambiri m'zaka 18-19. Ndiye asayansi anali chidwi pa kupeza dongosolo limodzi.

Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha zovuta kapangidwe ongolankhula pofika cha m'ma 19 anakhazikitsa tione mtundu. Dongosolo Marxist unakhazikitsidwa pa iwo. Weber njira ina kwa mtima wa mitundu abwino. Ndipo mu Chaanthu American yafalikira njira yomanga.

Kufanizitsa chikhalidwe, monga njira kafukufuku, zochokera mtima kusiyana ndi kufanana kwa zinthu. Cholinga Pankhaniyi mu sanjira Pantchito za structuring ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo kuti amatsatira. M'munsi ntchito mfundo typological liwulo malangizo a kafukufuku ongolankhula.

The mfundo monga: formational, cilamulo, kutukuka, achipembedzo, dera ndi dera lawo, zaziwerengero ndi zina. Iwo amakhala mogwirizana ndi wauzimu phindu lathu, chipembedzo, khalidwe la ubwenzi ndi chikhalidwe ndi zitsanzo chakale, dongosolo la makhalidwe ndi njira.

Ambiri mu sayansi zoweta imatengedwa formational njira. mfundo mfundo za kugwirizana ndi njira lalikulu kupanga. M'mawu ena, kodi akafuna kupanga ichi ndi chikhalidwe: ndi capitalist, kapolo kukhala, wosazindikira limodzi ndi zina zotero.

Civilizational njira ntchito ndi olemba ambiri. chithandizo umadalira pa kamvedwe ka mawu akuti "chitukuko". Kusanthula chikhalidwe malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi, olemba ambiri kuti afike pomvetsetsa kuti mavuto obwera chifukwa cha njira chitukuko.

Mfundo cilamulo amalola kuchita kafukufuku malinga ndi malingaliro ofala anthu.

Malinga ndi mfundo za chikhalidwe achipembedzo lagawidwa akale ndi ina imene gosodstvuet mawonekedwe a zipembedzo dziko (Muslim, Akhristu, Abuda, etc.). M'mawu ena, gulu imagwiridwa mogwirizana ndi mayendedwe awiri zikhulupiriro: mmodzi ndi kupembedza milungu yambiri.

Malinga ndi mfundo regionally-Kupititsa anachita ndi kusanthula chikhalidwe mbali khalidwe generality amene ali chibadidwe mu chigawo chomwe mufuna.

Malinga chiwerengero wapezeka mbali ndi generality mbali jenda ndi zaka. Komanso, ali n'komwe ndi anthu osalimba, zikuchokera, kukula, ntchito.

Komabe, kwambiri okhazikika bwino ndipo kwafalikira chikhalidwe zinachitika mfundo. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe anatsimikiza mtima, mfundo zambiri zofunika zauzimu. Lero pali mitundu ingapo ya mbiri chikhalidwe European. Kuphatikizapo wamkulu mfundo zachilengedwe ndi yophiphiritsa.

Kufanizitsa a chikhalidwe ndale malinga ndi boma boma anakhazikitsa njira ya kukwaniritsidwa kwa mphamvu, anthu amaonera pa kapangidwe ka mphamvu ndi zina zotero.