Magawo chachikulu cha chitukuko cha chiphunzitso zachuma

mfundo zikuluzikulu, mfundo ndi mawu a chuma sizinachitike mwadzidzidzi. Anali chifukwa cha kusanduka yaitali sayansi ndi kulitsatira kuchita. Patapita nthawi, zinadziwika kuti ambiri mwa mafunso munthu yekhayo kukwaniritsa ntchito zachuma ndi kupanga. Iwo apanga zinthu zofunika.

Information za zoyesayesa loyamba kuphunzira zinthu zina za ndondomeko chikhalidwe angapezeke mu ntchito za anzeru wakale Rome, Egypt, Greece, India ndi China. Onse anayang'ana pa nkhani zokhudza chuma, ndalama, malonda, misonkho, ulimi, zogona ndi zina zotero. Koma mbiri yeniyeni ya chitukuko ya zachuma monga dongosolo la kuzindikira kumayamba yekha ndi atumwi X VI. Ichi ndi chifukwa watsopano, chikhalidwe ambiri a zachuma msika.

Magawo chachikulu cha chitukuko cha chiphunzitso chuma, ndi zofunika kudziwa zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba, nkhani mapangidwe sayansi panyengo zosiyanasiyana mbiri ndi mchikakamizo cha osiyana chikhalidwe kudzakuthandizani kumvetsa bwino apano pa nthaka mfundo zawo za ganizo la makono ndi matabwa ake.

Chachiwiri, mudziwe mmene pochitika zigawo zikuluzikulu chitukuko cha chiphunzitso zachuma, kuthandiza kuti wosamalitsa ndipo kwambiri chiweruzo cha andale pano. Wodziwa munthu chingayerekezedwe ndi mawu amenewa ndi zochitika zimene zinachitika m'mbuyomu, ndipo sangagwelenso kumbuyo pa mbedza.

Ndipo chachitatu, pofufuza magawo chachikulu cha chitukuko cha chiphunzitso zachuma, aliyense chidwi ndithu Ufumuyo chuma cha chikhalidwe dziko. Motero, iye ennobles maganizo, kuwonjezera worldview amaona zenizeni kwambiri.

Magawo chachikulu cha chitukuko cha chiphunzitso zachuma wanenedwa zochokera akulowera osachepera awiri; absolutist ndi relativistic. Otsiriza a iwo kuganizira chodabwitsa chilichonse mbiri pa nkhani ya chipembedzo, ndale ndi zina nkhani yeniyeni nyengo. Absolutist njira amachokera chakuti chiphunzitso kupangika pamodzi ndi patsogolo kupitiriza wa maganizo olakwika kukhala zoona.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza yekha magawo woyamba wa chitukuko cha chiphunzitso chuma mawu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana relativistic njira absolutist.

1. Mercantilism. Gululi izi azimuth ndiwo chuma ankaona malonda zolowa ukulu. Patsogolo Zimapezeka ndi kudzikundikira golide ndi ndalama zasiliva. Oimira azimuth izi: T. Mann, A. Montchretien. Amaonetsa ndi kuteteza zofuna za bourgeoisie, amene amagulitsa katundu m'nthawi ya chitukuko cha malonda ena ndi kudzikundikira likulu chachikulu.

2. physiocrats. Mosiyana mercantilists anayamba kufufuza kuchuluka kwa kupanga, osati mwachindunji kuchuluka zolowa. Physiocrats ankanena kuti ntchito za ulimi - chofunika, gwero woona wa patsogolo. Iwo sankakayikira kuti zamakampani, zamalonda zoyendera - ndi dera la ntchito zaonongeka kuti amalola kuti yekha kubisa ndalama za kukhalako. Koma phindu la iwo mwamtheradi musati kubweretsa kwa anthu. Nawo maganizo a Physiocrats: Nora D., A. Turgot, F. Quesnay, Mirabeau B ..

3. Chakale ndale chuma. Iwo anachokera chitukuko cha bizinesi. oyambitsa ake anazindikira Ricardo, William Zing'onozing'ono, Adam Smith. Maso onse lolunjika pa kusanthula zochitika zachuma mu chitukuko cha dera kupanga chikhalidwe. Iwo anayambitsa zachuma chakale kuti anayambitsa chinthu monga "chiphunzitso ntchito ya mtengo." iwo amatengedwa kuti dongosolo msika amatha kudziletsa lamulo.

4. Marxism. Anayambitsa kukuchititsa zimenezi anapita. Marxists anaunikanso bwanji kukhala mitundu ya mtengo yosiyanasiyana awo, anapereka maganizo zina pa ndalama, zokolola, kubereka, mavuto a zachuma , ndi lendi pansi.