Kapangidwe ka chikumbumtima

chikumbumtima dongosolo imavuta kwambiri - chifukwa chakuti chodabwitsa cha chikumbumtima yodziwika ndi ambiguity. Zimenezi anali woyamba ananenera Sigmund Freud. Woganiza anayambitsa koyamba mu akuti "preconscious" zolowa - kukhazikitsa kulankhulana mwagwirizana pakati njira atakomoka chifukwa cha ntchito maganizo, ndi chikumbu anthu. Komano, Freud anasiya lingaliro ili. Mu ntchito yake ina, iye akufuna latsopano Kapangidwe ka psyche kuti: mosadziŵa - amazindikira - superconscious.

maziko ake (Freud) zimapanga njira chikomokere woimira ena maganizo nyemba mphamvu, ndi zilakolako yeniyeni ya anthu Azidzazifuna. Kapangidwe ka chikumbumtima simaphatikiza zonsezi. Nawonso, ndi cholinga, kuti ndi kuyesetsa kukhala yomweyo kukhuta. njira chikomokere, kukhala kunja kwa chikumbumtima, ndi asanaonane ndi dzikoli. njira zimenezi zimakhalira monga zinachitikira kwenikweni ndi zikhumbo mwadzidzidzi kudziwa kuti displaces wotuluka kapangidwe ka chikumbumtima. Freud ankakhulupirira kuti zinthu zonsezi zimadalira mawu a mphamvu zamatsenga za chilakolako chogonana - libido. Choncho, nzeru zapamwamba anazindikira kuti atakomoka chifukwa cha ukapolo anthu auzimu.

ntchito Mental, monga Freud ndinaganiza, zikuphatikizapo "Ine" - gawo limene munthu amatha zonse ndi ulamuliro. Kapangidwe ka chikumbumtima amalola yomanga mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana khalidwe, kuneneratu zakambidwa, amasonyeza dziko kunja.

Munjira ina, "Ine" ndi mkhalapakati "pakati pa Ndi" (mosadziŵa) ndi dziko kunja, pakati pa zikhumbo ndi mtima pa dzanja limodzi ndipo ndakhutitsidwa awo ndi dzanja ena. Pa limagwirira chimodzimodzi ndikukhazikitsa zochita usasirire munthu ndi udindo wake abwino.

The chigawo chachitatu cha psyche Freud superconscious ( "superego"). Awa ndi mankhwala amene amakonzedwa kwa chikhalidwe cha chikumbumtima. Izi makamaka monga Zamakhalidwe, miyambo, dongosolo ena a malamulo oletsa ndi malangizo. munthu zonse amaphunzira, ndi onse kuti ayenera kuonedwa pamene tikugwira ntchito yomwe inakhazikitsidwa. Malinga Freud, "wapamwamba-wokonda" mu chikumbumtima akuwonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a chikumbumtima. Ndiko kuti, chigawo zimenezi zimachititsa munthu kudziona ndi kulakwa, manyazi, ndi zina zotero. D.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, Freud anazindikira kuti kwambiri kuthamanga "superego" (mudziko la m'Chibama kwa akuluakulu onse) amalimbikitsa mapangidwe umunthu zosalongosoka, izo deforms, kutsogolera munthu mu dziko zabodza. Ndi mavuto "wapamwamba-wokonda" pa gawo, kumlingo chikwiyire kuwonjezera mphamvu ya chikomokere. Pankhaniyi, mosadziŵa akuyamba kupitirira chikoka amazindikira pa iye ndi "Ine". Pa nkhani imeneyi, Freud adakhulupirira afunefune mawonekedwe mulingo woyenera, umene kuphatikiza yakuti "" ndi "superego."

ndi kapangidwe ka chikumbumtima akufuna ndi olemba ena chiyani?

Akatswiri ambiri apeza zinthu zinayi.

Woyamba zokhudzana ndi zochita za anthu, pa maziko amene pali chidziwitso chiyambidwe dziko. Choncho ntchito ngati njira ya cognition, monga choimira, kuzindikira, zotengeka.

Mbali yachiwiri likugwirizana maganizo zomveka. Chamene pano ndi kumvetsa mfundo zazikulu za chowonadi zakuthupi. Chifukwa chaichi, inferences, mfundo, ziweruzo.

A Mbali yachitatu imatengedwa kuchuluka kwa, nazo zotengera malingaliridwe maganizo. The maganizo chigawo mu nkhani iyi alibe limasonyeza mwachindunji ndi dzikoli.

Mbali lachinayi ankaona kuti chinthu chofunika, angalimbikitsire. Zimatanthauza zolinga apamwamba, zolinga zauzimu za munthu, luso lake mwakuya kumasulira zenizeni mu mawonekedwe a yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale, m'maganizo, zongopeka.

Epistemological dongosolo la chikumbumtima amafuna kuti malingaliro a nkhani kudziwa, m'mawu ena digiri mbali zosiyana za ntchito anthu, kuphatikizapo akuluakulu ofanana. Pankhaniyi, tikambirana zosiyanasiyana nkhani. Kapangidwe cha chikumbumtima ndale zikuphatikizapo zinthu monga malingaliro komanso sayansi mphamvu. Komanso, aliyense chigawo ali wapadera yake tanthauzo.