Kapangidwe ka anthu makutu, nsagwada ndi mutu.

Kapangidwe ka khutu la munthu - unyolo wonse wa njira Makutu, amene ali ofunika kuti tingawononge kungakhale kovuta kwambiri.

Ndiyamika m'madipatimenti zinayi, ife tikhoza kudzayambira phokoso aliyense zimene zatizungulira. Zooneka kwambiri kuti thupi lathuli ndi pinna ndi kumbuyo m'njira akunja khutu. Malinga ndi izo, phokoso akudutsa kwa khutu pakati. Ngati khutu lakunja pansi mapindikidwe pobadwa, phokoso bwinobwino pochitika zosatheka. Komanso kumva mododoma chifukwa sulfure, amene nthawi zambiri zoletsedwa ngalande khutu.

Ziribe kanthu momwe ife anayang'ana pa Kapangidwe ka khutu la munthu, khutu pakati, sitikuchiona. Komabe, ndipo aikidwa pambuyo likalowa m'makutu a. Middle khutu M'mimbamo Choncho wodzazidwa ndi mpweya, koma pamaso pa matenda aliwonse ndi wodzazidwa ndi madzi. Kulephera kuyenda likalowa m'makutu akusonyeza pamaso pa madzi, kutupa kapena matenda ena.

Kenako, kapangidwe ka khutu anthu ukufanizidwa ndi makutu mumtima, umene zili pafupi zikwi makumi anayi maselo tsitsi. Iwo catchers lamayimbidwe Phokoso la mafurikwense osiyana ndi magudumu ofooka nyemba magetsi opatsirana ku ubongo, makamaka makungwa ake. Kuwonongeka kapena imfa ya maselo tsitsi ndi pakamwapo kwa nyemba magetsi, chifukwa mu kwambiri kumva imfa.

Cochlea ndipo Makutu malo ubongo ndi ndime kwa Makutu ulusi mitsempha. zikhumbo magetsi ochokera ku cochlea ndi, kufika madera Makutu a ubongo, mavuto ndiponso zopinga nawo pa ulendo wawo, kupotoza kuchimva. Zimakhala bwinobwino, asowetsedwa.

Kapangidwe ka khutu la munthu si kophweka kumva chithandizo, chimene chimafuna mwapadera ndi kukonza mosamala.

Kapangidwe ka nsagwada anthu - ichi ndi limagwirira zovuta, imene pa koyamba zikuoneka kuti yekha amachita ntchito ya kutafuna. Komabe, siziri choncho.

Zofunika kwambiri ndi chapamwamba nsagwada awiri ili chapamwamba kutsogolo m'chigawo cha chigaza nkhope. Chikhochi ndi chimodzi mwa mafupa pneumatic kuti apange nkusani maxillary.

Fupa lokha ukufanizidwa ndi thupi ndi njira zinayi. Thupi ali pamalo anayi: yozungulira, kutsogolo, mphuno, ndi infratemporal. njira fupa ndi mazunzo, zygomatic, mazunzo ndi gawo alveolar.

M'munsi nsagwada fupa ukufanizidwa unpaired. Payokha ndi lalikulu ndi wangwiro, ndi amachepetsa awiri symmetrical zimene zinaphatikizidwa mu fupa limodzi pakati pa chaka choyamba cha moyo. Nsagwada m'munsi chili ndi thupi ndi awiri nthambi flattened. Thupi la mandible chifukwa m'munsi ndi pamwamba. Kumtunda bwino mu otchedwa alveolar fupa. Mbali nsagwada m'munsi imalongosola makona a mandible lapansi. The chifukwa cha mano chimadalira pa chidziwitso cha Kapangidwe ka m'munsi nsagwada fupa.

Kapangidwe ka mutu anthu - ndi kapangidwe a Chigaza, amene anagawa pawiri - nkhope ndi ubongo.

Brain gawo ndi mazunzo, awiri parietal, awiri wosakhalitsa, occipital ndi mafupa ena. mafupa zonsezi chitetezo chodalirika ubongo. Osiyana mafupa cranial cholukanalukana msoko zovuta, chokhala mano a Ng'ona pawiri chimene aliyense Mgwirizano zikutanthauza recess ake.

Mkati ubongo a Chigaza ikuyimiridwa ndi M'mimbamo wodzala ndi ubongo.

Mbali kutsogolo ali awiri mafupa: maxillary, zygomatic, m'mphuno, palatal, mandibular wapamwamba kuposa aliyense. Mafupa ukukhudzana ndi mzake fixedly.

Komanso mu gawo kutsogolo kwa M'mimbamo m'mphuno kumeneko, mkamwa ndi zitsulo ziwiri.

Diso zitsulo ali maonekedwe a maganizo, limene lili m'diso mwake, ndi lathuli ndi tangle la misempha, minofu ndi mitsempha ya magazi.

The m'mphuno lagawidwa ndi kugawa mu amachepetsa awiri, omwe ali ndi mwapang'ono ndime m'mphuno.

M'mimbamo m'kamwa ndi wosiyana mphuno ndi thandizo la Palatine fupa ndi njira maxillary. Iwo njanjira ndi nsagwada pamwamba ndi pansi.