Monga catalysts kwachilengedwenso amatchedwa? The michere monga catalysts kwachilengedwenso

Thupi la munthu wotchedwa fakitale amuzolengedwa kwathunthu pachabe. Ndipotu, mphindi iliyonse ya izo zikuchitika zikwi, masauzande makutidwe ndi okosijeni, pogawanikana pamawere kumasuka ndi zochita zina. Kuti zimawathandiza Zitatero woterowo liwiro lalikulu, kupereka mukachipinda ndi mphamvu, chakudya ndi mpweya?

Lingaliro la catalysts ndi

Onse umagwirira zochita kupanga ndi organic ankagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera angathe mofulumira zochita mankhwala zikwi, ndi zina zomwe anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Dzina la mankhwala awa - "catalysts". Mu umagwirira zochita kupanga ndi oxides zitsulo, pulatinamu, siliva, faifi tambala ndi ena.

kanthu yaikulu - mapangidwe maofesi zosakhalitsa ndi zimene ophunzira, ndi kutsitsa kutsegula mphamvu za ndondomeko ikuchitika kangapo mofulumira. Kenako, zovuta linawola ndi ukulu akhoza chimaonekera chothandizira mofanana Mkhalidwe ndi kachulukidwe zikuchokera monga isanayambe ndondomekoyi.

Pali yachiwiriyo kwa zochita othandizira:

• homogeneous - ndi accelerator ndi ophunzira m'chigawo chomwecho cha loitanirana;
• sakanikira - accelerator ndi ophunzira mu maiko osiyana, pali mawonekedwe.

Komanso, pali otsutsana zotsatira za mankhwala - zoletsa. Cholinga chake ndi liwiro anachita zotani zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, iwo akhoza kuchepetsa nthawi mapangidwe dzimbiri.

catalysts Tizilombo tinabadwa wosiyana zochita kupanga, ndipo katundu wawo kutchula. Choncho, zamoyo catalysis wina.

Michere - ndichiyani?

Iwo imatsimikizirika kuti ngati zotsatira za zinthu mwapadera kuti imathandizira njira zina ikuchitika mwa zamoyo, ndi zambiri apulo m'mimba idzakhala m'mimba kwa masiku awiri. Pakuti nthawi imaeneyi kuti ayamba njira ya kuvunda ndi lawola kuledzera chakudya. Komabe, izi sizichitika, ndi chipatso kwathunthu kukonzedwa kale ndi theka. Chitani ndi kwachilengedwenso catalysts, ndiwo zochuluka alipo zikuchokera aliyense chamoyo. Koma zomwe iwo ali ndi kuchita zimenezo zachokera?

catalysts Tizilombo mapuloteni chikhalidwe - ndi michere. maziko awo - zovuta structural bungwe, okhala angapo katundu yeniyeni. Mwachidule, uwu mapuloteni wapadera amatha kutsitsa kutsegula mphamvu zako ku zamoyo ndi kukhazikitsa pa mlingo choposa mfundo mwachizolowezi nthawi mamilioni angapo.

Pali zitsanzo zambiri za mamolekyu otere:

• catalase;
• amylase;
• oxidoreductases;
• shuga oxidase;
• lipase;
• invertase;
• lysozyme;
• protease ndi ena.

Choncho, tinganene kuti michere - kwachilengedwenso catalysts za chikhalidwe mapuloteni, amene zinthu accelerators wamphamvu, kuwapangitsa zikwi njira ku zamoyo ndi liwiro kwambiri. zochita zawo n'zochokera pa chimbudzi cha, makutidwe ndi okosijeni, kuchepetsa.

Kufanana catalysts zochita kupanga mapuloteni

The michere monga catalysts zotere ena katundu zofanana ndi zochita kupanga. Kwa iwo ndi izi:

1. Thermodynamically zotheka imathandizira anachita.
2. Zilibe bwanji kosangalatsa wa mankhwala mgwirizano mu kachitidwe mgwirizano ndi liwiro onse patsogolo ndi kuigonjetsa.
3. Chifukwa, mu zimene ndi katundu yekha, chothandizira si pakati pawo.

Komabe, popanda kufanana, palinso zinthu zina michere ya.

Kusiyana malingana ndi chikhalidwe

catalysts Tizilombo Mbali angapo omwe:

1. The digiri yapamwamba ya selectivity. I.e. mapuloteni munthu amatha yambitsa okha anachita kapena gulu ofanana. Nthawi zambiri ntchito chiwembu "enzyme - gawo lapansi ndi ndondomeko."
2. Mlingo kwambiri mkulu wa ntchito, chifukwa ena mitundu ya mapuloteni amatha imathandizira anachita mamiliyoni a nthawi.
3. Michere ndi amadalira kwambiri zinthu zachilengedwe. Kodi umagwira ntchito mwa wina kutentha osiyanasiyana. Amagwiritsidwanso kwambiri ndi pH a. Pali ngodya yokhota kusonyeza kufunika osachepera, pazipita ndi akadakwanitsira magawanidwe aliyense enzyme.
4. Pali mankhwala wakupambulika dzinache effectors, kuti amatha ziletsa chikhalidwe zamoyo chothandizira kapena, Tikawonetsetsa ali kulimbikitsa iwo.
5. The gawo lapansi limene enzyme ntchito, ayenera mosamalitsa yeniyeni. Pali chiphunzitso wotchedwa kiyi ndi loko. Anafotokoza limagwirira enzyme kanthu pa gawo lapansi. chothandizira, monga makiyi, ndi ophatikizidwa mu gawo lapansi ndi malo ake yogwira, ndi zimene amasankha.
6. Pambuyo ndondomeko enzyme ndi pang'ono kapena psiti.

Choncho, n'zoonekeratu kuti mtengo waukulu kwambiri catalysts mapuloteni kwa zamoyo. Komabe, zochita zawo ndi nkhani malamulo ndi chilengedwe kumangidwanso.

Kuphunzira catalysis kusukulu

Monga mbali ya maphunziro anaphunzira monga catalysts mu umagwirira ndi zamoyo. Umagwirira phunziro iwo anaphunzira mawu zipangizo ntchito syntheses mafakitale, kulandira zosiyanasiyana mankhwala. catalysts kwachilengedwenso imatengedwa mu kalasi zamoyo. Kalasi 9 kumaphatikizapo kuphunzira zamoyo ndi sayansi ndizosowa maselo. Choncho, pa izi mlingo wa maphunziro , ophunzira kupeza nzeru zina za mmene michere ya mankhwala yogwira mu matupi zamoyo.

Pa maphunziro imachitika zatsopano natsimikiza ntchito mankhwala zinthu zimenezi pa kutentha ndi pH ranges chindunji:

• phunziro zotsatira za hydrogen peroxide monga chothandizira kwa kaloti yosakongola ndi yophika;
• amawamvetsera nyama (kutentha mankhwala ndipo yaiwisi), mbatata ndi zina.

The michere mu thupi

Wophunzira aliyense amene anagwirizana ndipo anapanga mokwanira mzere pafupifupi kugwirizana mapangidwe amadziwa otchedwa catalysts kwachilengedwenso. Michere m'thupi ndi mosamalitsa yeniyeni specialization. Choncho n'zotheka dzina catalyzing wothandizila aliyense ndondomeko.

Choncho, michere zonse za thupi zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu angapo:

• oxidoreductase, mwachitsanzo, catalase kapena dehydrogenase mowa;
• transferase - Kenazi;
• hydrolases zofunika kwa chimbudzi: pepsin, amylase, lipoprotein lipase, esterase ndi monga;
• ligase, mwachitsanzo, ndi DNA polymerase;
• isomerase;
• lyase.

Popeza mankhwala awa ndi mapuloteni mu chikhalidwe, komanso kuipidwa wa mavitamini mu zikuchokera, malungo ndi zinadzala denaturing dongosolo, ndipo chotero, kuthetsedwa kwa zochita zonse amuzolengedwa. Pankhaniyi, thupi pafupi imfa. Choncho, kutentha thupi chofunika kuti atsitse akudwala.

Ntchito catalysts mapuloteni mu makampani

Nthawi zambiri, michere ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana mafakitale :

• mankhwala;
• nsalu;
• chakudya.

Pa maalumali munakwanisa kuona pakhungu ndi detergents ndi okhutira michere - ichi ndi michere kuti kuwongolera ochapira zovala.

ndi catalysts kwachilengedwenso chiyani?

Musaone phindu zovuta. Ndipotu, osati kulola zamoyo ndi moyo, kupuma, kudya, sonyezani kagayidwe, komanso amatipatsa mwayi kuti awononge zinyalala mafakitale, kulandira mankhwala Kuteteza ndi kusunga thanzi lawo ndi chilengedwe.