Ndi kumalo ozizira covalent ubale Kodi

Kumalo ozizira covalent chomangira - ndi mtundu umodzi wa mgwirizano mankhwala pakati pa maatomu nkhani kudzera amene mamolekyulu ndi kupangidwa. Ngati mawu "kulankhulana" mavuto ndi kumvetsa zimachokeradi, mawu akuti "covalent" ndi "kumalo ozizira" wosaphunzitsidwa munthu osadziwika (kumene, malinga ndi maphunziro zimapangidwira ndi sanaiwale).

Choncho, mawu akuti "covalent" likuchokera ku "Ko" ndi "-valenta", lomwe limatanthauza mphamvu mbali imodzi. Ndithudi, mphamvu kuti akhoza kuphatikiza maatomu awiri molekyulu ndi, reconfiguring elekitironi zipolopolo awo mu dongosolo limodzi. Popeza mitima ya onse ngofanana, likuzungulira ma elekitironi lembani osati "kunja" mbali, komanso kusiyana ma atomu. Tikhoza kunena kuti ndi covalent muzikondana. Choncho ngati dongosolo wapawiri anachita zitakwanira ya kasinthidwe ya pakompyuta, kuyambira mlandu zonyamulira ndi wowonjezera chipolopolo zimavuta maatomu. Onani kuti peyala ya ma elekitironi zipangizo izi mtundu kulankhulana.

chimake ina mliriwu angatchedwe mtundu ion kugwirizana. Popeza ion ndi aumbike pamene atomu wotaya ndi elekitironi, kumachitika pamene zoipa mlandu onyamula kuwombola, ndilo khalidwe kwa maatomu zinthu zosiyana (mwachitsanzo, fluorine, ndi sodium wochuluka).

Kumalo ozizira covalent chomangira - ndi njira zokhwima. Mtundu akufanana ndi "oyera covalent" kuti ndipamene maselo yozungulira (kuyanjana zili m'njira), ndipo ion m'menemo tsankho "kumakoka" mlandu zonyamulira. awiri ali ankatembenukira mmodzi wa ma atomu, koma osati kwathunthu kusiya zone wina. Chitsanzo imene sewero la kumalo ozizira covalent chomangira - madzi molekyulu. Latha chipolopolo analengedwa ndi kaphatikizidwe wina mpweya atomu ndi awiri a hydrogen. Komabe, popeza mpweya ali ndi mphamvu yapadera kwambiri kukopa ma elekitironi, nthunzi chimachititsanso awo phata ndi "O". Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, si maatomu kofunika kupanga nsapato ma elekitironi kungakhale ziwiri, zitatu, etc. Kumalo ozizira covalent chomangira amalenga dongosolo woyang'anira yogawa (tsankho) ndipo monga Motero, polarity. Pali zochokera mamolekyulu mizere wakumunda. Inu mukhoza kunena kuti chifukwa lafalitsidwa ukapezeka ndi achilendo maselo dipole. mphindi yake (Mu) ndipo amapanga za magetsi kumunda mwamphamvu. Pali zingapo mitunduyi kwa kuwerengetsa ndi dipole mphindi (makamaka mankhwala a mtunda pa mlandu), iwo akhoza kuwerengera mtengo chimafotokozera za polarity wa molekyulu ndi.

M'mawu ena, ndi kumalo ozizira covalent chomangira akhoza kupangidwa ndi maatomu, lomwe ngakhale electronegativity osiyana, koma si zokwanira kupanga ubale amaayoni. Tiyeni tione zimene electronegativity. Mawu amenewa amanena za luso la atomu makamaka kukopa kwathunthu ake anapanga (-th) awiri mlandu zonyamulira negative. Mwachionekere, malinga ndi lamulo la kusamala mphamvu zomangira zambiri atomiki, chindichepere kutalika kwake. Childs, covalent kumalo ozizira chomangira khalidwe la atomu, makhalidwe mankhwala ofanana. Iwo amakhala ndi lathu ndi okhudza malo. Zimenezi zimathandiza osati mapangidwe mamolekyulu, komanso kophimba galasi limene maatomu imakonzedwa mu dongosolo geometrically zolondola.

Popeza kugwirizana Ndipotu, ndi superposition awiri (kapena kuposa) la elekitironi mitambo za thupi maatomu osiyana, mphamvu, zimadalira kwenikweni mmene mwamphamvu anakuta amapezeka. N'zosavuta kumvetsa kuti mwa kulenga awiriawiri, internuclear kusiyana mtengo wa elekitironi amalemera kwambiri.