Kugwirizana kwathunthu: zikalata zofunikira. Chikhazikitso cha bungwe lalamulo

Kugwirizana kwathunthu ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri ya mgwirizano. Masiku ano amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza, koma amalonda ena amakondabebe. Amene adasankha kupanga bungwe lathunthu, zikalata zomwe ziyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale, ndibwino kuti tiwerenge malamulo a kulembedwa kwa bungwe.

Kodi mgwirizanowu ndi wotani?

Kugwirizana kwathunthu ndi mtundu umodzi wa mgwirizano wa zachuma umene ophunzira agwirizanitsa mogwirizana ndi ntchito zamalonda. Wophunzira aliyense (kapena gulu lonse) ali ndi udindo wodalirika bwino, kutanthauza kuti, ali ndi udindo wopanda malire.

Civil Code ikulemba mgwirizano wonse, malemba omwe amasonyeza zinthu izi:

- zimakhazikitsidwa potsatira mgwirizano;

- Amzanga okwana onse akuyenera kuchita nawo ntchito za bungwe;

- ali ndi ufulu womwewo monga bungwe lalamulo;

- cholinga chachikulu ndikuchita ntchito zogulitsa;

- udindo wa ophunzira onse ulibe malire.

Pali malamulo kwa iwo amene akufuna kukhala membala wa mgwirizano wathunthu. Pansi pa lamulo, amalonda amodzi akhoza kukhala iwo, monga bungwe lirilonse la malonda (malinga ndi Gawo 66 la Civil Code).

Posankha dzina la chiyanjano chathunthu, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti liyenera kukhala ndi mawu oti "mgwirizano wamphumphu" ndi mayina a onse omwe akugwira nawo ntchito, kapena mayina a ophunzira angapo, koma onetsetsani kuti "kuyanjana kwathunthu" kapena "kampani." Chitsanzo cha mgwirizano wathunthu ndi Ivanov olimba ndi kampani.

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Chiyanjano chathunthu, zolembedwamo zomwe ziyenera kulembedwa kuti zilembedwe, zimapangidwa malinga ndi mgwirizano womwewo. Momwemo, otsogolera amadziŵa kuti ali nawo mbali pazochitika za mgwirizanowo, amavomereza pa kugawidwa kwa phindu ndi ndalama komanso njira zomwe bungwe likuyendetsera.

Wophunzira aliyense akuyenera kulemba mememandamu ya bungwe, pamene mfundo zotsatirazi zikuwonetsedwa:

- dzina, likugwirizana ndi malamulo;

- malo;

- kukula ndi kuwonetsera ndalama zachuma;

- oyang'anira mgwirizano;

- kukula, makonzedwe ndi mawu opangira ma deposits;

- udindo wa kuphwanya mgwirizano.

Chikumbumtima cha bungwe chimakhala ndi maudindo angapo. Lili ndi mfundo zomwe zimagwirizanitsa mgwirizano pakati pa abwenzi onse. Komanso, mgwirizanowu umatanthauzanso kuti ntchitoyi ikugwirizana ndi mabungwe ena. Monga chilemba chilichonse, mgwirizanowu umachitika malinga ndi lamulo ndipo uyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zonse. Icho chimapangidwa mwa kulembedwa, kupangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a chikalata chimodzi ndi kusayinidwa ndi wophunzira aliyense.

Dzina la mgwirizanowo

Lamulo silikutanthauza kuti mgwirizano uyenera kukhala ngati mawonekedwe amodzi. Komabe, ichi ndi chikhalidwe chovomerezeka pamene mukuchipereka cholembetsa. Komanso, popereka mgwirizano kwa anthu atatu, ndizofunikira kusonyeza chikalata chimodzi.

Kuchokera panthaŵi yosainira mgwirizano, mamembala a mgwirizanowo ayenera kukwaniritsa ufulu wawo ndi maudindo awo. Komabe, kwa magawo atatu, izo zimayamba kugwira ntchito pokhapokha atalembedwa. Kulembetsa kwa mgwirizano wa maziko kumachitika malinga ndi Chilamulo cha Kulembetsa Malamulo Alamulo. Dzinali liyenera kutsatira malamulo onse. Chitsanzo cha mgwirizano wathunthu ndi dzina labwino ndi Abzal ndi K.

Zolinga za ophunzira

Chigwirizano chathunthu, zolembedwamo zomwe zidasindikizidwa ndi onse omwe akugwira nawo ntchito, zimawapatsa ufulu ndi maudindo. Izi ndi zofunika kudziwa. Ogwira nawo mgwirizanowo sangathe kukhala ndi mgwirizano umodzi. Mwalamulo, iwo alibe ufulu wochita malonda okhaokha popanda chilolezo cha enawo. Aliyense akuyenera kupereka gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a zopereka zake ku likulu ndi nthawi yomwe mgwirizanowu uli kulembedwa. Gawo lotsalira lilipiridwa mkati mwa nthawi yomwe yatsimikiziridwa. Wokondedwa aliyense amayenera kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchito za bungwe malinga ndi malamulo omwe atchulidwa mu memorandum of association.

Ufulu wa omvera

Okhazikitsa mgwirizanowo ali ndi ufulu wochoka mgwirizano usanafike nthawi yomaliza. Pankhaniyi, munthu ayenera kufotokoza chikhumbo chake kwa miyezi 6. Ngati mgwirizano wathunthu unalengedwa kwa nthawi inayake, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zimatheka chifukwa cha zifukwa zabwino.

Wogwira nawo mbali akhoza kuthamangitsidwa muzogwirira ntchito ngati enawo adavotera. Pankhaniyi, amalipidwa mtengo wofanana ndi gawo lake mumzindawu. Magawo a olowa pantchito akutumizidwa mu dongosolo la kutsatizana, koma amzanga ena ayenera kuvotera wotsatila. Kuyika ma comrades kungasinthidwe popanda wina aliyense. Pachifukwa ichi, gawo lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito likutumizidwa kwa wophunzira wina kapena gulu lachitatu. Kuchita kwa opaleshoni kumafuna kuvomereza kwa anzanga ena.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizanowo

Popeza kuti mgwirizano wathunthu umadalira kwambiri ophunzira aliyense, pali zochitika zambiri zomwe zingayambitse kuthetsa. Mwachibadwa, imfa ya wophunzirayo ndi chifukwa chake kuthetsa ntchito ya mgwirizano. Ngati mnzanuyo ndi bungwe lovomerezeka, kusungidwa kwake kudzakhala ngati maziko a bungwe.

Zifukwa zina ndizo:

- Kugawidwa kwa ngongole kwa mmodzi mwa ophunzira kuti athe kubwezeretsa katundu;

- Kuweruzidwa motsutsana ndi mmodzi wa azimayi;

- kuzindikira kuti wophunzirayo ndi wosungulumwa.

Ubwenzi wothandizira ali ndi ufulu wopitiliza ntchito, ngati chinthucho chikulankhulidwa mu memorandum of association.

Ngati chiwerengero cha ophunzirawa chacheperapo, ndiye kuti wophunzirayo ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti atembenuzire mgwirizano wawo ku kampani yamalonda. Apo ayi, izo ziyenera kuthetsedwa.

Chiyanjano chochepa ndi chiyani

Ubale wogwirizana ndi wochepa umasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Chiyanjano chochepa, chomwe chimatchedwanso mgwirizano pa chikhulupiriro, chimasiyanasiyana ndi chokwanira chifukwa sichikuphatikizapo amzanga okhawo, komanso amalonda (osagwirizana). Amaika chiopsezo chotaya ndalama zomwe zimakhudzana ndi ntchito za mgwirizano. Ndalama zimadalira zopereka zopangidwa. Olamulira sapita nawo bizinesi. Mosiyana ndi amzanga onse, osamalonda sangakhale okha amalonda ndi mabungwe amalonda, komanso mabungwe alamulo.

Olamulira ali ndi ufulu:

- kulandila phindu malinga ndi gawo mu gawo lalikulu;

- amafunika malipoti a pachaka pa ntchito ya mgwirizano.

Pali zolemba zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa omangika. Iwo sangathe kukhala matupi a boma, komanso mabungwe omwe amadzilamulira okha. Iwo alibe ufulu wolankhula m'malo mwa mgwirizano, kupatula ndi wothandizira.

Koperative yopanga makampani monga mtundu wogulitsa amalonda

Mgwirizano wina wothandizira amachitcha mgwirizano. Chiyanjano chosiyana, mosiyana ndi iye, chili ndi zowonjezereka kwa ophunzira. Ogwira nawo ntchito zopanga makampani sangathe kukhala amalonda okhaokha, koma iwo eni ake amagwira ntchito yogwirizana. Wembala aliyense ali ndi voti imodzi, mosasamala za kukula kwa zopereka.

Mu chigwirizano cha boma, makampani ogulitsa ntchito amatchedwa artel, chifukwa phindu likudalira ntchito yothandizira ya wophunzirayo, osati pothandiza. Ngati munthu ali ndi ngongole, aliyense ayenera kulipira ngongole yakeyo pamtengo womwe watsimikiziridwa pasadakhale ndi chikalata.

Ubwino wa mawonekedwe a malondawa ndi kuti phindu likugawidwa molingana ndi zopereka za ntchito. Nyumbayi imaperekedwanso pokhapokha ngati makampani opanga ntchito athandizidwa. Chiwerengero choposa cha mamembala sichimalephereka ndi malamulo, omwe amakulolani kuti mupange makampani ogulitsa onse. Wophunzira aliyense ali ndi ufulu wofanana ndi liwu limodzi, lomwe limalimbikitsa chidwi cha mamembala m'ntchito za bungwe.

Chiwerengero chochepa cha mamembala chili ndi zisanu zokha. Chokhumudwitsa n'chakuti izi zimachepetsa kuthekera kokonza mgwirizano.