Uthengawu ku maselo: recessive ndi lalikulu majini

Kodi losokonekera?

Gene - ndi kumatanthauza ndondomeko ya nucleotides dezoksiribonuklinovoy asidi amene ndiyotengera majini mudziwe (mudziwe za dongosolo yoyamba ya mapuloteni mamolekyulu). DNA - awiri Shackleton. Aliyense wa unyolo ali enieni nyukiliotayidi zinayendera. Chachikulu Kapangidwe ka mapuloteni ndi, amene ali chiwerengero ndi ndondomeko ya amino zidulo, n'chofunikira molimba makhalidwe cholowa. Kuti encode mudziwe bwino ndipo nthawi zonse kuwerenga, jini ayenera kukhala ndi mwambo codon, kuchotsa codon ndi kuona codons mwachindunji encode kufunika kwa amino asidi zinayendera. Codons zimapanga nucleotides zitatu zotsatizana kuti encode inayake kwa amino acid. Codons UAA, UAG, UGA sizoona ndipo musati malamulo aliyense wa alipo kwa amino zidulo, akamawerenga ndondomeko kugawanika ndi ndinayima. The codons otsala (kuchuluka kwa ndalama 61) encode amino zidulo.

Kuonetsetsa majini lalikulu ndi recessive. Lalikulu jini - zinayendera wa nucleotides amene amathandiza kusonyeza mbali makamaka (kaya wotani majini ali awiri yemweyo (ankanena recessive kapena lalikulu jini)). Jini recessive ndi nyukiliotayidi zinayendera, limene mawu a fenotayipi Mbali n'chotheka mu kukhalapo kwa awiri ofanana recessive mbewu.

Mfundo zimenezi adzasala yekha majini deta kuti akhoza opatsirana ku mibadwomibadwo. Komatu osakaniza mitundu jini zimatengera Mawu a khalidwe ndi. Ngati awiri ndi recessive ndi lalikulu jini, uwoneka katundu phenotypically ndiyotengera lalikulu. Ndipo kokha kumawonetsera mfundo zawo ngati osakaniza majini awiri recessive. Ndiko kuti, jini lalikulu limaleka recessive.

Kodi pali majini?

Zomwe timanyamula chibadwa kubwera kuchokera kwa makolo athu. Zikuphatikizapo makolo komanso agogo ndi achibale ena magazi. akonzedwa jini munthu aumbike pamphambano ya umuna ndi dzira, kapena m'malo - pamene merging X ndi Y DNA kapena awiri X DNA. Bambo angathe kubweretsa mfundo onse X ndi Y khromozomu, pamene mayi ake - yekha X khromozomu.

Amadziwika kuti X khromozomu lili ndi mfundo zambiri kotero akazi amene kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda a chikhalidwe chosiyana kuposa anthu wamwamuna. Akuti chiwerengero cha anyamata wakhanda ndipo atsikana kukhala wofana, komabe, anyamata amenewa anabadwa. Chifukwa, pa maziko a mfundo ziwirizi, pali akusamala za amuna ndi akazi awiri. Apamwamba chonde ya anthu wamwamuna kulipidwa ndi kukana apamwamba zinthu zosiyanasiyana, khalidwe la akazi.

kukonza majini

Pakadali pano maphunziro zokhudza chuma chibadwa. The njira zambiri mosalidwa, ndi cloning imene imachititsa munthu mwakusakaniza. Izi - chinthu chofunika kwambiri polenga m'tsogolo. Ndi zinthu nkhaniyi ali chikwiyire kwambiri osiyanasiyana ndi ziyembekezo. Pambuyo kuphunzira zambiri kungapangitse anthu kuti akonzekere katundu ndi mbali ya m'badwo wotsatira, kupewa matenda ambiri ndi kukula ziwalo ndi kachitidwe kawo kwa kupatsidwa zina.