Statism - ndi ... Statism: ubwino ndi kuipa

Liwulo likuchokera ku French statism "État" kutanthauza "boma". Statism - ndi mfundo kuganiza ndale, amene amaona boma monga zomwe wapamwamba ndi zolinga za Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe.

Mawu akuti "statism"

Mbiri ya akuti anayambitsa m'zaka za m'ma mochedwa 19 ku France. bambo ake amaona kuti kukhala French olankhula Swiss Numa Droz. Iye anali wandale bwino ndi publicist. Mu 1881 ndi 1887 iye anali udindo wa pulezidenti wa bungwe la Swiss. Democrat ndi chikhalidwe ndi mdani momasuka lamadyerero, acemeresa kulimbitsa centralization wa Chitaganya Swiss. Numa Droz anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "statism" basi poyerekezera ndi anthu a m'dziko limene kunena mfundo zofunika kwambiri kuposa mfundo za ufulu wawo ndipo payekha.

Kumaiko pali zinthu za dongosolo wotchedwa etatizm. Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zodabwitsazi ndale kwambiri kuphunzira m'masiku athu. Komabe, ambiri kuona chinachake chandale zabwino dziko lawo.

oimira

Ganizo zofunika, mbali zabwino ndi zoipa statism anayesedwa kwa zaka zambiri. zodabwitsazi imatengedwa lonse. Akuluakulu oimira statism ndi nzeru ena, chuma, andale ndi mbiri yakale. Pali Mfundo zambiri ndi nkhani pa nkhani imeneyi. Za ulamuliro wa boma kulemba ngakhale nzeru ena awa wakale anthu, monga Aristotle ndi Plato, maganizo awo inatheka kenako mu Italy - Niccolo Machiavelli, England - Hobbes, Germany - Hegel.

Mfundo za statism

Mfundo yaikulu ndiyakuti udindo waukulu wa boma mu njira zonse. Zikuphatikizapo ndale, uzimu, chuma ndi malamulo drafting. Ntchito zida boma - ndicho kufunika koti kukhudza zokhalitsa iliyonse dera la moyo pagulu. Kuchokera pa mfundo imeneyi, anthu si chabe luso chabe wodzilamulira: boma ayenera 'kuthandiza "nzika zawo.

Mfundo ina yaikulu ya statism ndi boma - ichi ndi gwero chitukuko. Iwo alibe ufulu kulibe, makampani, atolankhani, mtundu uliwonse wa malonda. zida Government - ndi monopolist mu dera lirilonse la ntchito.

Mfundo lotsatira amatchedwa interventionism. Kuti palibe wina, monga mfundo za phukusi la boma miyoyo ya anthu payekha. Cholinga chachikulu cha boma amaziona ulimi kupewa, kulamulira mafakitale, kasamalidwe ndi polojekiti ya unyinji wa muzochitika zones za moyo wa anthu ake.

Mfundo ina ya statism - ndi mfundo imene amafuna kutsimikizira Ufumu wa Mulungu paliponse. Iwo amalowerera chipembedzo ndi chilengedwe kwa aliyense, ndipo chifukwa cha zimenezi pali "Churchification" boma. Malinga ndi statists mtima, mpingo zimakhudza muzochitika zones za moyo wa munthu. Mu mawu ena, kumene ndi wamba wa chipembedzo. Komabe, mfundo zimenezi, umboni ndi nkhaniyo, si silingayende bwino, tidzapeza Ulamuliro, amene kunadetsa akufanana Bolshevism ndi National Socialism (Nazism, fascism).

zitumbuwa

Taonani ubwino ndi kuipa kwa statism. Mmodzi mwa ubwino waukulu ndi anthu kutenga mbali pomanga amphamvu, palokha ndipo kutukuka dziko, amene bwino pogwira ntchito chikhalidwe. Kukhala pa malire a dziko, anthu sayenera nkhawa osatetezeka wawo, kupezeka kwa ntchito ndi kuchuluka otsika chuma. Ali ndi chidaliro chonse mu boma, ndipo Kenako, amawapatsa chidaliro m'tsogolo. Likukhalira chiwembu losavuta: anthu kuvomereza awo mu mtima mwawo, ndipo iwo ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti anthu chitetezo chake ndi chikhalidwe chitetezo pa nthawi yogwila nchito. Koma monga ife tikudziwira, palibe dongosolo ntchito Choncho, kotero ife titembenukira kwa mbali n'zosiyana a ndalamayo.

kuipa

boma nayo udindo wa Mtheradi udindo wake. Ndipo mwa kulankhula kwina tinganene kuti statism - ndi kulenga chitsanzo cha "Mulungu padziko lapansi". Pali otchedwa nationalization mitundu yonse ya moyo wa munthu. No dera la ntchito yomwe boma Sakadawachita gawo. Ndipotu, statism - wolamulira mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe, nyumba yonse, ndi gawo chakudya, nthambi za moyo chikhalidwe. Pali wathunthu kasamalidwe centralization. Malamulo statism zikuphatikizapo imposition wa zolinga ndi mfundo. Chiwonongeko cha anthu wamba amalenga digiri yapamwamba ya boma apolisi malamulo mu mawonekedwe a okwana statism.

Population chabe n'kukhala munthu inert misa zikuluzikulu, zimene zikhoza ankalamulira.

Statism ndi Anarchism

Niccolo Machiavelli ndi Georg Wilhelm Hegel ndi theorists kwambiri asonyezedwa kukhala malingaliro a statism. Iwo anakhulupirira kuti statism - ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi wa anarchism. Iwo amaona kuti ndi njira yabwino cha zinthu zachiwawa m'misewu, kuba, kupha ndi mayhem ena kuti akule udindo wa boma.

Machiavelli anafuna kutsitsimutsa inasokoneza Italy, anakumana nthawi ya owonongedwa ndi looting. udindo wake amagawidwa kwathunthu ndi Hegel, amene ankafuna mphamvu Germany. Adafuna kuonetsetsa kuti Germany zonse kugwirizana akhulupirire kuti iwo ali mkhalidwe wawo ndipo ayenera kumvera malamulo ake.

Ndipo Machiavelli ndi Hegel ankakhulupirira kuti munthu wamphamvu monopolistic mphamvu ya boma n'kofunika kwa ufulu wa anthu. Iwo anali kukhulupirira kuti anthu atenge nawo mbali pa chilengedwe cha malamulo ndi kuthetsa milandu zofunika boma mlingo. chitsanzo ichi patapita anapatsidwa dzina la "m'mikhalidwe". Mayiko ambiri ntchito mu masiku athu.

zitsanzo etatizma

History akukumbukira zitsanzo zambiri za ankafuna statism. Izi zikuphatikizapo mphamvu monga Japan, China, USA, Azeybardzhan. zinthu zooneka chinthu monga statism mu Russia kwambiri.

Komatu mmodzi mwa zitsanzo chidwi kwambiri mu dziko anali woyamba pulezidenti wa Turkey , Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, (analamulira 1923-1938). Adafuna "oderzhavit" makampani onse ndi mabungwe omwe, mu maganizo ake, anali ndi chidwi pang'ono ndi boma. kusintha wake ndipo ankafuna kusintha lonse Konzani mphamvu zinafuna kusintha zinthu zina. Statism mu mawonekedwe a "Kemalism" anazindikira mu ziphunzitso za boma Turkey, namtenga nalowa naye pulogalamu ya Republican Party Anthu (1931), ndipo ngakhale wotetezedwa malamulo a dziko lino (mu 1937).

Kumvetsa statist zambiri lingaliro, angatanthauze mabuku. Dzhorzh Oruell analemba umakhala zotsimikizika ndi yoona buku dystopia anadzipereka kwenikweni lingaliro la nationalization ya padziko lonse. buku amatchedwa "1984", ndipo ali ndi kutchuka yaikulu padziko lonse. chiwembu amayikidwa mu dziko zopeka kuti zida boma amasunga zinthu zonse pansi pa ulamuliro ndi kuyang'aniridwa: anthu kulikonse anajambula. Palibe malo ngakhale kwa moyo, ndipo aliyense gawo kwathunthu mchikakamizo cha chipani. Anthu saloledwa ndikuganiza, abwenzi ndi chikondi. mchitidwe uliwonse oletsedwa ndi mosamalitsa chilango ndi lamulo, lomwe zosiyanasiyana ndipo wodzilemekeza tsiku lililonse. Pambuyo buku la dzikoli ntchito unachitikira mpweya ndi mantha akudikira kuti tsoka ngati palokha.

Statism ku Russia

Malamulo statism kufalikira padziko lonse kale zaka zingapo. Ndipo Russia ndi chodabwitsa ndale alibe manyazi. Zochitika za mfundo chibadidwe lililonse boma.

The statism Russian akuwonetseredwa chifukwa amazilamulira zinthu mu zitsulo, mafuta ndi gasi makampani, komanso kulamulira mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe. Ndipotu boma la amalenga okhawo mu makampani waukulu ndiwo amakhoma misonkho yaikulu m'dziko lomwelo. Pachifukwa ichi, malamulo zokhudza kumabungwe amenewa zikusintha si mokomera anthu wamba.

Komabe, mwatsoka, mwankhanza wa msonkho - si chizindikiro chokha cha statism mu Russia. The boma amathandizira bizinesi yaing'ono wina amene amapereka otsika phindu ukhondo, kuti, kupeza chakudya kapena ntchito m'midzi. Malamulowa alipo zikusintha, ndipo nthawizina iwo kukhala mumamva bizinesi. Choncho zikuoneka kuti boma zida amadya yaing'ono mabungwe omwe siaboma.

statism lero

Masiku ano, Western asayansi ndale afika kugwirizana wamba. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti malingaliro a statism zotsatira mchitidwe mu boma bizinesi, ndi nkhondo za chuma ndi kumachititsa mtundu mikono (uyu anali, makamaka, ndi ulamuliro chikominisi).

Pakuti ichi ndi ambiri zifukwa zina, anthu padziko lonse mokomera demokalase ndi ufulu wa kuganiza. Iwo kunadetsa ndikufuna limodzi mwamtendere ndi makina a boma ndi kugwirizana pa mfundo yabwino. Koma kwathunthu kutsatira ndi kukhala pansi pa ulamuliro wonse ndi kulamulira mu chikhalidwe chawo safuna nzika iliyonse.