Masitayilo kulankhulana pedagogical

Individualization ntchito pedagogical wakhala zokambirana wokongola mwakhama dera pedagogical, kumene nthawi zina maganizo ankasiyana kosiyana. Oimira ina ya view unachitikira imaonetsa kuti ngakhale formalized malamulo lolamulira kalembedwe kulankhulana pedagogical, pamene ena mfundo yoti kuteteza ufulu mtheradi pankhaniyi, kudalira anakonzeratu aphunzitsi zolondola. Popanda kupita tsatanetsatane wa kafukufuku, ndi zina kutali kwambiri ndi sayansi awiri, m'pofunika kuzindikira kuti kulankhulana pedagogical Koma ngati wina aliyense, nkomwe nthawi zikhoza "Onani m'magazini" ndi malamulo wamba, mfundo ndi malamulo. Polankhula imodzi mwa kuwonekera kwa onse chikhalidwe akatswiri ndi ambiri a aphunzitsi, ndi Komabe, nthawi zonse muli zinthu za subjectivity, izo zimanyezimiritsa kumvetsa lamkati la nkhani zina mwa aliyense amene amathandiza kuphunzitsa.

Choncho, kufupi kwambiri zomveka mu kuphunzira njira zolankhulirana imalimbikitsa pofuna m'kagulu malinga zingapo zochititsa kuti, m'malingaliro athu, ndi zofunika kwambiri kuulula chikhalidwe ndi maonekedwe a masitaelo pedagogical kulankhulana.

Pamaso kutembenukira kwa Kuwulura nkhani ya kusiyana kalembedwe, m'pofunika kutsindika okwana. Yankholo mu chakuti zonse za masitaelo kulankhulana imvera vuto lomwelo - makonzedwe a chotero pedagogical kukhudzana, umene chingapezeke Mwachangu wamkulu wa ndondomeko ya maphunziro ndi maphunziro. Ndicho chifukwa kulankhulana kalembedwe ankayimiridwa ngati educationally cholinga umphumphu wa njira ndi luso la mogwirizana chikhalidwe ndi maganizo, imene nzeru zambiri, zimakhudza maphunziro ndi ndondomeko ya mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha maluso. Ngati tikambirana masitaelo chiphunzitso cha kulankhulana chifukwa cha mawonetseredwe mwangwiro munthu wa makhalidwe akatswiri komanso aphunzitsi, Tingathe kuona mwa iwo amene makhalidwe typological kulankhulana kwa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira, amene anapanga m'kati mogwirizana umoyo-pedagogical.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba vutoli, monga sayansi, kuika German zamaganizo Kurt Lewin. Lero, mbali iyi chidziwitso ndi m'malo yaikulu m'munda unachitikira axioms anayamba ziphunzitso zokhudzana ndi malingaliro n'ngwokayikitsa, chuma ambiri amene ayenera kuzindikira kuti aliyense wa kaganizidwe ka anthu kuti kulibe pa nkhani imeneyi, sangathe mwachisawawa adakana.

Modern psycho-pedagogical sayansi monga mwachidule mfundo zikuluzikulu za izi masitaelo mphunzitsi kulankhulana.

kalembedwe Democratic lolunjika osati ziyenera wa munthu amene amasamalira kulankhulana, koma mfundo zenizeni za khalidwe lake chikhalidwe. Mbali yofunika ya kalembedwe imeneyi ndi collectivism mu zokambirana za mavuto komanso kupanga zisankho, ndi predominance mitundu yopingasa wa mogwirizana wa ofukula, chizolowezi chitukuko ndi kufalitsa zosiyanasiyana gulu la kudziletsa ophunzira. Democratic kalembedwe amalimbikitsa kanthu ndi ufulu maphunziro a ophunzira azidzidalira. Mphunzitsi Pankhaniyi, kwenikweni amadalira ophunzira kumanga pedagogical awo mawonedwe pamalo nokha monga mphunzitsi. Chonchi "mtundu" kulankhulana, mphunzitsi - woyamba mwa yofanana, amene pamaziko a ulamuliro adzakhala lakuti mawu mwachangu.

inanso kalembedwe demokalase kulankhulana, amachita kulankhulana, amene anapanga pa maziko a kulenga olowa Changu cha mphunzitsi ndi ana asukulu. Bukuli lili osati mochuluka Luso kuti masitaelo mphunzitsi kulankhula nthawi pabwino monga kutsogolera mkangano pedagogical kukhwima, ndipo koposa zonse, chikhalidwe mphunzitsi unsembe. Malinga ndi zosiyana, ichi ndi kulankhulana kalembedwe anali lililonse VA Sukhomlinsky, V.F.Shatalovu, Makarenko.

Lero, ndi chinsinsi, ndi zachilendo ndi otchuka authoritarian kalembedwe, amene amakhala ndi mphunzitsi achikulire, kudzipereka kwa njira lamulo loyang'anira gulu la ntchito yophunzitsa. Nthawi zambiri, mtima umenewu involuntarily "kutsogolera" wa mphunzitsi kuti nthawi yoopsa pa zomwe zimayamba amachita munda wa kulankhulana, tactlessness ndipo ngakhale manyazi a ophunzira ndi matamando oipa a anthu ena. Izi sizikutanthauza Mwachitsanzo, mphunzitsi wa masamu sifotokoza osati zili vuto, koma kuti athetse izo. Ndi koposa zonse, m'mlengalenga maganizo a anzake a dongosolo "mphunzitsi - wasukulu". M'lingaliro kwambiri ambiri, zogwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe authoritarian amasonyeza imfa ya chidaliro mwa mphunzitsiyo kwa ophunzira ndi luso lawo efficiently kuthetsa zolinga Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe.

Pano m'chiphunzitso chizolowezi ndi kuphunzitsa masitayilo kulankhulana, imene mphunzitsi, pansi pa amati ndi digiri yapamwamba ya chidaliro mwa ophunzira ake zoona, kuchotsa tokha kuchokera kuthetsa kwambiri kukanikiza mavuto maphunziro. kalembedwe Izi kawirikawiri amatchedwa nzitsi, ngakhale akuti ndiyeno inu mukhoza kukangana. Izi "psevdodemokratizm" mu ntchito, monga ulamuliro, akutitsogolera kuti kuchepa mu ntchito pedagogical wa mphunzitsi ndi kugwa mu ntchito yake monga. Kawirikawiri, kalembedwe nzitsi limodzi ndi vutoli, kusintha kawirikawiri maganizo mphunzitsi, amene kumaonekera chikhalidwe cha njira yake ndipo mogwirizana ndi ana.

Kugawira kalembedwe amatchedwa "kucheza mtunda" amene amakhala chigogomeza ulemu aphunzitsi a mtunda wina m'gulu la kulankhulana ndi ana. Si zoipa, ngati kanthu ananena, koma mwamsanga pamene mphunzitsi akuyamba kuwonjezera mtunda ichi, zivute zitani kumatanthauza kusintha kwa formalization wa mogwirizana pedagogical. Mtunda zikhazikitsidwe yekha pa ulamuliro wa mphunzitsi, osati chongopeka analenga udindo maziko. Kusiyana komanso kusokoneza chikhalidwe kulankhulana, mu nkhani iyi, kulephera kutsatira mtunda, kusintha kwa kalembedwe kukopana pamene mphunzitsi amafunsira aliyense wa zobwera ndi ngati kuti akonze zolakwika, ana ake wotonza "mwachikondi" ndi connivance.

Chabwino, ndipo potsiriza, kalembedwe kwambiri odious kulankhulana - kulankhulana, mwamantha, amachita ngati umboni mwachindunji za kulephera kwa mphunzitsi kudzayambitsa kukhudzana maganizo ndi gulu la ophunzira, kenako n'koyenera kuukitsa funso la yamtunduwu pedagogical ambiri. mwamantha aliyense nthawi zonse n'kopanda pake, ziribe kanthu chimene mmene angachokere izo, ayenera kumvetsa kuti chotsatira - yochepa.

Kumene, ndi kovuta kupeza mphunzitsi amene angathe "wachinsinsi" kalembedwe kulankhulana amatchedwa "choyera". Mu zonse, pali zinthu zina authoritarianism, ndi zina muli kusuntha mwamantha ndi. Kodi chofunika kwambiri, kukhala chonyamulira zinthu zosiyanasiyana masitaelo, ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kalembedwe - ndi mawonetseredwe kudziwitsa munthu, amene zikuoneka sangathe kusamalirana munthu aliyense, kaya mtundu wa ntchito yake akatswiri.