Nazca. Kwachinsinsi Nazca mizere. Nazca patsamba

Kodi mukudziwa Nasca? Izi ndi akale Indian chitukuko. Dzina limeneli ku mtsinje, ku chigwa komwe lero mukhoza amasirira zipilala zambiri za chikhalidwe. The wotukuka wa chitukuko ichi unkachitika m'nthawi ya Zakachikwi BC. Kenako dzina Nazca ankavala yaing'ono Indian m'mudzi kum'mwera kwa Peru, imakhala kuseri ranges phiri. Kuti munthu afike ku likulu Lima, boma anafunika kuyenda mtunda wa makilomita ambiri pamodzi ndi yafumbi msewu wafumbi, ili mu bwinja lokhalokha, miyala ndi mchenga.

Lero, likulu la Peru ndi mzinda wa Nazca zikugwirizana ndi zinayi mzere pamsewu. Ndipo gawo limene umadutsa mapiri wosabereka ndipo chipululu, chilombo kunapangitsa miyala. Small ndi chete m'mudzi m'mbuyomu, lero ndi yaing'ono, koma bwino kwambiri m'tawuni. Iwo mbali owonetsera zakale yake ndi paki ang'ono zosiyanasiyana masitolo ndiponso mabanki awiri. Pali mu mahotela m'tauni ya magulu osiyanasiyana, amene kutenga alendo amene anapita m'dera timudziwe bwino dziko wotchuka "Pampa de A Nasca."

madera

Kodi amakopa alendo ochokera konsekonse mdziko tauni yaing'ono kummwera kwa dziko la Peru? Apaulendo kuno kuyang'ana chodabwitsa ndi zachinsinsi Nazca. imeneyi momveka, yomwe ili pamwamba pa phiri. Kwa iye, monga kwa onse yachonde khalidwe, yosalala, ndipo nthawizina undulating mtunda. M'madera ena ndi pang'ono kuligaŵa. zigwa ena ankasiyana ledges osiyana yachonde.

Kodi Nazca? Plateau ili kum'mwera kwa Peru. Ku likulu, Lima, ndi wosiyana ndi 450 Km kuti ayenera kuthetsa m'njira kum'mwera easterly. Nazca chipululu pa mapu ndi pafupi woyendera nthambi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific Ocean. Ku malo okwera kwa madzi waukulu - zosaposa makilomita makumi asanu ndi atatu.

Mwamsanga kupeza malo awa pa mapu kuthandiza ntchito Nazca. Iwo amapanga 14 ° 41 '18 "ufuluwo kum'mwera ndi 75 ° 7 '22" kumadzulo longitude.

Nazca ali elongated kumpoto kwa mtundu kum'mwera. m'litali ndi 50 Km. Koma m'lifupi m'dera kuchokera kumadzulo kumalire a kum'mawa ranges ku makilomita awiri.

zinthu zachilengedwe

Nazca amayang'anira ngati kuti derali lili kuuma Zone. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iwo kulibe asezare. Zima pano chimakhala cha June kuti September. Pakuti ife, ndi zodabwitsa, koma kusintha kwa nyengo cha Kumwera kwa dziko lapansi Kodi sizigwirizana ndi amene ali khalidwe la zone kumpoto kwa dziko.

Koma kutentha, ndi pafupifupi khola mderali. M'miyezi yozizira, phindu lake ndi osachepera madigiri sikisitini. M'chilimwe thermometer pafupifupi nthawi zonse anali pa kuzungulira 25.

Nazca, monga tatchulazi, ndi umakhala pafupi ndi madzi a Pacific Ocean. Komabe, ngakhale, mvula pano n'zochepa kwambiri. Palibe mphepo yomwe yachititsa ndi chifukwa cha unyinji mpweya kutetezedwa zitunda. Akutuluka mu chipululu ndi mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Onani kuno inu mukhoza mtsinje awo zouma.

Nazca mizere

Komabe, alendo ambiri amakopeka ndi dera si malo ake. Nazca zimakopa kanjedza zamatsenga ndi mizere imene unali molunjika pa nthaka ya dziko. Asayansi kuitana iwo geoglyphs. Mfundo imeneyi ndi mawonekedwe zojambula anapanga dothi lapansi, kutalika kwa omwe si zosakwana mamita anayi.

Nazca patsamba ali grooves wa osakaniza mchenga ndi miyala, anakumba nthaka. Iwo sali kwambiri (15-30 cm), koma yaitali (10 km) ndi widths osiyana (150 200 m). Geoglyphs, kapena, ngati iwo amatchedwa, mizere Nazca anapanga mu mawonekedwe chongoyerekeza kwambiri. Apa mutha kuona maphunziro a mbalame, akangaude ndi nyama, ndi akalumikidzidwa zojambula. mizere onsewa cha pa dongosolo la 13 000 yachonde.

Ndi chiyani icho? Zinsinsi za mbiri? Zinsinsi za m'mbuyomu? Yankho wopezeka mafunso amenewa kulibe. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti zojambula Nazca ndi chiwembu padziko Lapansi ndi manja aluso anthu. Komabe, kutsimikiza kopanda ichi sizingatheke. Pali wina, ndithu ndi maganizo amphamvu, chimene, gulu ndi mzere si ntchito ndi anthu, nthumwi za nzeru zakuthambo. Ichi ndi chinsinsi chachikulu cha Nazca chipululu, limene kumenyana ambiri asayansi. Komabe, ngakhale, chinsinsi cha yachonde Peru ndi kukhala dziko sanathetsedwe lero.

History of anapeza

Nazca mchipululu (Peru) amadziwika zojambula yaikulu, yomwe ili m'mapiriŵa. Izi zojambula ndi ndiAmene osadziwika za zipambano chachikulu cha chikhalidwe dziko ndi luso Mosakayika chipilala cha dziko lonse.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba chimphona pansi chitsanzo waona ndege mu 1927. Koma Nazca patsamba asayansi zinadziwika patapita zaka makumi awiri. Zinali ndiye kuti mbiri American Paulo Kosok lofalitsidwa angapo zithunzi za chodabwitsa ndi zachinsinsi manambalawo, omwe anapangidwa kuchokera mlengalenga.

kulenga luso

Ziwerengero Nazca analenga mukamafinya zinyalala bulauni miyala mapiri timiyala TACHIMATA ndi ❖ kuyanika zonyalazo mtundu wakuda, ndi subsoil kuwala, wopangidwa mwa msanganizo wa calcite, dongo ndi mchenga. N'chifukwa chake contours ya kanjedza chimphona kuoneka bwino kuchokera ndege kapena ndege.

Mpweya, mizere onse pa maziko a nthaka kuyang'ana oyera, ngakhale kuchokera pansi pa mapiri otsika kanjedza ngati kuphatikiza ndi dziko, ndipo sangathe kusiyanitsa pakati pawo.

Mizere ndi akalumikidzidwa zojambula

zithunzi zonse Tingaone mu Nazca chipululu, ndi mawonekedwe osiyana. Ena mwa iwo kuimira mzere kapena Mzere amene m'lifupi ndi mu uthunthu wa mamita kuchokera masentimita khumi ndi khumi kapena kuposerapo. Chotero kuzama kwa nthaka wautali. Iwo ukhoza kwa wina ndi zitatu, kapena makilomita kwambiri. Magulu angathe bwino kukodzedwa mulitali.

Ena mizere Nazca amafikira kapena truncated makona. Ndi mawonekedwe ambiri akalumikidzidwa zojambula pa m'mapiriŵa. Miyeso ya kwambiri osiyanasiyana ndi osiyanasiyana kuchokera makilomita wina ndi atatu. Triangles awa zambiri amatchedwa trapezoid ndi. Ena zithunzi za Nazca ndi lalikulu kukhala ndi amakona anayi kapena mawonekedwe osasamba.
Onani yachonde ngati n'kotheka ndi amenewa Masamu bwino la quadrilaterals monga trapezium (ndi mbali ziwiri kufanana). Zachilengedwe mitundu bwino mu chipululu ndi mazana asanu ndi awiri.

mizere ambiri ndi nsanja ena malowedwe arched mbiri kuti masentimita makumi atatu kapena kupitirira. Ndipo onse grooves awa pali malire, chokhala ndi zithetsedwe.

The peculiarity wa mizere Nazca

geoglyphs Peru chipululu ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha owongoka ake. Maganizo apaulendo yagunda mzere motsatizana makilomita ambiri pamodzi m'mapiriŵa, mosavuta kugonjetsa mbali zonse mtunda. Komanso, manambalawo Nazca malo choyambirira, nthawi zambiri ili pa mapiri. Pa mfundo zimenezi converge ndi mogwirizana osiyanasiyana mizere. Nthawi zambiri matendawa, m'nthaka likugwirizana ndi mzake, mwakutero timathandizana pamodzi osakaniza osiyanasiyana. Zimachitika kuti mosiyanasiyana ndi mizere anatumikira wina ndi mnzake.

N'zochititsa chidwi ndi malo trapezoids lapansi. likulu lawo kawirikawiri zimayenda kumbali ya zigwa mtsinje ndi gawo yopapatiza pabwino pansipa.

N'zosadabwitsa ndi mfundo yakuti:

• m'mbali mwa mizere onse ali olondola Kumwambamwamba, amene imafalira lonse masentimita asanu ndi makilomita angapo m'litali;
• kusungidwa contours aone ngakhale pamene ntchito ndalama pa mzake;
• pali malire okhwima pa akalumikidzidwa pamene amayesetsa yokulirapo m'lifupi n'kupanga;
• anapitiriza magulu aone ngakhale pa kusintha makhalidwe nthaka;
• ananena kufanana kwa kasinthidwe ndi malo chitsanzo zozungulira amayambanso ndi madera kuwala;
• kokhazikika Masamu amayambanso ngakhale mtunda zovuta;
• pali mizere kunyamula khalidwe zakuthambo, akulozera ku mbali ya kuwala kapena azikhala.

A zosiyanasiyana Pantchito

mtundu A chokongoletsera malo zikuluzikulu Nazca ndi zigzags ndi zithunzi knutoobraznye. Pakati pa 13 000 mizere, 800 playgrounds ndi mazana a coils osiyana mu kudabwitsa kwake ndi zachinsinsi Peru chipululu, inu mukhoza kuwona dongosolo waphindu. nyama ndi mbalame izi atatu khumi kanjedza, Pakati:

• Buluzi mamita 200 yaitali, akhakula tepi ya msewu American, umene womangawo ndiribe anaona chitsanzo;
• mbalame ndi njoka khosi, anatambasula 300 mamita;
• zana-mita condor;
• vosmidesyatimetrovy kangaude.

Kuwonjezera mafano awa mutha kuona nsomba ndi mbalame, nyani ndi maluwa, chinachake monga ngati mtengo, komanso sate-mita chithunzi cha munthu, anapanga osati pa yachonde, ndipo ngati ali stamped pa imodzi mwa malo otsetsereka phompho la phiri.

Pansi, kanjedza zonsezi kanthu koposa zikwapu munthu ndi mikwingwirima. Amasirira fano lalikulu zitha adzaukitsidwa mu mlengalenga. Izi zinsinsi wamkulu wa mbiri, zinsinsi yakale sindinapeza amafotokoza kwa masikolala. Ngati chitukuko wakale amene alibe ndege anakhoza kulenga zithunzi zovuta zotere, ndipo cholinga chawo?

Features wa zojambula Nazca

The mizere zithunzi za mbalame ndi zinyama zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira 45 mpaka 300 mamita m'lifupi ndi mizere Mzere - .. Kuchokera masentimita 15 mpaka 3 mamita Zithunzi zonse watanthauzo kuti Tingaone pa Nazca lolunjika pa nsonga yake inali pamwamba pa chigwa mtsinje Ingenio.

Pakati pa mbali ya dongosolo zimenezi zingathe kudziŵika:

• kuchita chimodzi mosalekeza, konse mitanda ndi kutseka mzere;
• chiyambi ndi mapeto a zamkati ili pansi;
• "Kubwereketsa" ndi "polowera" madera mizere iwiri yomweyi;
• pali mawonekedwe wangwiro pakati dongosolo ngodya yokhota ndi mizere imene wapezeka ndi asayansi, anapangidwa monga mwa malamulo a masamu, lomwe limafotokoza mogwirizana awo ndi kukongola;
• mawotchi kuphedwa (kupatula nyani image), zomwe zimaphwanya zithunzi za nyama ya mitundu aliyense maganizo;
• pamaso pa asymmetry, lomwe ndi chifukwa kupanda ungwiro ntchito kuonjezera zina zachidule;
• pamaso pa intersecting mizere, ikufanana ndi imodzi mwa mizere mizere, amene anafotokoza chifukwa kukhazikitsa akalumikidzidwa zovuta mkati mwa malo.

Mfundo ndi Baibulo

wachilembo cha zolengedwa zodabwitsa ndi m'chipululu cha Nazca ndi ndani? Ngakhale asayansi amanga Mabaibulo awo ndiponso kuika patsogolo malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Choncho, ambiri mbali mu kopanda wa geoglyphs zakuthambo chiyambi. Iwo amati mizere ikuluikulu ankagwiritsa ntchito runways zakuthambo chitukuko. Komabe, amanena zambiri adani kuti kukankha wanu mkangano wamphamvu kwambiri - ndi zojambula khalidwe. Inde, iwo ndi chidwi osati kukula kwa dziko lapansi, koma nkhani awo anawauza kuti ndi anthu, osati alendo.

Komabe, mu nkhani iyi, pali zambiri sanathetsedwe zinsinsi. Kodi sakudziwika kwa ife ambuye anatha kulenga chithunzi ngati chimphona kuti akhoza amangoona mpweya? N'chifukwa chiyani iwo amachita izo? ndi njira ntchito kusunga chiwerengero cha zitsanzo chimphona chiyani?

Amanena za chiyambi cha zojambula pa Nazca osiyanasiyana, ndipo ena a iwo ali chabe wosangalatsa. Komabe, pakati Mabaibulo alipo ndiponso amene ali woyenera mwapadera.

Choncho, malinga ndi akatswiri, dongosolo lonse la mizere Nazca ndi kalendala yaikulu. Munthu woyamba kuika patsogolo mfundo imeneyi Paulo Kosok. Izi wasayansi American anali woyamba kupeza chachinsinsi mulu zosiyanasiyana akalumikidzidwa ndi mizere. moyo wake wonse yaitali anali odzipereka akuchepa chinsinsi cha chipululu Peru. Kamodzi Kosok anaona kuti dzuwa inaimika lokha pa mphambano ya kaja ndi imodzi mwa mizere molunjika. Iye wakhala wapezeka ndi gulu kusonyeza chitsutso muyezo. Komanso, pali kopanda Kosok kuti kanjedza ena akufanana ndi anthu kapena matupi zina dziko. amanena wakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndipo zili ndi asayansi ambiri odziwika padziko lonse. Komabe, anadzapeza kutsimikiziridwa kuti anthu ofananira Nazca zojambula ndi mapulaneti ena ndi yaing'ono kwambiri kusunga dongosolo kalendala.

Palinso gawo lina Baibulo ndithu kwambiri. Malinga Nazca mizere ake umasonyeza malo a dongosolo yaikulu ya njira madzi pansi. Kuthandiza amanena n'chakuti malo zitsime akale chikugwirizana ndi anakumba mu mikwingwirima nthaka. Koma mwina izo ziri chabe mwangozi.

Mwina cholinga cha Nazca patsamba ndi khalidwe wodziwika bwino? The zofukulidwa wa akatswiriwa anapeza pa malo a zithunzi wakale anthu kuikidwa ndi maguwa ansembe. Komabe, zinthu zonse mwambo anali anamangidwira nthawi zonse mu njira umene ungamuphe ena maganizo ndi kukhudza munthuyo. Ziwerengero ankaona kokha kuchokera kumwamba, ziribe malingaliro a anthu omwe ali pansi, osati chifukwa.

Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, amene analenga Chiwerengerochi chodabwitsa, anatha mwanjira adutsa mlengalenga ndi modziwika zochokera mu mlengalenga. Mwina anthu akale anamanga balloons ndi kuuluka iwo?

malingaliro onse alipo mpaka iwo anabweretsa anthu chinsinsi cha Nazca chipululu. Mwina asayansi posachedwapa kuyankha funso za chiyambi cha mizere chodabwitsa? Kapena mwina chinsinsi adzatsala sanathetsedwe ...