Oyambitsa The tazindikira. Great Kutulukira anthu

Oyambitsa otchuka m'dzikoli analenga zinthu zambiri zothandiza anthu. chowaganizira kuti anthu sangathe kukambapo. Zambiri zimene wanzeru mwalanditsa moyo kuposa wina. ndi woyamba, amadziwika ziwembu zawo wapadera - iwo ali?

Archimedes

munthu ameneyu sanali kokha masamu kwambiri. Uyamiko kwa Iye, dziko lonse anadziwa zimenezi galasi ndi kuzinga chida. Chimodzi mwa zochitika odziwika - Archimedes wononga (auger), kudzera zomwe n'zotheka bwino bailing. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti luso ntchito lero.

Leonardo da Vinci

Amatukutuku, wotchuka chifukwa cha malingaliro awo anzeru sikuti nthawi zonse mwayi kumasulira malingaliro mu kuchitapo. Mwachitsanzo, parachuti pulani chifukwa zinkapereka ndege, makina, akasinja, ndi njinga, amene anaonekera chifukwa pogwira ntchito ya kalavulagaga ndi Leonardo da Vinci, kwa nthawi yaitali sinadzatengedwe ndi achibale. Pa nthawi chabe analibe akatswiri ndi mwayi kukhazikitsa ndondomeko odzikonda ameneŵa.

Thomas Edison

Anayambitsa galamafoni, chithunzi chubu ndi maikolofoni foni anali wotchuka American wasayansi. Mu January 1880, iye anapereka setifiketi kwa incandescent nyali, chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa wotchuka Edison pa dziko lonse. Komabe, ena osaganizira iye namatetule, tingadziwe kuti amatukutuku, wotchuka chifukwa zikuchitika ake, ndinkayenda ndekha. Koma Edison, anathandiza gulu la anthu.

Nikola Tesla

Zoyambitsidwa lalikulu la namatetule uyu anadza moyo pambuyo pa imfa yake. Chirichonse anafotokoza momveka bwino kuti: Tesla anali Otetezedwa munthu, kuti palibe akudziwa za ntchito yake. Chifukwa cha khama la dongosolo wasayansi polyphase wa panopa magetsi anapeza kuti zinachititsa kuti zikamera magetsi malonda. Komanso, iye anakhala maziko a Makina, sayansi ya nyukiliya sayansi ya kompyuta ndi ballistics.

Dzina lake Aleksandr Grem Bell

oyambitsa zambiri, wotchuka chifukwa apeza, ndipo anathandiza kupanga miyoyo yathu bwino. The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi za Aleksandre Belle. Zikomo kuti khama lake la anthu angathe kulankhula momasuka, kukhala zikwi makilomita lokha, ndi onse - chifukwa cha foni. Bell komanso anatulukira audiometer - chipangizo wapadera kumene kumatsimikizira ugonthi; chipangizo kufunafuna chuma - ndi zinachitika wa chowunikira ano zitsulo; choyamba ndege dziko; chitsanzo sitima zapamadzi kuti Alexander mwiniyo anatcha bwato hydrofoil.

Karl Benz

wasayansi ameneyu ali bwinobwino akuyendera mfundo yaikulu ya moyo wake: galimoto ndi mota. Ndi uyamiko kwa Iye, ife tsopano ndi mwayi kukwera magalimoto. Wina chidali chifuniro wapatali Benz - ndi mkati kuyaka engine. Kenako, ulimi kampani galimoto unapangidwa bungwe, amene lero odziwika padziko lonse. Izi Mercedes Benz.

Edwin Land

Izi wotchuka French zatsopano ali pamoyo wake kuti kujambula. Mu 1926, iye anali wokhoza kutsegula mtundu watsopano wa polarizer, analandiranso dzina "Polaroid". Land anayambitsa kampani Polaroid Chatuluka eni luso ndi wina zoyambitsidwa 535.

Charlz Bebbidzh

Izi wasayansi British m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ntchito pa chilengedwe cha kompyuta choyamba. Zinali iye amene dzina wapadera chipangizo kompyuta makina. Chifukwa pamene anthu alibe nzeru zofunikira aphunzitseni khama Babbage akhala siziyenda bwino. Komabe, maganizo anzeru si kumizidwa mu anaiwalika: Howard Aiken ndi Konrad Tsuze anatha kugwiritsa iwo pakati pa zaka mazana makumi awiri.

Benjamin Franklin

Otchuka wandale, wolemba, nthumwi, satirist ndi States analinso wasayansi. Zoyambitsidwa lalikulu la anthu, limene anaona zikomo kuwala kwa Franklin, izi magalasi bifocal ndi kusintha njira ya mkodzo catheter, ndi ndodo mphezi. Chidwi mfundo: Benjamin wachibadidwe osati setifiketi aliyense wa atulukira wake, chifukwa iye ankakhulupirira kuti onsewo - cholowa cha anthu.

Jerome Hal Lemelson

Waukulu chonchi Kutulukira anthu monga fax makina, foni mafoni, ndi makina yosungirako ndi tepi makaseti, akhala kuperekedwa kwa anthu Jerome Lemelson. Komanso, asayansi awa apanga sayansi ya diamondi ndipo ena zipangizo zachipatala kuti athandize pa matenda a khansa.

Mikhail Lomonosov

Izi namatetule anazindikira zosiyanasiyana Sciences bungwe yunivesite choyamba mu Russia. Wotchuka payekha atayamba Mikhail Vasilyevich - mphepo makina. Iwo ankakhala kulera zida wapadera nyengo. Akatswiri ambiri Lomonosov ndi woyambitsa wa zinachitika ndege zamakono.

Ivan Kulibin

Munthu uyu alibe chifukwa wotchedwa nthumwi yowala za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Ivan Petrovich Kulibin chidwi oyambirira ubwana mu mfundo za zimango. Zikomo ntchito yake, ife tsopano ntchito zipangizo navigation, wotchi ndi alamu, injini madzi akuchita. Pakuti nthawi anati Kutulukira akhala chinthu zopeka kumaliseche. Labambo namatetule ngakhale anakhala mawu banja. Kulibin tsopano kuitana munthu amene ali ndi luso kutulukira zinthu zodabwitsa.

Sergei Korolev

Mu dera la zofuna zake anali zinakhazikitsa cosmonautics, zipangizo ndege, yomanga machitidwe roketi-danga ndi zida chida. SERGEY Pavlovich kwakukulukulu chinathandiza kufufuza malo. Iye analenga spacecraft "Vostok" ndi "Voskhod", odana ndi ndege mizinga, "217" ndi losatha "212", komanso roketi ndege, okonzeka ndi injini roketi.

Alexander Popov

Iye anapanga wailesi ndi wailesi ndi Russian wasayansi. Kupezeka lokhali yoyamba zaka za kafukufuku mu chikhalidwe ndi kafalitsidwe.

The wasayansi wamkulu ndi injiniya magetsi anabadwa mu wansembe banja. Alexander anali ndi abale asanu ndi alongo. Kale ana ake mwanthabwala wotchedwa pulofesa monga Popov anali wamanyazi, woonda, womangika mwana, amadana ndi ndewu masewera phokoso. Mu Perm Theological Seminary, Alexander S. anayamba kuphunzira sayansi ya buku Gano. chibwana akhafunika pikulu akhali khamu la zipangizo yosavuta luso. maluso awa imathandiza m'tsogolo polenga Popov thupi zida malinga kafukufuku wawo zofunika.

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky

The kutsegula kwa Russian zatsopano chachikulu kutenga aerodynamics ndi pulogalamu danga kuti mlingo watsopano. Mu 1897 Tsiolkovsky ndidatsiriza ntchito pa mphepo mumphangayo. Kudzera amapereka odzipatulira, masamu kulimbikira wa mpira, yamphamvu kapena matupi ena. Deta analandira anali ankagwiritsa ntchito mu ntchito zake Nikolai Zhukovsky.

Mu 1894 Tsiolkovsky anamanga ndege ndi chimango zitsulo, koma mwayi kumanga chipangizo amenewa sanali kudzaonekera zaka makumi awiri mtsogolo.

Maganizo nkhani. Anayambitsa babu kuwala - ndani?

Pa chilengedwe cha wagawo ndi, kupereka kuwala ntchito kalelo. The zinachitika kwa nyali amakono phale mitsuko ndi wicks zopangidwa yarns thonje. Ancient Aiguputo anazitsanulira mwa chidebe ngati ndi mafuta n'kuwawotcha. Anthu a Nyanja Caspian anamugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zofanana zina mafuta zakuthupi - mafuta. The makandulo koyamba mu Ages Middle, inkakhala phula. Odziwika Leonardo da Vinci anayesetsa kulenga nyali, koma kuunikira otetezeka chipangizo anatulukira m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, yoyamba.

Ndimakumbukirabe sindileka kutsutsana za amene ali mutu aulemu a "anayambitsa babu kuwala." Woyamba zambiri amatchedwa Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov, ntchito moyo wake wonse zamagetsi. Iye analenga osati nyale komanso kandulo magetsi. chipangizo Last chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba misewu. Ndikudabwa kandulo anatentha Ola ndi theka, kenako osamalira anali kuloŵedwa m'malo ndi wina watsopano.

Mu 1872-1873 gg. Russian injiniya ndi zatsopano Lodygin analenga babu kuwala m'njira zamakono mawu. Poyamba, limatulutsa kuwala kwa mphindi makumi atatu, ndipo pambuyo ikukoka mpweya ku wagawo nthawi ino kwambiri kuchuluka. Komanso, ukulu anatulukira zinapha incandescent nyali Tomás Edison ndi Dzhozef Svan.

Pomaliza

The woyamba dziko anatipatsa zipangizo zambiri kuti moyo wabwino koposa osiyanasiyana. Bwino Kodi chilili, ndipo ngati ngakhale zaka zingapo zapitazo kugwiritsa ziwaya chabe analibe mphamvu luso, lero kumasulira malingaliro mu kuchitapo zosavuta.