Kwadzidzidzi teleportation: Zimene lalikulu la sayansi

Kwadzidzidzi teleportation ndi chimodzi mwa ndondomeko zofunika kwambiri mfundo kwadzidzidzi. Kutengera pa chuma thupi chisokonezo, ndi mbali yaikulu ya ntchito zosiyanasiyana zambiri limaimira mbali yofunika ya umisiri kwadzidzidzi akusewera yofunika kwambiri pofuna kukwaniritsa kwadzidzidzi kompyuta, Intaneti ndi aya.

Kuyambira yopeka kuti asayansi atulukira

Papita zaka ziwiri kuchokera atulukira kwadzidzidzi teleportation, zomwe mwina mmodzi wa zotsatira chidwi kwambiri ndi zosangalatsa "strangeness" wa kwadzidzidzi zimango. Pamaso amenewa apeza zinthu zazikulu, lingaliro ili a kudziko la nkhani yopeka. Choyamba anatulukira mu 1931 ndi Charles H. Fort akuti "teleportation" wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito kuti kufotokoza njira imene thupi ndi zinthu ziti inasamutsidwa kuchoka kumalo osiyanasiyana, si kwenikweni kuthetsa mtunda wa pakati pawo.

Mu 1993 anafalitsa nkhani pofotokoza protocol wa mudziwe kwadzidzidzi amatchedwa "kwadzidzidzi teleportation", amene anali zizindikiro zina tatchulazi. Ndi boma osadziwika a dongosolo thupi chimaonekera ndipo kenako adzazibweza, kapena "adzathe akupita" mu malo akutali (zinthu zakuthupi dongosolo choyambirira kukhalabe kutengerapo place). Zimenezi zimafuna njira chakale kulankhulana ndi kumatha kulankhulana superluminal. Kumafuna moyo wa chisokonezo. Ndipotu, teleportation angaonedwe ngati protocol wa mudziwe kwadzidzidzi kuti bwino kwambiri zinasonyeza chikhalidwe cha chisokonezo: popanda pamaso pa boma la kulanda sizikanakhala zotheka mu chimango cha malamulo ofotokoza za kwadzidzidzi zimango.

Teleportation wachita mbali mwakhama chitukuko cha sayansi zambiri. Pa dzanja limodzi, ichi ndi protocol cilamulo, amene imathandiza kwambiri mu kukula kwa mwamwambo kwadzidzidzi chiphunzitso zambiri, ndi pa zina ndi lofunika zikuluzikulu za umisiri ambiri. The kwadzidzidzi repeater - ndi mfundo za zolankhulirana. Teleportation kwadzidzidzi masiwichi, masovedwe potengera Miyezo ndi kwadzidzidzi zopezera - ndi ena ofanana zake zonse. Izo ntchito monga chida wosavuta kuphunzira "kwambiri" a sayansi, pa zokhotakhota kanthawi evaporation mabowo wakuda.

Today kwadzidzidzi teleportation anatsimikizira mu Laboratories padziko lonse ntchito zosiyanasiyana magawo njira zamakono, kuphatikizapo qubits photonic, nyukiliya maginito malumikizidwe, modes kuwala, magulu a maatomu, maatomu kuti agwidwa ndi machitidwe michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi. Zotsatira chapadera akhala akwaniritsa mu teleportation osiyanasiyana zatsopano kubwera ndi makina. Komanso, anayesera kuti onga kachitidwe zovuta zambiri.

teleportation wa qubits

Kwadzidzidzi teleportation anafotokozedwa koyamba kwa machitidwe awiri mlingo, otchedwa qubits. Protocol kuganizira magulu awiri akutali, wotchedwa Alice ndi Bob, amene kugawana qubit 2, A ndi B ali mu chikhalidwe choyera akodwa umatchedwanso awiri Bell. Pakhomo la Alice anapatsidwa wina qubit ndi amene chikhalidwe ρ sakudziwika. Izo ndiye amachita olowa kwadzidzidzi muyeso, otchedwa atulukira Bell. Iwo amanyamula ndi limodzi la Bell limati anayi. Chifukwa, athandizira boma la qubit pamene anayeza Alice Mwamsanga ndi Bob B qubit imodzi imene pa P ^† _K ρP _K. Mu protocol sitepe otsiriza Alice transmits chifukwa chakale pa miyezo yake Bob, amene amatsatira Pauli P _K woyendetsa kubwezeretsa ρ pachiyambi.

Boma koyamba kwa qubit Alice imatengedwa anonymous, chifukwa mukatero protocol wa yafupika muyeso wake kutali. Komanso, mwina yokha kukhala m'gulu la akuluakulu gulu, limodzi ndi gulu lina (mu mulandu bwino teleportation zonse amafuna malumikizanidwe kubwezeretsa ndi chipani yachitatu).

A kuyesera ankaikira kwadzidzidzi teleportation amatenga koyera boma apachiyambi za thupi zilembo ndi womangika Mwachitsanzo, mizati isanu ya Bloch dera. Pamaso pa decoherence khalidwe la boma ankamangidwanso tingasonyezere quantitatively zolondola teleportation F ∈ [0, 1]. olondola pakati madera a Alice ndi Bob, pakuchitika pa zotsatira zonse kudziwika ndi Bell ndi zilembo pachiyambi. Pakuti mfundo ka yolondola njira kulibe, kulola kuti teleportation ungwiro popanda gwero zosamvetsetseka. Mwachitsanzo, Alice akhoza mwachindunji kuyeza boma wapachiyambi potumiza Bob ntchito yokonza boma chotsatira. Izi njira muyeso-maphunziro amatchedwa "teleportation zachikhalidwe." Iwo ali olondola pazipita F _kalasi = 2/3 boma lililonse athandizira, wofanana afabeti zinthu zosiyana osakondera monga Bloch dera mizati isanu ndi umodzi.

Choncho, umboni wosatsutsika wakuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwadzidzidzi ndi phindu mwatsatanetsatane F> F _kalasi.

Osati qubit single

Malinga kwadzidzidzi sayansi, teleportation wa qubits si, mwina monga dongosolo Mipikisano ooneka enieni. Pakuti aliyense amalire muyeso D akhoza kukonza yabwino chiwembu teleportation ntchito maziko maximally akumukonda zamoyo zina boma kumene kuwapeza anapatsidwa boma maximally akodwa ndi maziko {U _K} unitary ntchito wokhutiritsa ^{_{TR (U † J U k)}} = dδ J, K . Chotero protocol angathe anamanga aliyense amalire-Hilbert danga r Mukhoza. N. apawokha variable kachitidwe.

Komanso, kwadzidzidzi teleportation angatanthauze machitidwe ndi wopandamalire Hilbert danga, wotchedwa machitidwe mosalekeza-variable. Monga ulamuliro, iwo anazindikira mwa kuwala modes boson m'munda magetsi yomwe tinganene ntchito quadrature.

Liwiro ndi njakata mfundo

liwiro kwadzidzidzi teleportation ndi chiyani? Information imafalikira pa liwiro ofanana liwiro anamasulira nambalayi wa tingachipeze powerenga - mwina kuwala kumayendera. Theoretically, zikhoza mungazigwiritse ntchito, mmene Agiriki simungathe - mwachitsanzo, mu kwadzidzidzi kompyuta, pamene deta zilipo okha wolandira.

Kodi kwadzidzidzi teleportation kuphwanya kusamvetsa Mfundo? Kale akuti teleportation kwenikweni zocheza ndi akatswiri, chifukwa ankakhulupirira kuti akuphwanya mfundo za oletsa aliyense muyeso kapena chindodo ndondomeko kuchotsa zonse atomu nkhani kapena chinthu china. Malinga ndi mfundo njakata, ndi lachindunji kuposa chinthu ndi scanned, m'pamenenso zimakhudza ndondomeko chindodo mpaka mfundo kukufika pamene boma choyambirira cha chinthu atasokonezedwa ku moti zambiri sungagulire mfundo zokwanira kulenga chithunzi. Izo zikumveka wotsimikizika: ngati munthu sangathe kuchotsa mfundo chinthu kulenga makope wangwiro, yotsirizira sizingakhoze kuchitidwa.

Kwadzidzidzi Teleportation kwa Dummies

Koma asayansi asanu (Charles Bennett, Zhil Brassar, Claude Crépeau, Richard Dzhosa, Aseri Peres, ndi Uilyam Vuters) anapeza njira mozungulira mfundo imeneyi, ntchito titchuke ndi paradoxical Mbali okonzera kwadzidzidzi kudziwika monga Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen. Iwo anapeza njira aone mudziwe teleported chinthu A, ndi otsala untested gawo kudzera zotsatira za kusintha zinthu zina anakumana ndi A konse zimatheka.

Kenako chifukwa chotsatira C kukhudzana yozungulira mudziwe scanned akhoza adalowa boma A kuti aone. Ndipo mwiniyo mu chikhalidwe chomwecho monga adzagonjetsa ndondomeko chindodo, motero akwaniritsa ndi teleportation, osati kugawanika.

Kulimbana osiyanasiyana

• Woyamba kwadzidzidzi teleportation zinachitika mu 1997 pafupifupi imodzi ndi asayansi pa University of Innsbruck ndi University ya Rome. Pa zimenezo ndi fotoni gwero kukhala kugawanika, ndi wina wa nsapato photons akumukonda asinthidwa kuti chachiwiri choyambirira kugawanika fotoni analandira. Choncho photons onse ali spaced Chrixitu.
• Mu 2012, panali nthawi zonse kwadzidzidzi teleportation (China University of Science and Technology) kudzera Alps nyanja pa mtunda wa 97 Km. A gulu la asayansi ku Shanghai kutsogoleredwa ndi Juan Iinem anakwanitsa kukhala zokayikitsa limagwirira kuti analola mtengo ndendende akulimbana.
• Mu September, mbiri kwadzidzidzi teleportation pa 143 Km zinachitikadi chaka chomwecho. Asayansi Austria ku Academy of Sciences wa Austria ndi University ya Vienna motsogozedwa ndi Antona Tsaylingera ali bwinobwino opatsirana limati kwadzidzidzi awiriwa Islands wa La Palma ndi Tenerife Canary. Kuyesa ntchito mizere iwiri kuwala kulankhulana poyera, kvantumnaya ndi zachikhalidwe, pafupipafupi uncorrelated kugawanika opiringizidwa awiri magwero photons, sverhnizkoshumnye zoyesera osakwatiwa-fotoni ndi zowalamulira wotchi kalunzanitsidwe.
• Mu 2015, akatswiri ofufuza Institute US National wa Mfundo and Technology kwa nthawi yoyamba anapanga kulanda zambiri pa mtunda oposa 100 Km wa CHIKWANGWANI kuwala. Ichi chinapangidwira zikomo zotheka kwa anayambitsa analenga chowunikira fotoni ntchito nanowires superconducting wa molybdenum silicide.

Zikuonekeratu kuti abwino a dongosolo kwadzidzidzi kapena luso alibe kulibe ndi kupezedwa kwambiri za m'tsogolo zili mkudza. Komabe tikhoza kuyesetsa kuzindikira ofuna zotheka ntchito yeniyeni teleportation. Oyenera mwakusakaniza iwo linapereka maziko mogwirizana ndi njira amapereka m'tsogolo kwambiri zingamuthandize kuti kwadzidzidzi teleportation ndi ntchito zake.

mtunda waufupi

Teleportation mtunda waufupi (1 m) monga kwadzidzidzi masovedwe subsystem zipangizo zingamuthandize michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi, zabwino zomwe ndi chithunzi cha QED. Makamaka, qubits superconducting transmonovye akhoza zimatsimikizira deterministic ndipo kwambiri zolondola teleportation Chip. Iwo kulola otaya mwachindunji zenizeni nthawi, zomwe zikuwoneka mabvuto pa tchipisi photonic. Komanso, kupereka zomangamanga zambiri scalable, ndi kaphatikizidwe bwino matekinoloje alipo poyerekeza njira yapita, monga ayoni kothawira. Panopa drawback yekha wa kachitidwe Zikuoneka ndi Mgwirizano osauka nthawi (<100 MS). vuto izi zikhoza kuthetsa ntchito QED kusakanikirana ndi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi madera sapota maselo gulu loyimba kukumbukira (asafe-mmalo ndi wantchito kapena galasi doped ndi zinthu osowa lapansi), amene angathe kupereka yaitali Mgwirizano nthawi kwadzidzidzi yosungirako deta. Panopa, kukhazikitsa ili ndi nkhani khama kwambiri za asayansi.

City ulalo

Ife teleport kwa mzinda lonse (makilomita angapo) akhoza anayamba ntchito modes kuwala. Pa imfa mokwanira otsika, kachitidwe kupereka liwiro lalitali ndi bandiwifi. Iwo akhoza kuyamba implementations kompyuta kachitidwe sing'anga-osiyanasiyana zikugwira ntchito pa mpweya kapena CHIKWANGWANI kuwala, ndi kaphatikizidwe zotheka ndi gulu loyimba yokumbukira kwadzidzidzi. Pa mtunda wautali, koma ndi liwiro m'munsi chingapezeke mwa njira hybrid kapena osauka repeaters zabwino zochokera njira sanali ya Gauss.

telefoni

Wautali kwadzidzidzi teleportation (pa 100 km) ndi malo yogwira, koma akudwalabe vuto lotseguka. Kugawanika qubits - onyamula yabwino otsika liwiro teleport pa nthawi mizere CHIKWANGWANI chamawonedwe kulankhulana ndi kupyola mlengalenga, koma pa mphindi protocol ndi probabilistic chifukwa chosakwanira kudziwika Bella.

Ngakhale probabilistic teleportation ndi kukodwa ndi oyenera ntchito monga distillation wa kukodwa ndi kwadzidzidzi cryptography, koma ndi zosiyana kulankhulana imene nkhani athandizira ayenera kwathunthu anapulumutsidwa.

Ngati timavomereza chikhalidwe ichi probabilistic, kukhazikitsa ya mwezi ndi kumamuyendera umisiri wamakono. Kuwonjezera pa kuphatikiza njira kutsatira, vuto lalikulu ndi zomvetsa mkulu chifukwa kufalitsa mtengo wa. Izi tingagonjetse mu kasinthidwe kumene kukodwa ndi anagawira kwa Kanema kuti makinawa lapadziko ndi kabowo lalikulu. Kungoganiza Kanema kabowo wa masentimita 20 pa 600 kutalika Km ndi 1 mita kabowo zakutali pansi, munthu angayembekezere pafupifupi 75 DB wa imfa mu downlink njira kuti ndi zosakwana 80 DB imfa pa mlingo pansi. Kukhazikitsa "dziko lapansi Kanema" kapena "bwenzi Kanema" ndi zovuta zambiri.

kwadzidzidzi kukumbukira

ntchito m'tsogolo wa teleportation monga gawo amalumikizana scalable mwachindunji ndi kusakanikirana ake ndi kukumbukira kwadzidzidzi. Yotsirizira ayenera chapamwamba cha mawu a dzuwa kutembenuka mawonekedwe "cheza-kanthu, ndi lolondola kujambula ndi kuwerenga, nthawi ndi mphamvu yosungirako, liwilo ndi mphamvu yosungirako. Choyamba timatha kugwiritsa ntchito repeaters kuti utithandize kulankhulana akutali kulanda mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito zolakwa kudzudzulidwa zizindikiro. Chitukuko cha wabwino kwadzidzidzi kukumbukira adzalola osati kugawira kukodwa ndi kulankhulana teleportation network koma unagwirizanitsanso pokonza mfundo kusungidwa. Ndithudi, zimenezi zikhoza kuwasandutsa zopezera padziko lonse lapansi anagawira kwadzidzidzi kompyuta kapena maziko a tsogolo kwadzidzidzi Internet.

zochitika zingamuthandize

ensembles nyukiliya mwamwambo ankaona wokongola chifukwa cha kutembenuka mtima kwawo imayenera za "kuwala kanthu" ndipo millisecond nthawi awo yosungirako, zimenezi mpaka 100 MS zofunika popereka kuwala padziko lonse. Komabe, zochitika patsogolo kwambiri tsopano akuyembekezeka pamaziko a kachitidwe michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi, kumene kwambiri sapota gulu loyimba kwadzidzidzi kukumbukira mwachindunji Integrated ndi zomangamanga scalable a dera QED. kukumbukira ili silingakhoze kokha zokulitsa Mgwirizano nthawi dera QED, komanso kupereka kuwala-mayikirowevu mawonekedwe a interconversion wa kuwala telefoni ndi Chip photons mayikirowevu.

Choncho, zinthu tsogolo la asayansi m'munda wa kwadzidzidzi Intaneti nthawi zambiri zochokera kutali kulankhulana kuwala, conjugated semiconducting mayunitsi kwa kwadzidzidzi processing zambiri.