Ndondomeko adiabatic

Izo ziri zodziwika bwino kuti losavuta, motero tayenera kukhala chinthu wamba mu chikhalidwe, naonetsere mphamvu kuwombola, ndi kutenthetsa thupi pamene kukhululukirana. Zimene zimachitika ali ponseponse kulikonse. Kutentha kutengerapo alipo mu makina, mankhwala, magetsi, kwachilengedwenso ndi ena kusintha mphamvu. Kutentha kutengerapo kungathandize kwambiri kuti kuli zamoyo. Kale izi zosiyanasiyana mawonetseredwe Umayenda kunenadi kuti zinthu zimenezi zingakhale opindulitsa ndi zoipa, ngakhale vuto ndi anathana ndi kafukufuku kapena zatsopano. Kuti, zina, chofunika kuchotsa kutentha, kulenga Nzofunikira chida chilichonse, chipangizo kapena unit.

Ndi kusiya zochimwazo kumathetsa vuto deta adiabatic ndondomeko woimira kusuntha ndondomeko thermodynamic imene palibe kufotokoza kutentha mphamvu ya dongosolo chilengedwe. Dzina la zodabwitsazi mu nkhani Greek chinenero za chikhalidwe - ". Moti" adiabatic kapena, ngati iwo amachitcha icho, adiabatic amatanthauza

Akatswiri akale chidwi zochitika izi, koma kwenikweni maphunziro a sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha m'ma 17, pamene woyamba mfundo ongolankhula anali kukonza linachokera pa maziko a ntchito experimental. Pakati pa asayansi woyamba amene anaphunzira ndondomeko adiabatic, kumene otchulidwa Gericke, Robert Boyle, Edme Mariotte. Yotsirizira awiri anali theorists poyamba m'munda umenewu, anakonza odziwika bwino malamulo Boyle. The zatsopano woyamba mderali ikuchitika pa mpweya, kotero mbali yaikulu ya malamulo zomwe ndondomeko adiabatic, kugwera mu chilengedwe thupi. Kenako, kuchuluka kwa kafukufuku wakhala kukodzedwa kwambiri, lero adiabatic zochitika anaphunzira zosiyanasiyana mapangidwe, kuphatikizapo mlingo nanotechnology.

Nkhani imene ife adiabatic ndondomeko ali chikhalidwe zotsatirazi limagwirira ya mawonetseredwe ake. Ngati ochiritsira thermodynamic zochitika achilendo pamaso kutentha ndi kuzizira, amene analandira chifukwa cha ankachita zosiyanasiyana zazikulu chilengedwe, mu nkhani iyi, chotero kuwombola zimachokeradi.

Pali njira kusonyeza ndondomeko adiabatic mwamasamu, chilinganizo, amene Pankhaniyi zimasiyana malinga zosiyanasiyana kwa ndondomekoyi.

Chilinganizo ambiri yoonetsa zodabwitsazi chiri motere: A = -VU, kumene A - ntchito kuti akuchita dongosolo thupi, VU - kuchuluka kwa kusintha ake mphamvu mkati.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya njira adiabatic:

- adiabatically-isochoric kukhudzana limodzi anapanga, chifukwa chimene ntchito matenthedwe amakhalabe buku zonse osakaniza yekha (V). Opaleshoni (A), monga taonera ku kachitidwe, mu nkhani iyi, adzakhala wofanana ndi ziro;

- yodziwika adiabatically-isobaric psinjika mayeso mpweya osakaniza, i.e. buku ake yafupika, ndipo ntchito zimakhala mtengo zoipa;

- adiabatically-isothermal ali katundu osiyanitsidwa ndi kulemekeza zakale ndipo amakhala ndi kuwonjezeka mu buku (ie, kukula kwa thupi), ndi mtengo wa ntchito amakhala positive.

Pali zitsanzo za njira adiabatic, amene akuyendera mitundu yonse ya zochitika zachilengedwe, komanso zopangidwa njira ndi zipangizo. Choncho, pamaso pawo zimawonedwa mu kafalitsidwe wa oganiza mpweya. Ndipo ndithu zinkakhalira pa Dziko Lapansi ndi adiabatic lonse ndondomeko imene mpweya wa apanga izo, anachita ntchito, kumawonjezera awo mphamvu zogonjetsera mavutowo. Chiphunzitsochi tsopano anawonjezera kuti zinthu zina zakuthambo.

pasukuluyi alipo mu zonse makina ikukhudzana ndi njira: sitima, sitima dizilo, injini kuyaka mkati ndi ena kumene m'pofunika kuti achotse kulanda kutentha.