Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich: yonena, ntchito ya sayansi

Semenov Nikolai - amadziwika Soviet Chemical, yemwe ali mmodzi wa omwe adayambitsa Chemical Physics. Komanso, ngwazi athu anali academician wa Academy of Sciences wa USSR.

zaka wamng'ono

Wasayansi tsogolo anabadwa mu mzinda Russian wa Saratov mu April 1896. Nicholas maphunziro Saratov weniweni wa sukulu mu 1913, ndipo dzina lake adalowa pa bolodi golide. Pa maphunziro, munthu anakumana Vladimir Karmilovym - mphunzitsi wake ndi bwenzi. Zinali iye amene anathandiza Semenov changu kudzipereka kwake kwa sayansi. ubwenzi wawo, anagwira mwa chaka. M'chaka cha 1913 Semenov Nikolai akadzafika mu University Petrograd mu Physics ndi Masamu luso. Nikolay Aleksandrovich Semenov anali msilikali ndipo anaganiza kuti mwana wake kudzipereka kwa apolisi. Atalowa yunivesite, panali kugawanika m'banja, umene unatha zaka zingapo. Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha phunziro, mnyamata anakhala nawo kafukufuku lalikulu motsogozedwa ndi A. Joffe. Iye analembanso mapepala angapo sayansi za maatomu ndi mamolekyulu. Mu 1917 anamaliza yunivesite ndipo analandira dipuloma ya mlingo woyamba. Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich kukhalabe sukulu, anayamba anzake professorial (chi pambuyo maphunziro).

ofesi

Wambiri Semenova Nikolaya Nikolaevicha zimapangitsa nayenso chatsopano mu 1918 anapita ku Samara kukaona makolo ake. Atangofika kumeneko anapeza anagalukira wa Czechoslovak Corps. M'chaka cha 1918, boma la Samara anagwira SRs. Patapita nthawi, Nicholas amatchedwa kukhala mongodzipereka msilikali wa asilikali a White Alonda. Pali anatumikira masabata atatu okha anatsogolera zida zankhondo batire. Chotero lalifupi moyo chifukwa chakuti analandira uthenga posachedwapa kuti bambo ake anali kudwala. The mnyamata wina kuchoka, koma bambo ake anamwalira posachedwapa.

Tomsk

Pambuyo pake, Nicholas zobwerera ku malo a nkhondo, koma anasiya ndipo anapita Tomsk, umene unali pamalo ogulitsira. Pafupifupi zaka ziwiri za moyo wake anathera pano wasayansi ntchito pa University ndi Institute of Technology. Komabe, nthawi, asayansi asonkhanitsidwa asilikali Kolchak a. Iye anali mu zida zankhondo battalion, koma posakhalitsa anasamutsira kuti radiobatalon chifukwa cha zinafuna anzake. Pambuyo pake, iye anali kupitiriza maphunziro ake pa Institute of Technology. M'nyengo yozizira 1919 mumzinda anagwira Red Army. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti Semenov maganizo Kenako anapitiriza kufufuza ndi kuphunzitsa ntchito.

oitanira Joffe

M'chaka cha 1920, Nikolai Semenov, amene yonena zimapangitsa Poyankha wina zosayembekezereka, anabwerera Petrograd pa kuyitana kwa bwenzi lake Joffe, amene pa nthawi analenga thupi-zaumisiri Institute wa radiological. Semenov anakhala mtsogoleri wa zasayansi zodabwitsa zamagetsi, ndipo patapita kanthawi iye anali wachiwiri wotsogolera wa Institute Physico-zaumisiri. Pamodzi ndi P. Kapitsa ngwazi wathu amapereka dziko la sayansi njira yatsopano ya kuyeza maginito atomu m'munda nonuniform. Njira yofanana ndi mwachangu osauka asayansi ena awiri O. Stern ndi W. Gerlach. Mu 1928, Nikolay Semenov analandira udindo wa pulofesa wa Leningrad Polytechnic Institute. Patapita nthawi, iye anakhazikitsa Institute of Chemical Physics ndipo wotsogolera ake okhazikika mpaka masiku ake otsiriza. Chidwi chakuti mkati mwa masiku ochepa utayambika yunivesite, anaitanidwa kuti azikatumikira ku Moscow.

Posachedwapa pulofesa amakhala membala wa Academy of Sciences wa USSR, ndipo mu 1932 - membala wake weniweni. Kenaka iye anatulutsa monograph lotchedwa "Chemical kinetics ndi unyolo Anachita Atamva", pomwe mfundo kutsimikizira kuli unyolo anachita.

nkhondo

Nikolay Semenov - mankhwala kuti ndi oyenera boma awo, ngakhale panthawi ya nkhondo. Mu 1941, iye anasamutsidwa kuti Kazan, kumene mlandu tagwirizana ndi kuphulika ndi moto. Posachedwapa iye anabwerera ku likulu la dziko anayamba ntchito lecturer pa Moscow State University. antchito University ali kwambiri atayamba ozizira dera lawo Semenova. Mu chaka chomwecho anakonza dipatimenti ya kinetics mankhwala, yemwe walunjika zaka 40 lotsatira.

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

Mu 1946, anakonza pamodzi ndi P. Kapitsa aforesaid bungwe Semenov ndi imodzi amakhala wake Co-anayambitsa ndi mkulu wa sayansi ndi mphamvu ya Chemistry. zaka khumi wa moyo wake (1940-1950), iye ndi yogwira membala ndi ntchito ya Soviet atomiki ntchito. Mu 1947, Semenov Nikolay akulowa m'gulu la CPSU. Kuyambira mu 1961 mpaka 1966 anali phungu membala wa CC, komanso nthawi 3 anakhala kazembe Council Wamkulukulu. Mu 1966 iye anasankhidwa kazembe 7 convocation wa District # 512.

Wasayansi anali mmodzi wa otsutsa nkhondo. Ku sukulu ya sayansi monga akatswiri ndi a sayansi monga Ya Zel'dovich, Yu Chariton, N. Emanuel. Iye anakwirira katswiri wina waukulu ku likulu Russian pa Novodevichy manda. Iye anafa imfa yachibadwa mu chaka cha 1986.

ntchito sayansi

Nikolay Semenov, kanthawi yonena kuti ndi nkhani imeneyi, anapanga zambiri zothandiza asayansi atulukira. Waukulu wa iwo ikukhudzana bwanji ndi matenthedwe chiphunzitso kuphulika, kuyaka mpweya zosakaniza ndi chiphunzitso cha zochita unyolo mu zimapangidwira. Nkhani lalikulu linali vuto la mipweya wasayansi ionization. Iye chinkhoswe mu mutu wa dielectric oipa, omwe m'kupita iye kulenga kuwonongedwa matenthedwe ya chiphunzitso. Anakhala maziko a chiphunzitso matenthedwe poyatsira. Zonsezi zinkathandiza kuti kuthetsa nkhani detonation zachiwawa ndi moto.

Pamodzi ndi Kapitza sayansi imachitika zatsopano, zomwe analola kuwerengera kupatuka pa mtanda wa maatomu paramagnetic mu munda inhomogeneous. Ndi Yu Khariton anatha kuona condensation kutentha ndi osalimba ake yovuta.

The wasayansi wotchuka amamuonera mwa chiphunzitso chake cha zochita unyolo. Patapita anali kwakukulu unyolo ndondomeko potchula angapo mfundo. apezazi Ndatsegula M'maso watsopano wa akatswiri maphunziro. Ndi Shilov anasonyeza kugwirizana njira mphamvu ndi chitukuko cha zochita unyolo. Mu 1956, Semenov anali kupereka kwa Prize Nobel mu Chemistry. Komanso, iye ndi mlembi wa buku lakuti "The chodabwitsa cha unyolo mphamvu nthambi mu zochita mankhwala."

Nikolay Semenov, amene ali mu pepala chithunzi, woyengedwa njira quasi-n'kupuma woipa Bodenstein. Izi zisanachitike, njira iyi inali maziko okha kuwerengetsera kayendedwe kuchita. Munthu ntchito ya sayansi zoyenera mutu wa njira othandizira. Anafotokozera chiphunzitso cha sakanikira catalysis ndi Vol'kenshtein F. ndi B. Provincial.

banja

Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich anakulira m'banja yabwino kwambiri. Monga ife tikudziwa kale, bambo wake anali mkulu. Akapuma iye ntchito kalaliki, ndipo anadzakhala boma milandu ndipo analandira otchuka munthu. Mayi sayansi Elena zinachokera lolemera. Agogo Nikolaya Semenova akuchikazi Tsarskoye Selo anali wantchito.

ngwazi wathu anakwatira mu 1921 ku katswiri novelist, pulofesa wa University Petrograd ndi anamasulira Dante Mary Isidorovne Boreyshe-Liverovskii. Choona chidwi kuti mkazi anali kale ndi ana anayi kuchokera kwa mwamuna wake woyamba ndipo anali wamkulu kwambiri kuposa mnzake. Patatha zaka ziwiri pamodzi ndi moyo wachimwemwe Mariya Isidorovna anamwalira ndi kansa. Patapita chaka chimodzi, wasayansi kukwatira Natale Burtsevoy - mphwanga mkazi wake. ukwati zinali zambiri bwino, ngati awiri anawapatsa ana awiri zodabwitsa: Ludmilla ndi Yuri. Mu 1971, Semenov Nikolay ayipanga kulumikiza moyo ndi mmodzi wa omuthandizira ake. Ukwati watha anali ngati woyamba, wopanda mwana.

Kufotokoza nkhani, tinganene kuti ntchito ndi zinachitikira Nikolaya Semenova anakhala olimba maziko mudziwe zambiri ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi mankhwala. ntchito wasayansi unali wotchuka ndi mndandanda wa mphoto kuti yapindula kudzera m'ntchito zawo ndi malingaliro nzeru.