Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin: yonena, mafanizo ndi zojambula wa mmisiri

Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin ntchito kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma, anatchuka kwambiri monga zojambulajambula, ndipo Illustrator, mbuye wamkulu wa chilengedwe ed. Iye analenga kalembedwe lake ndandanda, ndilo kutikonda kwambiri kwa omvera ndipo anapeza akutsanza ambiri. Tsoka la mbuye zodabwitsa komanso zotsatira zake mwa luso nthawi zonse cholinga cha munthu ano kutukuka.

kuyambira pa msewu

Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin anabadwa 4 (16) mu August 1876 m'mudzi wa Tarkhovka kuti pafupi St. Petersburg. Makolo a chithunzicho - amadziwika Kaluga amalonda, wotchuka chifukwa zothandizira mipingo yawo ndi posonyeza kukonda tsoka la lawo lapansi. atate ziboliboli, Yakov Ivanovich Bilibin anali asilikali ndipo adokotala m'ngalawamo, ndiye mutu wa kuchipatala ndi Woyang'anira zachipatala ya mfumu zombo nawo mu Chirasha Turkey nkhondo. Atate kufuna kuti mwana wake kuti akhale wodziwa malamulo, ndipo achinyamata Ivan Bilibin, maphunziro ndi Mendulo siliva sukulu, kuphunzira pa lamulo St. Petersburg yunivesite ya luso.

Anaphunzira mnyamata chikhulupiriro chabwino, anafika kwathunthu mu nkhani kumbuyo nkhani yolembedwa wake. Koma pafupi uyu si yeniyeni ndi sulivshey malamulo wanzeru m'tsogolo chiyembekezo nthawizonse ndinkakhala loto lina. Iye anali mwana ndi chilakolako adalisolola. Pamodzi ndi maphunziro ake pa yunivesite ya Bilibin iye anaphunzira sayansi ya kupenta kujambula pa sukulu ya Chojambula OPH (Society kwa Olimbikitsa a Tirhana). miyezi khumi kenako, iye anatenga makalasi mu payekha luso sukulu ya Austria ndi Hungary zojambulajambula Anton Ažbe ku Munich. Ndi apa kuti kuphunzira chithunzi Ufumuyo lofunika kwambiri ndi kukhala mu mphamvu kupeza munthu luso kalembedwe ophunzira. Kunyumba Bilibin tinaphunzira mwakhama mu situdiyo ya kupenta kutsogoleredwa ndi Ili Repina.

mutu lapamtima

Pa nthawi ya phunziro Bilibina apamwamba Art Sukulu ya Academy of Tirhana, pamene mnyamatayo anapereka Repin, panali chionetsero cha Viktor Vasnetsov, yemwe analemba wapadera chikhalidwe chikondi pa nthano Russian ndi nthano. amaonetsa ambiri chionetserocho anali wotchuka m'tsogolo aluso wathu. Bilibin Ivan Yakovlevich anali pakati pawo. ntchito Vasnetsov ndi chidwi wophunzira mtima ananena pambuyo pake kuti iye anawona apa pali chimene Subconsciously kufunira ndi pined zimene moyo wake.

M'zaka 1899-1902 Russian ulendo kukolola sheya boma chikalata mabuku zino, zili ndi mafanizo kwambiri zongopeka wowerengeka. Panali zithunzi likutipatsa kuti nthano "Vasilisa Chokongola", "White bakha", "Ivan Tsarevich ndi Firebird" ndi ena ambiri. Mlembi wa zojambula anali kutchulidwa Bilibin Ivan Yakovlevich.

Mafanizo nthano

kumvetsa kwake kwa mzimu dziko ndi ndakatulo kuti amapuma Russian nthano kusanduka osati mchikakamizo cha chikhumbo yosokoneza kwa luso wowerengeka. chithunzicho ankafunitsitsa kudziwa ndi kuphunzira chigawo wauzimu wa anthu ake, ndakatulo yake ndi moyo. Mu 1899, Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin anayenda mu Egny m'mudzi m'chigawo lina la Tver, mu 1902, anaphunzira chikhalidwe ndi ethnography a m'chigawo Vologda, patapita chaka, chithunzicho anapita Olonets ndi Arkhangelsk chigawo. Kuyambira maulendo Bilibin anabweretsa mndandanda wa ntchito za amisiri wowerengeka, matabwa zomangamanga kujambula.

zidindo lake atachita ntchito journalistic ndi malipoti kufufuza za anthu zojambulajambula, zomangamanga ndi zovala dziko. Ngakhale yobala zotsatira za maulendo zakhala choyambirira ntchito Bilibin, amene anatulukira kumulakalaka mbuye ndandanda ndi kalembedwe wapadera kwambiri. Mu Bilibin moyo matalente awiri anzeru - kafukufuku ndi wojambula, ndi wina amadyetsedwa mphatso. Ivan Yakovlevich mosamala zinayenda tsatanetsatane, osalola kuti ndi zonama mukapeza aliyense wosakwatira.

The kulunjika kwa kalembedwe

Kodi ndi wosiyana ndi unsembe wake aluso ena Bilibin Ivan Yakovlevich? Photo wa ntchito zake zodabwitsa ndi osangalatsa zingatithandize kumvetsa izo. Pa pepala tikuona bwino likutipatsa unatengera dera, anachita mwatsatanetsatane changu ndi whimsical watercolor phale ayerera mitundu kwambiri mokondwera. mafanizo ake a epics ndi nkhani ya atafotokoza, moyo, ndakatulo ndi wopanda nthabwala.

Kusamalira kudalilika mbiri la fano, amene anaonetsa ziwerengero zikuperekedwa zovala, zomangamanga, ziwiya, mbuye anakhoza kulenga chikhalidwe cha kukongola matsenga ndi mwachinsinsi. Izi kwambiri mzimu wa kucheza kulenga "World wa Art" Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin, amene yonena ali limodzi ndi gulu la ojambula zithunzi kugwirizana. Iwo anali onse chidwi okwatira mu chikhalidwe cha zapitazi, entailing kwa zithumwa za masiku amakedzana.

Maganizo a dziko zithunzi

Kuyambira 1907 mpaka 1911 Bilibin analenga mndandanda wa mafanizo a epics waukulu ndipo maphwando a ndakatulo ntchito Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Apa okondweretsa, kudzikondweretsa zithunzi za "nthano ya Golden Cockerel" ndi "The nthano za Tsar Saltan". Illustrations akhala osati enaake, koma kupitiriza ntchito zimenezi mawu, zomwe, mosakaika, kuwerenga mbuye mzimu Bilibin.

Prince Ivan ndi Chule, amene akatulukire kwa kalonga, Thumba la Mafupa ndipo Yaga, Ilya Muromets ndi Nightingale ndi wakuba, Elena Fair, Churila Plenkovich, Svyatogor - mmene otchuka ambiri anaona mtima ndi "nakhalanso" pa pepala Ivan Ya!

Folk luso wapereka mbuye zidule ena: njira yokongola ndi bast kupanga malo luso kuti Bilibin anabweretsa ntchito zawo ku ungwiro.

Activities kulisindikiza

Ivan Bilibin ntchito monga wojambula ndi m'magazini a nthawi. Iye analenga katswiri yosindikiza kuposa kwambiri kuti kukula kwa ntchito imeneyi ndi M'mawu ake oyamba mu chikhalidwe otchuka. Nsanja ya "Anthu Kuwerenga Malo", "The Golden akubera", "Art Chuma cha Russia" ndipo ena sankakhulupirira n'komwe kuchita popanda vignettes kaso ndi nkhani, wallpaper, zikopa ndi Bilibina zithunzi.

World kutchuka

Russian amisiri matchati anadziwika kunja. Iwo amaonetsa pa zisudzo ku Prague ndipo Paris, Venice ndi Berlin, Vienna, Brussels ndi Leipzig. Iwo tinalisindikizanso m'magazini yachilendo, ndi malo achilendo analamula zina zachidule Bilibin kwa stagecraft.

zojambula satirical

Mu 1905 anabwera koyamba Russian zisinthe. Monga ambiri a aluntha, ndi Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin ndi kudzoza werera Nyamulani misa. Mu satirical magazini "Bugbear" ndi "Hell-mail" anaonekera zojambula wojambula. Iye amapanga zina zachidule oseketsa, ankanyoza akuluakulu a mfumu, mu inki ndi wotchuka nthano kalembedwe wake Zitha chithunzi yaikulu Mfumu nandolo, amwano lalitali pa anthu ake. Pa zojambula kunachitika chithunzicho ngakhale anamangidwa kwa zaka makumi awiri ndi anai.

zokongola ndi watercolor mbuye

ntchito Bilibin ngati wolemba ndi anayamba zokongola ndi ed mgwirizano ndi Paris National Theater, imene anam'patsa Kuti zina zachidule ku opera ndi Rimsky-Korsakov a "Snow Buthu". Ndiyeno panali waika kwa chuma ku St. Petersburg ndi Moscow. The bwino za zisudzo ndi Rimsky-Korsakov a "The Golden Cockerel" mu Moscow chifukwa palibe mbali yaing'ono zazikulu zokongola lowoneka, olengedwa ndi dzanja mbuye. Bilibin anapanga zina zachidule la zovala kuti Mussorgsky a "Boris Godunov" ndi zovala Spanish kwa sewero la Calderón a "Purigatoriya St. Patrick," ndipo kwa sewero lanthabwala a "Nkhosa gwero" Lope de A Vega a. wojambula mwaluso anayamba kalembedwe ndi Diaghilev kuvina.

zaka khumi, kuyambira 1907, Bilibin anaphunzitsa zithunzi pa Society kwa Olimbikitsa a luso sukulu. Pambuyo ulendo England ndi Ireland Ivan Y. "kudwala" zokongola. Iye mwakhama analemba watercolor nyanja, kumwamba ndi nkhanza gombe British. Miyala ndi seascapes chithunzicho ntchito mu Crimea, amene anayenda chilimwe chilichonse.

kusokonekera chosintha, emigration

Mu February 1917 kusintha zinachitika mu Russia. Ivan Yakovlevich anamutenga iye. Iye ngakhale analenga zojambula sewero ndi awiri mutu mphungu, amene korona chovala mikono ya Provisional boma, ndipo kenako zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito minting ndalama.

The October kuukira boma sanazichite wojambula aluntha. Mu 1920 iye anachoka kudziko lina ku doko la Novorossiysk ndipo anatumizidwa ku Egypt. Apa Bilibin amayembekezeka moyo kwa zaka zinayi.

Ntchito za nyengo ino - zina zachidule kuchokera chachinsinsi ndipo wosatha mapiramidi, waona komanso zithunzi zina zachidule anthu a Cairo.

Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1925 Ivan Yakovlevich anapita ku Paris ndipo anayamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama mabuku, zithunzi Russian, Western ndi kum'mawa nthano. Pa nthawi ya emigration Bilibin analenga kutisokoneza kwambiri zithunzi ndi frescoes wa mpingo Russian mu Olsany manda ku Prague.

Khumi pakati pa zaka 1920-1930 Ivan Yakovlevich m'ndendemo ndi bwino ntchito pa ndondomeko ya chuma ed anapanga zojambula kwa nyengo sewero la pa zisudzo Champs Élysées, anagwira ntchito entreprise «Russian sewero Paris," walenga ziwembu zachilendo kuvina Stravinsky a "The Firebird."

kubwerera

Moyo mu ukapolo anali wolemera ndipo free, koma chithunzicho sasiya kukula kulakalaka Russia. Mu ukapolo wake zaufulu, sunatenge nzika ena ndi anatenga nzika Soviet mu 1935. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye analenga yaikulu gululi "Mikula Selyaninovich" yomangira nyumba ya kazembe wa dziko la Soviet ku likulu French. Patapita chaka chimodzi, chithunzicho ndi banja lake n'kubwerera kwawo. Bilibin anali mwansangala boma latsopano ndi anakhala katswiri wa msonkhano zidzachitike pa Institute of Painting, Chithunzi, Zomangamanga Academy of Tirhana mu Leningrad. Iye sanali kusiya ntchito m'munda wa zithunzi m'buku.

The zojambulajambula wotchuka , anafa kuzinga Leningrad mu 1942 asafe ndi njala ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu manda oikamo pulofesa pa Smolensk manda.

Otchetliv ndi njanji yowala amene anachoka mu mbiri ya dziko luso chodabwitsa Russian wojambula Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin. Zojambula, murals, zithunzi ndi zina mantha zitsanzo wake zilandiridwenso zasungidwa tsopano zopereka boma ndi ena. Iwo azikongoletsa zipinda "wa Russian Museum" mu St. Petersburg, ali anasonyeza mu muholo Museum. Bakhrushin mu Moscow, Kiev Museum wa Russian Art, ku London Victoria ndi Albert Museum, mu Paris National Gallery mu Oxford Ashmolean Museum ndi ena ambiri.