Ndi fanizo la mankhwala Kodi

Chithunzi mabuku zakhala bwino kwa onse. Iwo bwino ndi chidwi, makamaka kwa ana. zithunzi amenewa amatchedwa ntchito mafanizo. Pamene mabuku pamanja, zojambula, nayenso, zinalengedwa ndi dzanja. Zinali okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo palibe onse. Mkubwela yosindikiza mabuku monga kwambiri otchuka. Nanga fanizo? Kodi chitsanzo kapena kamangidwe, kufotokoza kapena supplementing lemba ntchito.

Vekitala akuti, akhoza kuzindikiridwa mwa lingaliro yotakata kapena yopapatiza. M'lingaliro wodziika - ndi fano lililonse limene likufotokoza lemba ntchito. Amathandiza kumvetsa zimene ntchito, kupanga ganizo la chinthu chosangalatsa ndi mwachilengedwe. Zimenezi zingakhale mwasayansi-chidziwitso Zojambula (mwachitsanzo, pulani chifukwa zinkapereka mapu kapena zithunzi)
kapena zaluso ndiponso zosangalatsa.

ndi fanizo m'njira yopapatiza mawu chiyani? Awa ndi zithunzi zosonyeza malemba, kutanthauzira izo ndi kuthandiza wowerenga kumvetsa. Ngakhale pamaso kuwerenga iwo n'zotheka kuti kuyenda mu zili ntchito. Pali zojambula zambiri za akatswiri otchuka omwe limeneli ndi. Mwachitsanzo, zojambula Daumier kuti buku la Cervantes 'Don Quixote. "

Illustrators

Anthu ambiri aluso tsopano zikusonyeza amaona palokha, ngakhale sadziwa tanthauzo ya mu kudzipatula ku lemba. Ndipotu, iwo ayenera kutsatira zili ndi zonse izo. Wojambula kumathandiza owerenga kumvetsa bwino malemba, aitane anthu ndiponso chilengedwe chawo. Iye kawirikawiri amasankha buku kuti iye amakonda ndi pafupi maganizo ake a dziko. Komanso, illustrators muyenera kudziwa zambiri za moyo ndi miyambo ya anthu a nthawi imeneyo, amene akambidwa mu bukhu.

Yojambulidwa ntchito bwino pozindikira ndi kukonda kwambiri ndi ana. Zithunzi kukopa tcheru ndi chidwi owerenga. Pali zambiri odziwika bwino amisiri amene analenga mafanizo kwa bukhu. Ndi I. Bilibin, Lebedev, Yuri Vasnetsov, E. Charushin ndi ena ambiri. Ntchito zoterozo kukhala kukoma zokongoletsa mwana, kumuphunzitsa kaganizidwe zosangalatsa ndi kuphunzitsa chikondi kwa mabuku.

mitundu ya zithunzi

Ndipo kodi fanizo mfundo za zosiyanasiyana mitundu ake? mabuku anayikidwa kwambiri zithunzi zosiyanasiyana: izi chosema, etching, facsimile kapena lithography. Mayina mafanizo ndi ndondomeko ya kusintha awo pepala. Amasiyana ndi malo lomwe wotanganidwa mu bukhu.

Kumayambiriro kwa mutu kapena anaika fanizo kuwaza. Iwo kuthandiza owerenga ndi kukhazikitsidwa kuwerenga ndi kulenga izo mu maganizo bwino. Mwa mafanizo lemba anayikidwa m'mimba, polupolostnye, sheeted kapena chitetezo. Palinso zojambula mu masamba a. mitundu onsewa kuthandiza wowerenga kumvetsa bwino mankhwala ndi zotchulidwa. Palinso mafanizo mathero zimene zimasonyeza zofunika kwambiri mu bukhu, lingaliro amafotokoza. Ndiponso nsalu yotchinga, ndi kutha ayenera choyalamo kalembedwe chomwecho.

Ndipo yense amene akonda mabuku, mukudziwa zomwe fanizo, koma ambiri a mitundu yake yodziwika. Kuti kalembera wa ntchito luso ntchito zilembo zambiri - mtundu likulu makalata kumayambiriro kwa ndimeyo, zojambula penti ndi zojambula kapena vignettes - zokongoletsera kapena nkhani zikuchokera mu bwalo.