Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Wambiri ndi ntchito

Dante Gabriel Rossetti - wolemba ndakatulo, zojambulajambula ndi Illustrator, amene anali mmodzi mwa "Pre-Raphaelite Abale" anayambitsa. Mu ntchito zake - zojambula, ndakatulo ndi sonnets - anasungabe chiyero cha luso, free ku maphunziro, anaimba chikondi cha oyambirira Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Mmodzi wa mitu ankakonda wa Pre-Raphaelites anali unrequited chikondi. Ndi moyo wonse wa Rossetti, mwanjira ina, chinali izo. Akazi anamuuzira, anakhala heroines wa zojambula wake. Komabe, ubwenzi ziboliboli ndi Wokondedwa sitinganene kuti yosavuta, monga, ndithudi, ndi moyo wake wonse.

banja

Dante Gabriel Rossetti anabadwa May 12, 1828. atate wake, Gabriele Rossetti, anali wa ku Italy amene pazifukwa zandale anasamuka ku England. Waphunzitsa pa Royal College of chinenero ndi mabuku. Bambo anga mwana wake chikondi cha luso Italy, makamaka ntchito za Dante Alighieri, kumene munthu amasonyeza osati mu dzina la mnyamata, koma zofuna ndi zokhumba zawo, amene adzachita kupyola mu moyo.

mayi Rossetti a - Frensis Meri Lavinia Polidori - kubanja la Gaetano Polidori, wasayansi ndi emigrant ku Italy. Kuyambira ndili mwana, Dante Gabriel anakulira chikhalidwe cha luso ndi zinapatsira ndi bambo oyambirira ntchito zake changu wolemba ndakatulo kwambiri ndi zaumulungu, amene ulemu ndi dzina lake. Zolembalemba talente anali alongo ake ndi m'bale. Maria Francesca anali mlembi wa buku lakuti "mthunzi wa Dante." Wamng'ono mlongo, Kristina, anali wotchuka ngati wolemba ndakatulo. M'bale, William Co-anayambitsa Pre-Raphaelite Society mabuku wotsutsa.

maphunziro

Dante Gabriel Rossetti, amene ntchito afalitsidwa ali ndi zaka 15, anaphunzira ku London Mafumu College, ku zaka 9. Loyamba masitepe achinyamata wolemba kunachitika mu mabuku. Mu zaka 5, Rossetti analemba sewero, 13 - nkhani. maphunziro Luso mnyamata anali wopereŵera. Iwo anayamba ndi sukulu zojambula kumene Rossetti analowa zaka 16 ndipo kumene anaphunzitsidwa pansi pa utsogoleri wa D. S. Kotmena. Kenako mu 1841, anali Academy of Painting Genri Sassa. Zaka zisanu, anakhala wophunzira wa gulu la kupenta akale amene opaleshoni pa Royal Academy.

Kenaka, kwa kanthawi mphunzitsi ndi Dante Maddox Brown, chikondi wojambula, mochepa kwambiri adamthamangira Rossetti mabuku. Mu 1848, iye anakomana ndi Zoyenera Hunt, amene angamuthandize mukhale njira ntchito ndi utoto mafuta pa chilengedwe zojambula loyamba la Pre-Raphaelites.

maphunziro fraternity

Anthu chinsinsi chimene zinapangitsa akaidi azimuth latsopano ndakatulo ndiponso kupenta, unapangidwa 50 ntchentche za m'ma XIX. Rossetti anali ndi zaka 18. Koma chifukwa mtima ndi Zamkatimu view yaluso, anatha kukhala mtsogoleri wa "Pre-Raphaelite Ubale." Pa achinyamata Zoyenera Hunt ndi John Everett Millais amaona kuti maphunziro, amachuluka mu kupenta nyengo ndi misonkhano zonse akhungu onyenga. Iye tikhale luso, kukana pafupifupi luso lililonse. Malinga ndi ziwalo za ubale, kutsitsimutsa kupenta English akanangokhoza kubwerera ku miyambo ya luso ku Italy oyambirira Kubadwa Kwatsopano.

Bwererani ku kuphweka ndi chiyero

Abwino kwa kalembedwe Pre-Raphaelite wa kupenta anali aluso kwambiri amene anagwira ntchito Raphael: Perugino, Fra Angelico, Giovanni Bellini. British chidwi m'chiyero ndi kuwona mtima kwa zojambula za ambuye ku Italy oyambirira Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Ungwiro ndi choonadi, kulemekeza kale ndi romanticism, izi kukanidwa ndi udali ndi academicism amaphatikiza ntchito za Pre-Raphaelites ndi kuwerenga molimba mtima nkhani anakhazikitsa, luso mu njira ya kupenta. Anatsogoleredwa ndi olamulira wa Nthawi makedzana, koma chifukwa cha zimenezi, zimene zinachititsa kuti pamapeto pake chitukuko cha makono ndi zomwe wafunsira ophiphiritsa a. Manifesto "Pre-Raphaelite Abale" linasindikizidwa mu magazini "Mphukira", kofalitsidwa January kwa April 1850 anthu a m'gulu la.

A maonekedwe atsopano pa nkhani bwino

PRB kalata yoyamba amaimira ndi Pre-Raphaelite Ubale ( «Pre-Raphaelite Abale"), kuonekera mu kupenta Rossetti "Youth wa Virgin Mary" (1848-1849). Zitsanzo zojambula kukhala mayi ndi mlongo wa mmisiri. Ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi kusiyana kwa maphunziro ziwalo Raphaelite Abale kufunafuna mwachibadwa mwadala anakana thandizo kwa akatswiri lachitsanzo amene ankaona kuti anzathu ndi achibale.

Mu ntchito ya Pre-Raphaelites zambiri anatembenukira kwa nzika za m'Baibulo. Komabe, kumasulira kwawo ankasiyana kwambiri kuchokera anakhazikitsa luso zithunzi. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi - mmodzi wa zithunzi, limene linalembedwa ndi Dante Gabriel Rossetti - "Annunciation". Ndi chithunzi maphunziro The Virgin Mary nthawi zonse akuonetsedwa ndi wapadzadziko zikutengedwa ndi mphatso kulemekeza Mulungu ndi udindo pa kugwirizana. Rossetti pa cithunzithunzi, tirikuona msungwana kwambiri wamba, wopatsa chidwi mngelo ndi kubweretsedwa ndi iwo kutsogolera. kutanthauzira ili la Pre-Raphaelites kukumana chilakolako cha choonadi ndi, mwachibadwa, chikwiyire namondwe wa mkwiyo.

Rossetti - wojambula

Ntchito yabwino ya Dante Gabriel Rossetti analengedwa mu nthawi kuchokera 1850 pa zaka 1860. kalembedwe wake ndi kuzindikira: kunja otchulidwa malo amodzi, kumene munthu amasonyeza pa nkhope ya ntchito lamkati la otentha zikuchokera ndi zithunzi zazikulu zingapo mu Pachithunzipa ndi zinthu maziko phunziro yokha. zojambula wake ali odzaza ndi khalidwe, opangidwa kuchokera pawiri mbali zenizeni ndi zithunzi kungoganiza. Rossetti sagwiritsa ntchito mitundu mdima minimizes kuwala ndi mthunzi - ngakhale zojambula wake kuwala utoto oyera ndi yowala. chithunzicho ntchito mwaluso mzere ntchito yake, kupereka expressiveness kapena mwachikondi fano ndi contours yeniyeni ndi kunthunthumira.

Otsutsa chimatanthauza kupenta Rossetti onse kukongoletsa ndi chadzaoneni. Chuma yotsirizira bwino akuwonetseredwa mu ndondomeko ya ntchito zojambula pakhoma ili imodzi mwa nyumba ya University of Oxford. Anasankha nkhani - mafanizo kwa buku ndi Thomas Malory ndi "Imfa ya Mfumu Arthur."

Rossetti - ndakatulo

Dante Gabriel Rossetti, amene ndakatulo kufunika nthawi zambiri kuvala ndime ndi ntchito za Shakespeare, kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito nkhani yomweyo zithunzi ndi sonnets. Painting ndi ndakatulo ntchito zake ndi limodzi. Iye adayandikira mitu zithunzi mu ndime nadzaza wapadera ndakatulo zabwino ndi sonnets. Mfundo za Pre-Raphaelite Rossetti anali ndi ndakatulo. Iye sanayambe pafupifupi anakamba nkhani ya tsiku Anadzaza mavesi akale kununkhira. Sonnets ndi ndakatulo Dante Gabrielya zonse zizindikiro ndi osiyana phunziro mwatsatanetsatane, ngati zojambula wake. Anagwiritsa ntchito mosinthanasinthana chachikale chinkawavuta mwadala kuwayalanso kutsindika mawu, kuika akuti bwino mu nkhani zosayembekezereka chotero anafunafuna expressiveness wapadera.

Waukulu ndakatulo ntchito kuti analengedwa ndi Dante Gabriel Rossetti - "Nyumba ya Moyo". Ichi ndi chopereka zikuphatikizapo 101 sonnet. Aliyense wa iwo anafotokoza ina moyo ndakatulo ndi: a ena ola kapena zakanthawi maganizo anamuonapo kapena chitsanzo olembedwa. Rossetti zambiri akatulukire kwa m'Chiarabu lapansi. Iye ankagwiritsa ntchito mwaluso ndi mitu akale ndi luso, kaphatikizidwe iwo ndi njira zamakono ndi kumupanga iye ndi chidwi ntchito limaonetseratu.

Muses

Rossetti anakumana mkazi wake m'tsogolo 1850. Elizabeth Siddall ophatikizidwa yabwino wokongola ndi Pre-Raphaelite ubale anafunsa kuti akatswiri ambiri ojambula zithunzi. Mmodzi wa zithunzi yochititsa chidwi moyo imeneyi fano lake zojambulidwa ndi Rossetti. "Beatrice analidalitsa" chikusonyezera wokondedwa Dante Alighieri tulo pa nthawi imene mbalame kuimira imfa, ananena m'dzanja la poppy maluwa. odwala Elizabeth TB anamwalira pasanathe zaka ziwiri pambuyo banja lawo, mu 1862, kuchoka ambiri osokoneza bongo a (malinga n'kunena kwa Baibulo lina, anali kudzipha). Sakutonthozeka wamasiye anaika mu bokosi la ndimaikonda "Nyumba ya Moyo". Komabe, patatha zaka zingapo Rossetti anavomera exhume thupi ndi buku wotsatira wa ndakatulo.

imasonkhezera wina wojambula anali Fanny Cornforth, akuonetsedwa iwo mu kupenta "Lady Lilith» (Lady Lilith). Dante Gabriel Rossetti anakumana ndi wokongola koma wosaphunzira mtsikana m'chaka cha 1858 ndipo ubwenzi wawo unatha pafupifupi onse moyo wanga, ngakhale ukwati wojambula ndi ubwenzi wake ndi Dzheyn Morris. Fanny zambiri anafunsa kuti Rossetti. Iye mosavuta anaonekela zojambula "Pambuyo kukupsopsonani," "Lukretsiya Bordzhia" ndi kale dzina lake "Lady Lilith". Dante Gabriel Rossetti anathetsa Fanny mu 1877, pamene Thanzi wa mmisiri anafooka kwambiri.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Atamwalira Elizabeth Rossetti anakhala recluse. Panthawi imeneyi, pamodzi ndi Fanny yaikulu kufunika kwa iye amakhala Dzheyn Morris, mkazi wa mnzake William. fano lake limapezeka kuti "Proserpina" zojambula, "Marian," "Veronica Veronese" ndi ena ambiri. thanzi wojambula akuyamba kufooketsa. Iye wakana nawo zisudzo, kuwonjezeka kudalira ake hydrate chloral. Jane akhala moyo ndi Rossetti ndi chilolezo tacit mwamuna wake, amene anapita Iceland mu 1871. Komabe, kuzindikira ndi kuwonongeka kukula maganizo a wokonda ake ndi ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi zakukwawa kuchokera Rossetti, ndipo ubale wawo yafupika m'makalata.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti anafa April 9, 1882. Ndipo patapita miyezi iwiri, panali chionetsero cha ntchito yake anali ndi kupambana kwakukulu mu England. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, amene yonena ladzala zokwera yowala ndi masoka amene anasiya chizindikiro chidwi pa luso. ntchito Yake anatsanzira, anaphunzira adziwe mochedwa XIX - oyambirira XX atumwi. Today mu luso pali mawu akuti "rossetizm" kulumikizanitsa amisiri amene ankagwira ntchito ku unsembe wa wamkulu Pre-Raphaelites.