Wamanga wa Cathedral St. Isaac ku St. Petersburg

St. Isake Cathedral - imodzi mwa nyumba zokongola kwambiri St. Petersburg. Zingati kudzoza, luso ndi ntchito padera mu chilengedwe chake! zomangamanga ndi diso kugwira, mkati mesmerizing golide spire limaonekera kuchokera ku mbali zonse za mudzi, ndi kwa zipilala limapereka malingaliro chigulu cha mzinda. Yolimbikitsa mwaluso n'zosatheka akamadutsa, ndi ankakonda malo alendo ndi mumzindawo pa Neva. Ndipo alendo ambiri ku funso lakuti: "The wamanga amene anamanga Cathedral St. Isake, - amene anali kuti?". Timaphunzira yankho m'nkhani ino.

Maphunziro ndi luso

Anabadwa wamanga wa Cathedral St. Isaac si mu Russia ndi mu mzinda wa Paris. unyamata wake chinachitikira ndi nkhondo Napoleonic wa XVIII mochedwa - oyambirira XIX zaka. Mnyamata anaphunzira pa Royal Academy of Zomangamanga ku Paris (m'masiku amenewo anawatcha Sukulu Special la Zomangamanga). Kawiri konse, iye anafunika kusiya kuphunzitsa ndi kupita ku usilikali, ku nkhondo asilikali a Napoleon mu Italy ndi Germany.

Koma, ngakhale mavuto onsewa, wazomangamanga tsogolo la Cathedral St. Isake anakhoza kuphunzira kuchokera yabwino wokondedwa ntchito aluso French nyengo. Pa nthawi imene asilikali, iye anatha kuona zitsanzo zambiri za luso chakale, ndipo pambuyo kugonja Napoleon a - kuti akaphunzire koyamba Paris, komwe ankayang'anira ntchito yomanga.

Komabe, luso, wofuna wamanga ankadziwa kuti kudutsa mavuto pambuyo nkhondo France iye zidzasowa ntchito nzeru zawo. Ndipo ndiye muyenera kuyang'ana malo abwino kwambiri kwa kukwaniritsidwa kwa luso lawo. Ndiyeno wamanga tsogolo la Cathedral St. Isaac ku St. Petersburg anaganiza kugwiritsa ntchito luso lawo. N'chifukwa chiyani kumeneko? Likulu yamphongo ya Russian Ufumu alibe njira kumanga mwachangu ndi luso zofunika.

Atafika ku Russia

M'chaka cha 1816, ku France akadzafika mu St. Petersburg, komwe adalandira malo draftsman mu Komiti ya pa Affairs wa Omanga ndi Water Works. Ndiyamika luso lake khama ndi chodzidalira, posakhalitsa chimakhala chachilendo zofunika ntchito zinthu zatsopano. Savvy ndi luso muzioneka bwino pa anthu otchuka kumuthandiza kusuntha kumafano ake.

Posakhalitsa ndi apangidwe ndi osangalala chochitika: mutu m'Komiti ya akuonetsa kuti luso France Mfumu Alexander I ngati katswiri amatha m'maulendo zinalephereka Cathedral woyamba St. Isake.

Wazomangamanga, osati ngakhale kukhala odziwika bwino, anazungulira ofuna ena popanda vuto. Iye anatha kupanga chidwi pa mfumu, popeza anapereka kwa Mochititsa chidwi chokongoletsedwa Album ndi 24 thumbnail Utsogoleri mawonekedwe, ozikidwa pa mipingo yokongola kwambiri ku Ulaya. Iyo inali chabe chinachake chimene inkatha zogwirizana mu maonekedwe olemekezeka a mumzindawo pa Neva. Mu December 1817, patatha chaka chimodzi ndi theka atafika, sate France anakhala bwalo wamanga. Choncho akuyamba ntchito yaikulu ya zaka makumi anayi - kuti ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe inamangidwa pa tchalitchi wotchuka, amene ife masiku ano.

kalembedwe mbuye

akusoŵa kuphatikiza ziwiri mafunde akuluakulu: High classicism (mwinamwake kudziwika monga Russian Ufumu), ndipo Akasakaniza - osakaniza zinthu kuchokera mumaganiza osiyana mapulani. M'njira imeneyi, ya mmisiri wa Cathedral St. Isaac ndi Albucasis nthawi yake. Nthawi zambiri ntchito mfundo za akale nyumba Gothic kuti anapatsa abwino wapadera.

Mu 1840 wazomangamanga anapanga ulendo wopita ku England, France, Italy ndi Germany kuti bwino peculiarities wa ulemerero mkati mwa nyumba ya kachisi. Zinachitikira wabweza maziko a ntchito, amene wakhala brainchild chachikulu cha French wamanga.

Yambani wa yomanga tchalitchi

Engineering ndi ntchito yomanga inayamba mu 1818. Yomanga anakokera kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo kangapo inaimitsidwa chifukwa machimo akuluakulu mu zithunzi ndi. Koma chifukwa zinachitikira gulu la akatswiri odziwa kupirira mavuto.

woyang'anira ntchito yomanga anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zonse. The chipangizo mwapadera kunyamula zitsulo, zingwe zitsulo zolimba kwa njerwa ndi mwala - izi ndi zina zotsogola zomangamanga ndi mamangidwe zothetsera ntchito achinyamata wamanga wa Cathedral St. Isake. Mu St. Petersburg, ndiye likulu la ufumu wakale, zambiri chidwi linaperekedwa kwa kukonzanso a malo. Ngakhale ndiye zinaonekeratu kuti anali kuyembekezera kuti akhale mmodzi mwa makadi kuyendera a mzinda.

Kumalizidwa kwa

Mu 1840s oyambirira kuti ntchito yaikulu inatha, ndi mbuye kumvetsa chokongoletsera mkati mwa kachisi. Mkati izo anaika Russia yaikulu othimbirira galasi zenera chosonyeza Khristu. Kamangidwe zina poyamba anachita mu mafuta, koma kwa linasiyidwa ndi mkulu chinyezi chifukwa. Kapenanso tchalitchi denga ndi khoma mapanelo, ndipo chokongoletsedwa 150 zithunzi anaika mu njira zithunzi chuma chapadera - smalt. Ojambula zithunzi kuti ntchito mitundu oposa 12 zikwi, kupanga mafano katswiri woona.

Wonse mfundo kapangidwe anayamba ndi mmisiri wa Cathedral St. Isake, koma ntchito pa chilengedwe cha zojambula, Zithunzi, othimbirira galasi ndi ziboliboli aluso ambiri luso la nthawi: Karl Bryullov, N. Pimenov, P. Klodt ndi ena ambiri. Chimodzi mwa zochitika zikuluzikulu za tchalitchichi anayamba gilded mzikiti, amene adatenga makilogalamu 100 a golide.

Ndi chilengedwe cha St. Petersburg mwaluso chifukwa zakuda kuneneratu: pamene zikakwaniritsidwa Isake Cathedral, wazomangamanga afa. Ulosiwu unakwaniritsidwa bwino kwambiri: May 30, 1858, pa tchalitchi unatsegulidwa ndi odzipereka, ndi pa June 28, woyambitsa wa ntchito ndi akufa pa usinkhu wa zaka 72.

Sikuti Cathedral Isake

Wazomangamanga kwa zaka makumi anai mphambu cimodzi, ankakhala St. Petersburg, anali kumanga osati mwaluso wake wotchuka. Mu 1832, pa Palace Square inamangidwa analengedwa ndi ntchito yakeyo Alexander yachiwiri.

Komanso French wamanga wamaliza ambiri malamulo payekha. Chifukwa izi masiku ano zachifumu ndi malo mu mtima wa St. Petersburg anamusilira zomangamanga wachisomo, amene mwangwiro zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a mzinda.

Tsopano ndi nthawi dzina ndi luso munthu, nkhani imeneyi. Wamanga wa Cathedral St. Isake - Ogyust Monferran. Uyamiko kwa Iye, ambiri a nyumba wotchuka likulu kumpoto ndendende monga mosavuta kuzindikira ndi chodabwitsa m'maganizo mawonekedwe.