Momwe mapiramidi anamangidwira

Ndani amadziwa momwe mapiramidi amamangidwira? Kukhazikitsa piramidi, yofanana ndi ya Aiguputo, ili ndi vuto lero. Izi zidzafuna kulenga zipangizo zapadera. M'dziko lakale, anthu okha, mphamvu zawo zamagetsi, anagwiritsidwa ntchito pachifukwa ichi. Ntchito yomangamanga inachititsa kuti anthu ambiri azikhala m'dzikoli. Komabe, kuwonjezera apo, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti chikhalidwe cha Aigupto chinalimbikitsidwa osati kungokakamiza koma komanso malingaliro amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga mapiramidi. Mwanjira ina, sikungathe kupanga zomwe ife timatcha zodabwitsa za dziko lapansi.

Ku Igupto wakale, panthawi zosiyanasiyana, mapiramidi angapo akuluakulu anamangidwa - manda amanda a milungu-aharahara omwe ankakhala padziko lapansi.

Funso la momwe tingamangire mapiramidi, limayambitsa mikangano. Yaikulu mwa iwo imatha kutalika kwa mamita 146. Iyi ndi piramidi ya Cheops. Zomangamangazo zinkafunika pafupifupi miyala iwiri yokwana miliyoni ndi theka milioni, yomwe iliyonse inali yolemera matani awiri ndi theka. Pamwamba pa miyala ya monoliths piramidiyi inkagwera ndi slabs zopukutidwa.

M'badwo wa piramidi iyi ndi zaka zoposa zinayi ndi theka zikwi. Herodotus analemba kuti ntchito yomanga nyumbayo inatha zaka zopitirira makumi awiri, panthaŵi yomwe anthu zana limodzi adagwira nawo ntchito yomanga imodzimodziyo. Palibe deta momwe Aigupto anamanga mapiramidi, sungasungidwe. Zikuwoneka kuti panalibe zolemba zoterozo. Komabe, chinsinsi cha mapiramidi chimadetsa nkhaŵa anthu athu, omwe amayesetsa kuti awonongeke sichimaima mpaka pano. Pali zatsopano zatsopano.

Asayansi ndi ofufuza apanga malingaliro angapo a momwe angamangire mapiramidi. Malingana ndi machitidwe ambiri, miyala yamatabwa inakwezedwa pamwamba pa mapiramidi pokokera pamphepete mwa mchenga wochepetseka, womwe unkafika kutalika kwake pamene ntchito yomanga idatha.

Ngati tikulingalira kuti mapuloteniwo amapangidwa kumbali imodzi yokha, ndiye kuti mchenga womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomangako uyenera kukhala wofanana ndi mamita 10 miliyoni. Msewu wa pamtunda unalimbikitsidwa ndi matabwa kuchokera pamapulangwe kotero kuti miyalayi sinagwe mu mchenga. Nthawi iliyonse, pamene kunali koyenera kutsanulira mchenga pamtunda watsopano, pansi pake anachotsedwa ndipo anasunthidwanso. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mutatha mvula yowamba mvula, mchenga wa mchenga unayenera kubwezeretsedwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwa nthaka.

Ntchito yomangayo inkafuna kuti anthu ayesetsedwe kwambiri, zomwe zinachititsa kuti magulu awo apite mofulumira. Choncho, anthu ogwira ntchito pa mapiramidi nthawi zonse amasintha.

Gulu lina la ochita kafukufuku limalingalira kuti lingaliro limeneli silolakwika. Malingaliro awo, yankho la funso la momwe mapiramidi a Aiguputo anamangidwira akadali osadziwika. Ofufuzirawa amakhulupirira kuti Aigupto akale, ndi chidziwitso chawo cha masamu, zakuthambo ndi sayansi yeniyeni, adadziwa njira yowonjezera yokweza miyeso kwa kutalika kwake.

Kutukula kwa zolembazo kungapangidwe chimodzimodzi kuchokera kumbali zonse. Pachifukwa ichi, mafelemu a matabwa omwe anaikidwa pambali zonse. Pakati pa matabwa a mafelemuwa anaika matabwa akuluakulu ndi ndodo zamkuwa zomwe zinamangidwa pamapeto, zomwe zinalowetsedwa m'mitsempha ya mafelemu. Pansi pa ndodoyi anaikidwa mkuwa wopangidwa ndi mbale. Miyala ya miyala inakokedwa kumsewu wamagalimoto ndi chithandizo cha levers. Kenako anaikidwa pamtengo wamatabwa wokhala ndi chingwe cholimba. Ogwira ntchito anakokera chowongolera kumapeto kwa piramidi.

Kupita pakati pa mphamvu yokoka kudzera m'mphepete mwa piramidi, chigawo, pamodzi ndi chimphepete, chinali pamalo osakanikirana. Chingwe chikhoza kutsekedwa kuchokera ku chimbudzi ndi kutsika kumbuyo kwa zitsulo zatsopano. Pofuna kukweza mtengo umodzi, anthu pafupifupi 60, omwe kamodzi pa tsiku ankakwera pamwamba pa piramidi. Ntchito yovuta kuti ikweze sitetezo ndi zolemba, motero, yosasunthika ndi ntchito yosavuta kuchepetsa chopanda kanthu, zomwe zinapangitsa anthu kukhalabe otumikira kwa nthawi yaitali. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapiramidi, mafelemu adakonzedwanso, osayang'anitsitsa ntchito yomanga. Njirayi ya momwe mapiramidi amamangidwira akuwoneka ngati omveka. Komabe, ichi ndi lingaliro chabe. Monga zinaliri zenizeni, okhawo omwe adagwira nawo ntchito yomanga kapena mboni ndi omwe adadziwa.