Ndani anati: "Kukongola kudzapulumutsa dziko"? Kodi mlembi wa mawuwa ndani?

Anthu akulu ndi abwino muzonse. Kawirikawiri mawu ochokera m'mabuku olembedwa omwe amalembedwa ndi akatswiri odziwika bwino a dziko lapansi, amakhala mapiko ndipo amachoka pakamwa ndi mibadwo yambiri.

Kotero izo zinachitika ndi mawu akuti "Kukongola kudzapulumutsa dziko". Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ambiri nthawi zonse phokoso latsopano, ndi tanthauzo latsopano. Ndani anati: "Kukongola kudzapulumutsa dziko"? Mawu awa ndi amodzi mwa anthu otchuka a ntchito ya a Russia wamkulu, woganiza, wanzeru, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky.

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky

Wolemba wotchuka wa ku Russia anabadwa mu 1821 pa 11/11. Iye anakulira m'banja lalikulu ndi losauka, lodziwika ndi kupembedza kwambiri, khalidwe labwino komanso khalidwe labwino. Bambo - wansembe wa paroise, amayi - mwana wamkazi wamalonda.

Banja lonse la wolemba mtsogolo m "banja nthawi zonse ankapita ku tchalitchi, ana pamodzi ndi akuluakulu amawerenga Chipangano Chakale, Chakale ndi Chatsopano. Uthenga Wabwino ndi wosaiŵalika kwambiri kwa Dostoevsky, satchula izi mu ntchito imodzi m'tsogolomu.

Wolembayo anaphunzira m'nyumba zogona, kutali ndi kwawo. Ndiye mu Sukulu Yomangamanga. Chotsatira ndi chofunika kwambiri pa moyo wake chinali njira yophunzitsira, yomwe idamugwira kwathunthu komanso mosalekeza.

Nthawi imodzi yovuta kwambiri inali katorga, yomwe inakhala zaka 4.

Ntchito zotchuka kwambiri ndi izi:

• "Anthu osauka."
• "Usiku woyera.
• "Pachiwiri."
• "Mawu ochokera ku nyumba yakufa."
• Abale Karamazov.
• "Uphuphu ndi Chilango."
• "Idiot" (ili kuchokera mu buku lino limene liwu lakuti "Kukongola kudzapulumutsa dziko").
• "Ziwanda".
• "Achinyamata".
• "Zolemba za wolemba."

Muzochita zonse wolemba anafunsa mafunso ovuta a makhalidwe abwino, ukoma, chikumbumtima ndi ulemu. Filosofi ya maziko a makhalidwe adamuvutitsa kwambiri, ndipo izi zinawonetsedwa m'malemba ake.

Mawu a mapiko ochokera m'mabuku a Dostoevsky

Pa funso la yemwe anati: "Kukongola kudzapulumutsa dziko," mukhoza kuyankha m'njira ziwiri. Kumbali imodzi, ndi msilikali wa "Idiot" yolembedwa "Idiot" Ippolit Terentyev, yemwe amatchula mawu a anthu ena (omwe amati ndi Prince Myshkin). Komabe, mawuwa akhoza kutchulidwa ndi kalonga mwiniyo.

Komanso, mawuwa ndi a wolemba buku, Dostoevsky. Choncho, kutanthauzira kwa chiyambi cha mawu ochepa.

Fyodor Mikhailovich nthawizonse anali ndi mbali yotere: mawu ambiri omwe iye analemba analemba mapiko. Ndipotu, ndithudi aliyense amadziwa mawu monga:

• "Ndalama ndi ufulu wothamangitsidwa."
• "Tiyenera kukonda moyo koposa cholinga cha moyo."
• "Anthu, anthu - ichi ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri: anthu ndi okwera mtengo kuposa ndalama."

Ndipo ichi, ndithudi, si mndandanda wonsewo. Koma palinso mau otchuka komanso okondedwa omwe mlembi anagwiritsa ntchito mu ntchito yake: "Kukongola kudzapulumutsa dziko." Zimayambitsa zifukwa zambiri zosiyana za tanthawuzolo.

Buku loti "Idiot"

Bukuli linalembedwa ndi wolemba mu 1868. Chokondweretsa kwambiri ndi zomvetsa chisoni mu zotsatira zake nkhani ya munthu wodala, wopanda chifundo, wokoma mtima ndi woonamtima - Prince Myshkin, wodwala m'maganizo, koma woyenera kudwala.

Mzere waukulu mu bukuli ndi chikondi. Chikondi ndi tsoka lauzimu la akatswiri: Aglaia Epanchina, Nastasya Filippovna, Prince Myshkin ndi ena.

Wachikhalidwe chachikulu, ambiri samaganizira mozama, poganizira mwana wowopsya. Komabe, chiwembucho chimapotozedwa motero kuti ndi kalonga yemwe amakhala pakati pa zochitika zonse zomwe zimachitika. Ndicholinga cha chikondi cha akazi awiri okongola ndi amphamvu.

Koma makhalidwe ake, umunthu, kuzindikira kwakukulu ndi kukhudzidwa, chikondi kwa anthu, chilakolako chothandizira okhumudwa ndi ochotsedwa chinamupangitsa iye kukhala nkhanza. Iye anapanga kusankha ndipo anali kulakwitsa. Ubongo wake, wozunzidwa ndi matenda, sukhazikika, ndipo kalonga amayamba kukhala munthu wokhotakhota, mwana yekha.

Ndani anati: "Kukongola kudzapulumutsa dziko"? Munthu wamkulu waumunthu, woona mtima, wotseguka komanso wopanda chifundo, yemwe amadziwa bwino makhalidwe amenewa pansi pa kukongola kwa anthu - Prince Myshkin.

Prince Myshkin: ukoma kapena kupusa?

Ichi ndi funso lovuta kwambiri monga tanthawuzo la mawu amphongo za kukongola. Ena amati - ukoma. Ena ndi opusa. Ichi ndi chomwe chimatsimikizira kukongola kwa munthu amene ali ndi udindo. Aliyense amalingalira ndikumvetsa tanthauzo la chiwonongeko cha msilikali, khalidwe lake, ganizo lake ndi maganizo ake mwa njira yake.

M'malo mu bukuli mulidi mzere wabwino kwambiri pakati pa kupusa ndi kukhudzidwa kwa msilikali. Pambuyo pake, mwachikulu, chinali ubwino wake, chikhumbo chake choteteza, kuthandiza onse ozungulira iye kukhala oopsa komanso oopsa.

Amafuna kukongola mwa anthu. Iye amamuwona iye mu zonse. Amawona nyanja yopanda malire ku Nastasya Filippovna, Aglaya ndikukhulupirira kuti kukongola kudzapulumutsa dziko lapansi. Mau okhudza mau awa mu bukuli amatsutsana naye, kalonga, kumvetsa kwake za dziko ndi anthu. Komabe, ambiri adamva kuti anali wabwino. Ndipo ankachitira nsanje chiyero chake, chikondi kwa anthu, kudzipereka. Kuchokera ku kaduka, mwinamwake, ndi kulankhula zabwino.

Kufunika kwa fano la Ippolit Terentyev

Ndipotu, fano lake ndilokhazikika. Iye ndi mmodzi yekha mwa anthu ambiri omwe amadana ndi kalonga, kukambirana, kutsutsa ndi kusamvetsa. Amaseka mawu akuti "Kukongola kudzapulumutsa dziko." Kulingalira kwake pa izi ndizoonadi: kalonga anati nzeru zopanda kulingalira ndipo palibe lingaliro m'mawu ake.

Komabe, ndithudi, ndizo, komanso zakuya. Kwa anthu ochepa monga Terentyev, chinthu chachikulu ndi ndalama, mawonekedwe olemekezeka, udindo. Zokhudzana ndi mkati, moyo wake suli wokondweretsa, kotero amanyodola mawu a kalonga.

Kodi tanthawuzo la wolembayo ndi lotani?

Dostoevsky nthawi zonse amayamikira moyo wonyenga wa gulu la anthu, kukhulupirika kwawo, kukongola kwa mkati ndi chidzalo cha dziko lapansi. Ndi makhalidwe awa omwe anapatsa msilikali wake wosauka. Choncho, kunena za ndani yemwe anati: "Kukongola kudzapulumutsa dziko," wina akhoza kunena molimba mtima kuti wolemba wa bukuli ndiye mwini, kupyolera mu chifaniziro cha msilikali wake.

Ndi mawu awa adayesera kufotokoza momveka bwino kuti chinthu chachikulu sichiri mawonekedwe, osati maonekedwe okongola ndi nkhope yake. Ndiyeno, anthu omwe amakonda - mtendere wamkati, makhalidwe auzimu. Ndizo kukoma mtima, kutengeka ndi umunthu, kukhudzidwa ndi chikondi cha zinthu zonse zamoyo zomwe zidzalola anthu kupulumutsa dziko lapansi. Uku ndiko kukongola kwenikweni, ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi makhalidwe amenewa ndi okongola kwambiri.