Wolemba Chingerezi Shelley Mary: biography, chilengedwe, moyo waumwini

Aliyense anamva za Frankenstein. Koma amene anayambitsa izo, sadziwika kwa ambiri. Tidzakambirana za wolemba mabuku wa ku Britain wa zaka za m'ma 1800 - Mary Shelley (mbiri ndi zochititsa chidwi kuchokera ku moyo wake zikuyembekezera pansipa). Zikuoneka kuti ndiye amene adalenga chithunzi chodabwitsa kwambiri, chomwe tsopano chikugwiritsidwa ntchito mopanda chifundo ndi opanga mafilimu owopsya.

Kodi mukudziwa chiyani za Mary Shelley?

Mkazi wokongola kwambiriyu adadziwika osati chifukwa cha ntchito yake komanso buku lodziŵika kwambiri padziko lonse, komanso chifukwa cha zovuta komanso zovuta.

Mnyamata Maria ali ndi zaka 18 ndi mkangano ndi George Byron ndi mwamuna wake adalenga buku loyamba la Gothic. Izi adakhala wotchuka, makamaka, mtsikanayo adayambitsa mtundu watsopano m'mabuku.

Tsopano dzina la Frankenstein limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mafilimu ochuluka kwambiri. Ndi anthu ochepa okha amene amadziwa kuti fano lopangidwa ndi wamasamba wamba wodabwitsa ndi lopangidwa ndi "oimba ojambula," koma mkazi wabwino kwambiri wauzimu - Mary Shelley. Zithunzi za zithunzi zake mumapezekamo zinthu zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi.

Koma osati kulenga kokha kumadziwika kwa Shelley. Kwa akatswiri olemba ndakatulo a Chiroma, dzina lake lidzakumbutsa wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka wa Britain, mnzake wa George Byron Percy Bysshe Shelley, yemwe, malinga ndi zida zonse za chikondi, kukongola kwachinyamata kunapulumuka ku nyumba ya atate.

Mary Shelley: biography, mwachidule. Ubwana

Wolembayo anabadwira pamalo abwino a Queen of the Gothic romantic - mumzinda wa Albion, London.

Dzina lake lonse ndi Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin. Chifukwa cha mwamuna wake komanso wokondedwa wokondedwa, wolemba ndakatulo Percy Shelley, anayamba kutchedwa Mary Shelley. Zaka za moyo wa wolembayo ndi 1797-1851.

Mtsikanayo anabadwira m'banja la odziwika bwino panthawiyo a Mary Wollstonecraft ndi William Godwin, wolemba nyuzipepala wotchuka chifukwa cha maganizo ake a anarchist ndi aumulungu. Mayi wa mlembi wam'tsogolo adafa pambuyo pa zovuta za matenda, kusiya mayi wamasiye Mary ndi mwana wake wamwamuna wazaka ziwiri Fanny (mwana wake wamkazi wa chikondi choyambirira) kwa bambo amasiye.

Bambo ake, ngakhale akudandaula chifukwa cha imfa ya mkazi wake wokondedwa, koma posakhalitsa anakwatiranso ndi mnzako - mkazi wamasiye wa a Mrs. Clermont, yemwe anali ndi ana ake awiri. Mwana wamkazi wamkulu, Claire Clermont, anakhala bwenzi la Mary ndipo adathawa naye ndi wokondedwa wake ku France, kenako ku Switzerland, kumene anayamba kukwiyitsa anthu awiriwo ndi kukweza kwake.

Ngakhale kuti maphunziro a atsikana panthawiyo ankaonedwa kuti ndi abwino kwambiri, abambo ake a Maria anam'patsa chidziwitso chabwino kunyumba ndipo anamuthandiza kuphunzira mwana wamkazi.

Shelley Mary. Chikondi ndi kuthawa

Msungwanayo ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, anakumana ndi ndakatulo kakang'ono ka Percy Shelley. Malingana ndi olemba mbiri, iye mwanjira ina, limodzi ndi mkazi wake Harriet anabwera ku sitolo ya banja Godwin. Kumeneko iye adawona Maria ndipo zikuoneka kuti anakondwera ndi mtsikanayo kuchokera kumsonkhano woyamba, chifukwa anayamba kuonekera nthawi zambiri kumeneko, koma popanda mkazi wake. Banja la Shelley linali litatha kale, ngakhale kuti zaka zitatu zapitazo adaponyera chirichonse ndi kuthawa ndi Harriet ku France. Kumeneko adatenganso Mary wake wa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, pokondana naye, kuchokera kunyumba kwake kupita kumisala. Patangopita masabata angapo, okondedwa, koma osauka kwambiri a romantics, adabwerera kwa abambo a mtsogolo yemwe adayambitsa buku la Gothic. Koma, kudabwitsidwa ndi chisangalalo cha onse awiri, adamva kupweteka kwambiri ndi zochita za mwana wake ndipo adati sakufuna kumuwona.

Tsopano banja lonse liyenera kuperekedwa ndi Shelley. Maria mwanseri ankakonda mwamuna wake wotchedwa mwamuna ndipo sanadandaule za moyo wa abambo. Ngakhale kuyesera kuti agwirizane ndi bambo ake kunapangidwa mtsogolomu.

Wolemba ndakatulo komanso wolemba mtsogolo adayamba kumvetsetsa ndi kuthandizana. Koma patapita nthawi, anayamba kusagwirizana. Percy, akulengeza chikondi choyera, choyera mu ndakatulo yake, analidi ndi maganizo okhudzana ndi chigololo, chomwe chinasokoneza ndi kukhumudwitsa Shelley Mary. Komabe, adasunga chikondi chake ndi kudzipereka kwa mwamuna wake pa moyo wake.

Kukhwima ndi banja

Kwa mnyamata wachikondi, nthawi yakukula mwakuya kwa wolemba yabwera. Mwamuna wake dzina lake sankakhoza kukhala mwamuna wake wamwamuna, popeza sanasudzule ndi Harriet. Wolemba ndakatuloyo anakakamizika kupereka ana ndi mkazi wake wakale, kuphatikizapo Maria Shelley. Ana mu ubale wawo anabadwira ndi kufa, omwe mwachipongwe anavulaza mtsikana. Mwana wachinayi yekha wa wolemba - Percy Florence - anapulumuka ndipo anapulumutsa amayi ake kukhumudwa.

Mu 1817, mkazi wa Shelly, dzina lake Harriet, anamira m'nyanja. Ana ake, Mary ndi Percy ankafuna kukhala pogona, koma anthu omwe anali otulidwa ndi ndakatulo onyenga sanalole izi.

Mlongo Mary, Fanny, anadzipha. Mayi ake 19 Shelley Mary adawona zokwanira kuti adziwe kukhumudwa, kupweteka, kusiya ndi kusungulumwa kwauzimu. Ndikumverera kwake iye adalowera mu hero yake-monster mu bukuli.

Chilengedwe

Mary Shelley, wobadwira m'banja la makolo omwe ali ndi luso komanso odziwa bwino, mwina sangasankhe njira yosiyana. Mu malemba ake, nthawi zambiri amavomereza kuti "adalemba pepala" ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana kuyambira ali mwana. Pambuyo pa buku "Frankenstein, kapena Modern Prometheus," iye analemba zambiri. Zina mwa ntchito zake zoyambirira ziyenera kupatsidwa buku lopanda kutchedwa "Wodana."

Mnyamata Mary Shelley (zojambula zake mwachidule zafotokozedwa pamwambapa) zinali zokondweretsa mwamuna wake ndi zolemba zake, koma ochita kafukufuku ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Percy sanali wachifundo pa zochitika zazikulu kwambiri za mkazi wake m'mabuku. Mwinanso ankaopa kuti Maria angamuthandize kwambiri.

Ubwenzi ndi Byron

Monga mukudziwa, Percy Shelley anali bwenzi lapamtima la George Byron.

Maria, Claire, Consolidated anali wokondana kwambiri ndi mbuye wawo, amene adayenera kukhala woyambitsa Romanticism, ndikumutsatira. Mosiyana ndi chiyero cha makhalidwe abwino, wolemba ndakatuloyo posachedwa adayankha kukhwima kwa msungwana wonyansa, ndipo anakhala okonda. Pasanapite nthawi, banjali anabadwa msungwana - Allegra, yemwe anali ndi moyo, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa makolo ndi mphepo yowopsya.

Ndi Byron, nkhani ya kulengedwa kwa Frankenstein ndi Mary Shelley ikugwirizananso, ndipo Percy anafa mofulumira komanso osadziwika (anamwalira pamene adathamanga njinga ya George Byron "Ariel") ali ndi zaka 29.

Mbiri yakale ya "Frankenstein, kapena Modern Prometheus"

Pofunafuna malo osungirako chikondi Maria ndi Percy adasamukira ku Switzerland, omwe anali oyandikana nawo ndizozochitika za Byron. Madzulo a mvula yamkuntho pafupi ndi malo amoto amacheza wina ndi mzake nkhani zoopsa. Atasankha kupikisana pa nkhani zosavuta. Chifukwa cha mkangano, Mary Shelley "Frankenstein" adawonekera. Tsiku la "kubadwa" kwa ntchitoyi ndi pafupifupi 1818.

"Frankenstein, kapena Modern Prometheus." Kodi bukuli ndi liti?

"Frankenstein" anakhala mbendera mu mtundu wa buku la gothic ndi losangalatsa. Mu 1818 ntchitoyi inalembedwa mosadziwika. Pokhapokha mu 1831 Mlengi anamupatsa dzina lake.

Ndiye ndani uyu Frankenstein, yemwe dzina lake anali kulakwitsa dzina lakutchulidwa la chilombo chowopsya, ndipo chithunzicho chinalimbikitsa anthu omwe ali ndi luso kupanga mafilimu ambiri osangalatsa?

Ndipotu, Frankenstein sali chilombo chokha, koma ndi mlengi wake.

Atafufuza katswiri wamasayansi, Victor, yemwe dzina lake anali atadziŵika kale, anachita zovuta kwambiri. Ankafuna kuphunzira zazing'ono kwambiri za sayansi. Atatha kupeza chinsinsi cha moyo ndi imfa. Chidziwitso chinamupatsa mpata woti atsitsimutse mtembo. Poyembekezera kuzindikiritsa kogwira mtima, iye anachita izi ndipo anapeza zotsatira zomwe zinamuwopsyeza iye. Cholengedwa cholengedwa ndi iye chinkawoneka chowopsya kwambiri kwa asayansi kuti iye anapulumuka ku laboratori yake ndi kunja kwa mzinda.

Cholinga cha ntchito yaikulu ya Mary Shelley

Nkhaniyo imayamba ndi nthawi yomwe wofufuza ndi wopanga golide Volton amapita ku North Pole. Ali panjira, amapeza munthu wotopa ndi wamisala. Pa sitimayo, akulankhula za kuyesa kwake koopsa.

Anatha kulenga ndi kubwezeretsa chimphona, koma anachita mantha kwambiri kuti adaiponyera mububu ndipo adathawa. Patapita kanthawi, Victor anamva za imfa ya mchimwene wake wamng'ono. William anaphedwa mwankhanza. Ndipo ngakhale kuti mtsikana wa Justine adauzidwa kuti ndi wakupha, Frankenstein adadziŵa kuti ndi ndani amene amamuimba mlandu. Zolingalira zinatsimikiziridwa pamene, atabwerera kwawo, anapeza chilombo chake kumeneko.

Ndiyeno msonkhano unachitika pakati pa Mlengi ndi phunziro la kuyesera kwake. Chilengedwechi chinanena kuti kwa nthawi yaitali mumakhala munthu wokhala ndi munthu mmodzi ndipo adaphunzira kulankhula kumeneko. Chirombochi chinali chopanda nzeru ndipo chinkafuna kupeza mabwenzi ndi munthu wachikulire wosaona. Koma ana aamuna achikulire adamukwapula kwambiri, kumunyoza ndi kuyang'ana koopsa. Kuthamanga kwambiri, chirombochi chinapeza zolemba za Victor, komwe adaphunzira za mbiri ya chilengedwe chake.

Atatha kukambirana kwa nthawi yayitali, chilombochi chinapempha kuti amupange bwenzi lake. Anachoka ku chilumba chakutali, kumene Victor anapita kuntchito. Pamene chilengedwe chatsopano chinangokhalapo, mwadzidzidzi anazindikira kuopsa kwa mgwirizano uwu wa anthu awiri ndikuwononga "mkwatibwi". Chirombo chokwiya chinathawa ndipo chinapha mnzanga wapamtima wa Frankenstein - Henri.

Victor anabwerera kunyumba ndipo anakwatira chikondi chake choyamba - Elizabeth. Pa usiku waukwati, chilombo chinalowa m'chipinda chogona ndipo chinamupha. Bambo a Victor anamwalira. Mwadzidzidzi banja lonse la sayansi linatayika. Frankenstein analumbira kuti adzapha chilombocho ndipo adamhamangira pambuyo poyang'ana kumpoto. Chilombochi chinatheratu, ndipo Victor anapeza Volton. Wolemba mbiri, atadodometsedwa ndi mbiriyakale, adatembenuza chombo chake. Ali panjira Victor anamwalira, ndipo m'chombo chake wofufuza anapeza chilombocho. Chirombochi chivomereza kuti walapa ndipo akufuna kudzipha. Ndi lumbiro ili pamilomo yake, iye adathawa m'chombo.

Malo amtundu wakuti "Frankenstein, kapena Prometheus Wamakono" mu Mabuku a Padziko Lonse

Monga tanena kale, ntchitoyo inali yoyamba mu mtundu wake. Momwe Edgar Poe analengera mtundu wa woyang'anira, kotero Mary Shelley analemba buku loyamba la Gothi padziko lonse lapansi. Ntchito yake inachititsa chidwi kwambiri kampani ina yolemba ndakatulo ya Byron ndi Shelley. Aroma, kuphatikizapo, adali ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri atangomaliza kufalitsa. Ndipo mpaka lero iye sadataya mwayi wake wolemba komanso wolemba mbiri.

Polemba mwanjira yatsopano, Mary Shelley, yemwe mwamuna wake ndi ana ake anali kudzoza kwake, adalenga buku lake la kutsutsana. Chotsatira chake, anachiyika pambali ndi akatswiri olemba mabuku a padziko lonse.

Kupambana kwa "Frankenstein" ndi chifukwa cha zithunzi zolembedwa bwino za sayansi waluso yemwe adatha kulenga chinachake chachikulu, koma sanapeze mphamvu yakuyankha chifukwa cha chilengedwe chake, ndi nyamakazi, yemwe, ngakhale kuti akuwoneka kuti akuwoneka ndi mantha, akufuna anthu, amafuna Mnzanga ndi wokonda. Chirombochi chimamvetsa kuti umunthu sungachivomereze, chifukwa ndi chosiyana kwambiri. Zochita zake zoipa ndikutuluka kwa ululu ndi kuzunzika, kunyozetsa wosalankhula kwa Mlengi amene amamuchitira nkhanza.

Wolembayo amatha kumapeto kwa ntchitoyi, amapereka mwayi kwa owerenga kuti adzifunse okha zomwe zidzachitike ku cholengedwa chosafunikira. Mlengi anafa, koma ntchito zake zidzakhala mu chilombo, yemwe amadziwa kuvutika ndi kumva chisoni ndi kufunafuna malo m'dziko la anthu.

Pomaliza

Wolemba Chingelezi Mary Shelley anakhala moyo wachisoni ndi mavuto. Koma adatha kusunga moyo wowala, woyera ndi chikhulupiriro mu chikondi. Chikondi chinali cholinga cha moyo wake. M'dzina la chikondi cha luso, Maria adalenga ndi buku lake lodabwitsa la Frankenstein ndi chilombo chake, chomwe chiwerengedwa ndikuphunzira ndi zosangalatsa.

Maria anali mkazi woyenera wolemba wamkulu ndi wolemba luso.