Aristotle maphunziro azachilengedwe: malongosoledwe, chofunikira ndi tanthauzo. Maphunziro azachilengedwe ndi Aristotelian mfundo

Nzeru chifukwa cha nzeru wazotsatira ndi kugwirizana kuti kupitirira iwo, mwachitsanzo. E. Episteme. Choncho Aristotle kukangana. Maphunziro azachilengedwe, amene analolera kuti zokambirana pagulu, ali anatchuka padziko lonse ndipo anatha kulemekeza dzina lake kupyola mu mibadwo. Iye - kholo maganizo, woyambitsa wa dualism, wophunzira bwino ndi mdani woopsa wa Plato.

maphunziro azachilengedwe

Maphunziro azachilengedwe - nthambi ya nzeru sayansi, limene limafotokoza mfundo za nucleation kukhala matabwa ake, dongosolo chitukuko ndi Kusiyana kwa boma komaliza. Izo zikhoza kusinthidwa malingana ndi zofunikira za zaka ndi mlingo wa nzeru za anthu, komanso mchikakamizo cha masukulu osiyanasiyana a maganizo. Ichi n'chifukwa lililonse dongosolo la nzeru ali maphunziro azachilengedwe chake chosiyana ndi zina, ndipo kusintha ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo lino.

Payokha, panali maphunziro azachilengedwe a Aristotle. Kwenikweni ake, phindu mu chidziwitso cha dongosolo ndi wolemba anayambitsa ochepa a lotseguka kwa kukambirana nkhani monga:

1. Kodi kukhala kumeneko?

2. Kodi malingaliro Mulungu, ndipo ngati alipo?

3. Kodi kutembenuka kwa nkhani mu mawonekedwe a mzere?

Kuti Aristotle anapambulwa sayansi basi ku zikhulupiriro, ndipo izo anagawa yokha pawiri. Choyamba, otchedwa metaphysics, kuwamvetsa mafunso losafuna umboni, omwe cholinga chawo chinali kudziwa tanthauzo la moyo wa munthu. The chachiwiri munali malingaliro chindunji za munthu wa dziko ndi chikhalidwe cha chipangizo, malamulo a anthu ndiponso kukhala chida china cha cognition.

Fomu ndi Kupemphera

Popeza cholinga dziko angalimvetse ndi kusanthula mwa mphamvu - chiphunzitso atapereka ndi Aristotle. Maphunziro azachilengedwe nzeru ake adakangana kuti kuli umodzi wa thupi ndi kanthu, ndi "nkhani" - izi ndi mwayi mu mawonekedwe a chimake, ndi "mtundu" - chinthu ichi, zoona zenizeni za nkhaniyi. Chinthu ndiye chimake cha maonekedwe ndi ofunika Komabe, ndipo angasinthe, amapita mwayi wina ndi mzake. Koma posapita nthawi mukubwera chomaliza kusintha. Ndipo mwinamwake kuti ndi nkhaniyo, ndi actualized mu mawonekedwe kwathunthu.

Zifukwa kusintha

Maphunziro azachilengedwe ndi epistemology a Aristotle amati zifukwa zinayi kwa masiyanidwe a dziko:

1. chifukwa ofunda zofunika kukwaniritsa ndondomeko kutembenuka ndi.
2. Chuma, mwachitsanzo ntchito ya gawo lapansi ndi.
3. Action - asilikali otembenuka ndi gawo lapansi.
4. Final chifukwa - zotsatira za kusintha anafuna ndi chinthu.

Ngati izo zibwera osati pankhani nkhani kapena chinthu, koma za dziko lonse, Aristotle, amene maphunziro azachilengedwe samakana pamaso pa nkhaniyi kokha, komanso mitundu ina ya dziko, osati Kufikika kuti tiwazindikre, akunena kuti dziko likuyenda nthawi zonse. Kuganiza kuti m'kupita kwanthawi adzaleka, sungakhoze, chifukwa muyenera kuchita kutsutsana. Ndipo kodi pali kanthu kuchokera kunja, ngati kayendedwe mu dziko anaima? Pali wotsogolera yaikulu, chosaoneka ndi maso galimoto mphamvu zipangitsa dziko lathu kuyenda zonse. Aristotle ankanena. Philosophy, womwenso ndi maphunziro azachilengedwe maganizo oti pali munthu lopitirira zoyenda makina, motsindika kuti ndi wauzimu, choncho - ndi incorporeal. Mawonekedwe choyeretsetsa cha mphamvu lopanda - ndi malingaliro (kapena chifukwa wangwiro). Choncho, chifukwa ndi alikodi kwambiri mfundo imeneyi.

epistemology

Mbali imeneyi ya nzeru kuti amachita ndi torii chidziwitso, podzudzula, chitukuko ndi umboni. Ndi chilango chimenechi kumvetsa, kuti akalowe kudziwa nzeru zaumunthu mu dziko lenileni, kapena kukhala mfundo zokha. Gwero la chidziwitso, monga mukudziwa - ndi chokuchitikirani. Wofunika kwambiri ndicho kudziŵa kuti ndi maganizo katswiriyu ndekha. cognition vuto linali pafupi ndi nzeru za nthawi ndi sanasiyidwa pambali, Aristotle, zimene zinaphatikizapo maphunziro azachilengedwe ndi kuzindikira ndondomeko kupeza nzeru, anayamba chiphunzitso chake.

chiphunzitso cha chidziwitso

Mfundo kuyambira anaganiza kutenga chakuti, kuwonjezera pa nkhani ya wofufuza, pali palibe mukudalira pa zotuluka pa chifuniro chake. Iye ananena kuti kudziŵa kuti kupereka mphamvu, ndi ofanana ndi amene ife kumapitirira kumasulira. Ndipo kuti, pamodzi ndi kuphunzira kwa zigawo mwamwambo chabe kanthu ife imodzi kuzindikira ndi khalidwe lake. Ndi izi osakaniza a umboni wazotsatira ndi zomveka kuganiza limatithandiza kumvetsa chidzalo cha choonadi.

Ndipotu

Khama la akamanena loyamba ndi lachiwiri la nkhaniyi lilinso ndi maphunziro azachilengedwe a Aristotle. Kwenikweni ake ndi: mtengo wa zinthu payekha ali m'kati cognition. Chikhaliro choyamba - kuti ndi chomwe phunzirolo amaphunzira nkhani m'kati kuzindikira kwenikweni, ndipo chachiwiri - ndilochokera pa izo. Chikhaliro chachiwiri susonyeza mokoma onse alipo aliyense, ndipo zambiri nyama kapena makhalidwe genera.

mphunzitsi

Anthology cha Plato ndi Aristotle kwambiri ikufotokoza mfundo munthu ndi boma. Ndipo ngakhale m'madera ena iwo converge, makamaka ziphunzitso zawo zimatsutsana. Malingana ndi chiphunzitso cha Plato, munthu uli pa kamodzi ku malo aliko auzimu. Ndipo ngati thupi mbali zonse, zikuonekeratu kuti mzimu zingatenge zosiyanasiyana masanjidwe. Pa mfundo imeneyi, kuonetsetsa mitundu ya anthu amene sachedwa khama, luso, bata, kulamulira anthu ena ndi zina zotero. D. Mu abwino boma aliyense ali mu malo, ndipo akulamulira idyll.

Aristotle ali ndi maganizo osiyana, ngakhale chiphunzitso chake zosatheka. Malinga ndi iye, boma abwino - ina imene chuma onse lagawidwa mofanana pakati pa anthu, ndipo iwo ntchito mosabvuta, ndiye palibe nkhondo, zonse mogwirizana ndi mzake.

Ngakhale kusiyana maganizo, mafunso zokhudza ukapolo, zikamera wa boma ndi mfundo zake kasamalidwe, amaonedwa ndi pundits onse pafupifupi mofanana.