The nzeru za Feuerbach

The nzeru za Feuerbach ndi chomaliza nzeru za Agiriki German, umaimiridwa ndi Kant, Hegel, Schelling, Fichte, ndi chiyambi cha m'badwo wa chuma mu German komanso mu dziko la nzeru. The zopindulitsa ndi chinyezimiro cha nzeru zake zodabwitsa kuphatikiza kusakhazikika maganizo ake. Wa mumtima, adati kuti mnyamatayo Mulungu, ndipo chachiwiri - malingaliro, ndi wachitatu ndi wotsiriza - mwamuna. Iye anapulumuka atatu Phasis nzeru amaona kuti mu mbiri ya anthu, ndipo anaima pa lomaliza.

Lyudvig Feyerbah (1804 - 1872) anabadwa mu banja la milandu, mu unyamata wake anaphunzira zamulungu, kumvetsera Hegel mu Berlin.

Iye ankakhulupirira nzeru za chipembedzo chomwe kulivomereza, kutsutsa nzeru ndi chipembedzo alili awo kwambiri. Pa mtima wa chipembedzo, adawona chikhulupiriro mu chiphunzitso ndi nzeru - chidziwitso ndi kufuna kupeza chikhalidwe cha zinthu. Choncho, nzeru zotsutsa Feuerbach a umalimbana ndiyotani pakuchotsa chipembedzo ndi chikumbu achipembedzo ku chabe. Iye acemera mamuna gawo (zotsogola) chikhalidwe, osati chilengedwe cha Mulungu.

Cholinga cha Feuerbach ndi munthu, moyo , ndi zomwe ziri thupi limodzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo kwambiri linaperekedwa kwa nzeru zapamwamba, thupilo, lomwe, mu maganizo ake, tingati akamanena za "Ine". Kumatsutsa idealists ndi, kutanthauzira kwawo kuphunzira ndi maganizo umboni, Feuerbach akuchonderera amalingalira sensuous. Iye amakhulupirira kuti okha adziwe - akuona oschuscheniya-, kukhudza, kumva, kununkhiza, zimene nacho chowonadi chenicheni. Ndi thandizo lawo ndi kudziwa limati maganizo.

Iye anakana zenizeni supersensible ndi chidziwitso umboni kudzera chifukwa, zomwe amati ndi nkhambakamwa idealist. maganizo amenewa anthropological wa Feuerbach zikusonyeza kumasulira watsopano ndi maganizo "chinthu". Malinga Feuerbach, izo aumbike pamene anthu kulankhula, kotero chinthu ndi munthu - ndi munthu wosiyana. The intakomu, anthu ndi olimbikitsa, athandize nzika zawo makhalidwe abwino amene anthu m'malo chikondi zachiphamaso za Mulungu. Yotsirizira anaitana otalikirana ndi wabodza Chikondi.

Pamodzi ndi Hegel iye amakhulupirira mu mphamvu ya kulingalira ndi kuti kudziwa. Mmodzi chidwi mbali imene ndi nzeru za Feuerbach, ndi chiphunzitso cha tuizme. Iye akukhulupirira kuti yonena za likupezeka pa moyo wawo mmene anthu. Iye sasiya chidwi ndi nkhani za chipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe, kotero mbali imeneyi ya nzeru wake anayamba mwakuya kwambiri ndi mokulira kuposa mafunso chidziwitso.

Chidwi mbali yomwe ndi nzeru za Feuerbach e ndi tanthauzo lake la chipembedzo. Ndi chiphunzitso chake cha psychogenesis achipembedzo view dziko. Iye amafuna kuonetsa mmene anthu kusanduka pa zaka worldview achipembedzo. Extrasensory kumakana zonse tsidya chikumbumtima ndipo umunthu, amamuchititsa naturalism ndipo kulibe Mulungu.

Feuerbach ndi kulongosola za zikhulupiriro psychogenesis wauzimu achipembedzo ndi maganizo. Ana, mbuli ndi anthu kutukuka Amachitanso amafunitsitsa kupanga zizindikiro zawo kunja (anthropomorphism). Ndipo chipembedzo ndi kofunika kwambiri kuposa amaganizira zolinga amenewa - kupanga zinthu zabwino ake "Ine", maganizo anu, zofuna ndi maganizo m'chifanizo cha Mulungu. Chotero zilandiridwenso achipembedzo amathandiza munthu kuthetsa kusatsatira kuti zivute zitani angakhalepo pakati pa zilakolako zake ndi zina zomwe ndi amene akudziwa kotero momvetsa. Osati Mulungu analenga munthu m'chifaniziro chake, koma m'malo mwake, munthuyo nthawizonse milungu yawo. Ndipo izi milungu - ana a zilakolako anthu.

Amenewa ndi nzeru za Feuerbach. Mwachidule imasonyezedwa mu zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri. N'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri maganizo, osati mbali akamabadwa. pofuna kuti afotokoze ndondomeko ya chiyambi cha worldview achipembedzo atsopano ndi choyambirira. malingaliro lalikulu la Feuerbach anakhala kutsogolera kufufuza mu mbiri ya chipembedzo Renan, Gávea, Strauss, Vol. SN Trubetskoy ndi ena. Pambuyo pawo panali mndandanda wa maphunziro ethnographic a chipembedzo wosazindikira (Lubbock, Tylor, Spencer, Group, ndi ena.). malingaliro ake anali ndi mphamvu pa atsogoleri a German Democracy Social: Marx, Chichewa, ndi ena.