General maonekedwe a nzeru chakale German. Mfundo zikuluzikulu ndi mayendedwe

General maonekedwe a nzeru chakale German m'masiku athu akuyendayenda mwatsatanetsatane, chifukwa - chodabwitsa wapadera mu chikhalidwe dziko. Ndi chakale German nzeru ndi maziko a nzeru ano. A m'ma linakhalapo, izo zikanakhala zotheka osati kufufuza mavuto mwatsatanetsatane, amene akukumana kwa zaka zambiri, komanso kuphatikiza pafupifupi onse alipo pa nthawi ya otaya, kuyambira ndi chomwe zotengera malingaliridwe ndi irrationalism liza ndi zolaula chuma. makhalidwe General nzeru za Agiriki German zachokera mayina dziko otchuka monga Kant, Marx, Hegel, Fichte, Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, Chichewa ndi ena.

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) - woyambitsa wa nzeru German zachikhalidwe. Iye anaganiza chosintha kufotokoza za chiyambi cha dongosolo dzuwa, ozikidwa pa malamulo Newton (a wachotsedwa nkhani particulate mu mawonekedwe a onsewo Nebula). Komanso, adzaupereka kwa chiphunzitso cha kukhalapo kwa malire a cognition, komanso unavailability wa munthu kumvetsa tanthauzo lalikulu lamkati la zochitika ndi zinthu. Kant aziika patsogolo chiphunzitso siyana ndi kukonza malamulo. Mwa zina, iye ndiye woyamba ankatanthauza kuti "mtendere lopitirira" m'tsogolo, zomwe zachokera nkhondo uneconomical ndipo malamulo oletsa malamulo. Immanuel Kant - dzina, popanda zomwe makhalidwe onse a German nzeru chakale sizingatheke.

wafilosofi wina - Georg Hegel - wathandiza kulungamitsa mfundo cholinga chabe, amene ankakonda kwambiri m'mayiko ena Western. Iye ankachita izo chifukwa cha chiphunzitso cha lingaliro mtheradi (chifukwa woyamba wa zonse, dziko zathu zakuthupi, yomwe ili, kaya chikumbumtima). Hegel anali amene anali woyamba otozhestvil kuganiza ndi kukhala.

Koma korona chenicheni cha ntchito yake anali chitukuko cha dialectics - chiphunzitso cha mfundo ndi malamulo a chitukuko konsekonse.

Awonjezedwa maganizo a Hegel Johann Fichte (1762-1814). Malinga ndi iye yekha ndi zapulaimale chenicheni cha munthu mwini yekha maganizo ake.

Malingaliro ndi ziphunzitso akatswiri awa atatu kenako mobwerezabwereza wodzilemekeza ndi bwino ndi ena, inemwini, ndi makhalidwe ambiri a nzeru chakale German.

Mwachitsanzo, Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872), amene zochita a nthawi kenako, ndipo anadzudzula chomwe anafuna kuti anene mogwirizana ndi coherent zakuthupi view a dziko. Feuerbach anali olimbikira kuli Mulungu, choncho ankayesa kutsimikiza artificiality wa Mulungu ndi kulanda chifaniziro chake cha zolinga zosachitika anthu.

Zochita za nzeru German chakale - kwenikweni ndi ulamuliro wa malo idealist. N'chifukwa chake nzeru ano chifukwa ambiri a cholinga pa phunziro, osati chinthu. Mbali ina yofunika ya ziphunzitso nthanthi anali pantheism - kukana chifanizo cha Mulungu ndi munthu, munthu wotereyo ndi anasonyeza Mulungu ndi chilengedwe chonse, kukhulupirira umodzi wa moyo onse ndi kupatulika kwa chilengedwe.

German nzeru chakale, khalidwe ambiri amene wakhala tsopano phunziro la nkhani yathu ndi amphamvu maziko omwe nzeru zamakono zonse.