Mfundo zosangalatsa za nyama ya mbiri isanayambe. Zinyamazi ndi nyama zina mbiri isanayambe

Mamilioni a zaka zapitazo, dziko zinali zosiyana. Iwo anali anthu nyama ya mbiri isanayambe, okongola ndi mantha nthawi yomweyo. Zinyamazi, m'madzi ogwirira lamkunkhuniza, mbalame chimphona, mammoths ndi saber-imodzi akambuku - iwo akhala kuyambira osaonekanso, koma chidwi iwo suzimitsidwa.

Anthu woyamba wa dziko

Pamene zinthu zamoyo koyamba Padziko Lapansi? Zoposa zitatu ndi theka biliyoni zapitazo kunali zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi.

Iwo anatenga ochuluka monga biliyoni zaka ziwiri panali zamoyo multicellular. Pafupifupi miliyoni 635 zaka zapitazo Lapansi anali anthu invertebrates, ndi pa chiyambi cha nyengo Mathanthwe - inakhala.

Zotsalira wamkulu wa zamoyo zimene zapezeka mpaka a malemu Neoproterozoic.

The Mathanthwe moyo analipo yekha m'nyanja. oimira chabwino cha nyama ya mbiri isanayambe wa nthawi imeneyo anali trilobites.

Chifukwa nthawi zambiri zikuchitika m'madzi kugumuka unyinji wa zamoyo anakwiriridwa m'matope ndipo anapulumuka ndi nthawi yathu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, asayansi ndi chithunzi mwachilungamo wathunthu wa kapangidwe ndi moyo trilobites ndi zolengedwa zina wakale nyanja.

Mu nthawi Devonian nyama ya mbiri isanayambe zikukangalika akutukuka pa mtunda ndi pa nyanja. Anthu oyamba a malo wettest dziko lapansili - mesothelae ndi centipedes. Cha m'ma Devonian anagwirizana achule.

tizilombo wakale

Kuwonekera kumayambiriro Devonian nthawi, tizilombo apanga bwinobwino. mitundu zinafa pa nthawi. Ena mwa iwo anali kufanana chachikulu.

Meganeura - a mtundu strekozopodobnyh tizilombo. Kuchuluka kwa mapiko ake 75 masentimita. Iye anali mdani.

tizilombo yakale amamudziwa anamvetsa. Ndipo izi zathandiza asayansi wamba nkhuni phula. Anthu mamiliyoni zaka zapitazo, anathamanga pansi pa mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo nakhala imfa msampha tizilombo osazindikira.

Iwo mwangwiro anasunga mu sarcophagi wapachiyambi mandala masiku ano. Chifukwa Amber, amene wakhala unayambira utomoni, lero aliyense akhoza amasirira okhala wakale wa dziko lathuli.

Mbiri isanayambe m'madzi nyama - zimphona oopsa

The Triassic anali woyamba zokwawa m'madzi. Iwo sakanakhoza, monga nsomba, moyo kwathunthu pansi madzi. Iwo anafunika anali mpweya, ndipo nthawi adzauka pamwamba. Kunja, iwo amafanana ndi dziko la zinyamazi, koma osiyana nthambi - pa anthu mbira anali zipsepse ndi Mapazi Ngati a Bakha.

Choyamba anaonekera nothosaurus, amene anafika ndi mlingo wa mamita 3 mpaka 6, ndi plakodusy, anali mitundu itatu mano. Plakodusy ang'onoang'ono (2 mamita) ndipo anakhala pafupi ndi gombe. chakudya chawo chachikulu chinali nkhono. Nothosaurus ankadya nsomba.

Jurassic nyengo - nyengo zimphona. Panthawi imeneyi, plesiosaurs moyo. Yaikulu ya mtundu wawo kufika kutalika mamita 15. Zikuphatikizapo elasmosaurine, ali ndi khosi n'zosadabwitsa yaitali (8 mamita). Mutu, poyerekeza ndi thupi yaitali, ndinali wamng'ono. Mu elasmosaurine anali kukamwa, okhala ndi mano lakuthwa.

Ichthyosaurs - zokwawa lalikulu, kufika avareji mamita 2-4 m'litali - anali ofanana ndi anamgumiwa ano. Mbali awo - maso zikuluzikulu zimene zikusonyeza usiku. Iwo, mosiyana zinyamazi anali khungu zopanda mamba. Amaganiza kuti ichthyosaurs anali anathetsa osiyanasiyana pa nyanja.

zaka zoposa miliyoni makumi anayi zapitazo ndinkakhala basilosaurus - wakale chinsomba kukula kwambiri. Kutalika kwa mwamuna aliyense akafuna mamita 21. Icho chinali chilombo waukulu wa nthawi yake ndipo anali wokhoza kuukira zinsomba ena. Basilosaurus anali mafupa yaitali kwambiri ndipo anasamukira mwa kupinda msana, monga njoka. Iye anali achikalekale kunsana miyendo 60 masentimita yaitali.

nyama zam'madzi mbiri isanayambe anali yosiyanasiyana. Mwa iwo amaoneka makolo kwa nsombazo ano ndi ng'ona. The odziwika bwino kwambiri ogwirira m'madzi a dziko wakale ndi chimphona nsombazi Megalodon, amene anafika mamita 16-20 kutalika kwake. chimphona matani pafupifupi 50. Monga mafupa a nsombazi imakhala chichereŵechereŵe, sanapulumuke chilichonse koma mano nyama enamel. Amaganiza kuti mtunda pakati pa nsagwada lotseguka Megalodon anafika mamita awiri. Izo zikanati mosavuta woyenera anthu awiri.

No ogwirira zochepa oopsa anali mbiri isanayambe ng'ona.

Purussaurus - ndi zinatha wachibale wa ng'ona amakono okhala pafupifupi mamiliyoni eyiti zapitazo. Utali - mpaka mamita 15.

Deinosuchus - ng'ona mtundu wa alligator, ankakhala mochedwa nthawi Cretaceous. Kunja osati mosiyana oimira yamakono ya mtundu. Kutalika thupi mamita 15.

Choopsa: ndi zokwawa wakale

Zinyamazi ndi nyama zina mbiri isanayambe za tinthu chachikulu kupitiriza Timasangalalanso munthu ano. N'zovuta kulingalira kuti zimphona ngati olamulira dziko.

The Mesozoic nyengo - nthawi ya zinyamazi lapansi. Kuwonekera pa mapeto a Triassic, akhala mawonekedwe waukulu wa moyo mu nthawi Jurassic, ndipo mwadzidzidzi mu Cretaceous mochedwa.

Zingamvekere mitundu yosiyanasiyana zapoizoni yakale. Ena mwa iwo anali malo ndi madzi kutsogolera moyo anthu zouluka mitundu, herbivores ndi adani. Iwo amasiyana kukula. zinyamazi kwambiri zinali zazikulu kwambiri, koma panali abuluzi yaing'ono. Pakati pa anthu ogwirira kukula awo likusonyeza Spinosaurus. thupi lake m'litali ndi 14 mpaka 18 meters, kutalika - mamita atatu. nsagwada elongated zinali ngati ng'ona ano. Choncho amaganiza kuti iye anali moyo amphibious. Spinosaurus inali mbali ya kukhalapo kwa msana, chokhala ndi kupalasa. Uyamiko kwa Iye, ankaoneka thupi. Zokwiriridwa ndikukhulupirira kuti kupalasa ntchito nyama thermoregulation.

mbalame wakale

Nyama ya mbiri isanayambe (zithunzi Tingaone m'nkhani) lapelekedwa zouluka zokwawa komanso mbalame.

Mu Mesozoic anali pterosaurs. Mwina, waukulu wa iwo anali ornithocheirus, amene anali ndi mapiko, amene kutambalala mpaka mamita 15. Iye anakhala mu nthawi Cretaceous, anali mdani ndi wakonda kusaka kwa chinsomba. Pteranodon - ina yaikulu zouluka zolusa buluzi wa nthawi Cretaceous.

Pakati pa mbalame mbiri isanayambe kukula kwake kugunda gastornis. Munthu mamita awiri wamtali anali mulomo, amene mosavuta wosweka mafupa. Kodi sanalemberetu bwino ngati ichi zinatha mbalame chilombo kapena kudyedwa chomera chakudya.

Phorusrhacos - mbalame yolusa, amene ankakhala Miocene lapansi. Msinkhu anafika 2.5 m. Yokhota kumapeto lakuthwa mulomo ndi amphamvu chiombankhanga anamuika oopsa.

nyama zinatha wa Cenozoic nyengo

Iwo anayamba zaka miliyoni 66 zapitazo. Panthawi imeneyi, Dziko Lapansi anaonekera na ciyezezo mitundu yambirimbiri ya zamoyo. Kodi zinatha nyama ya mbiri isanayambe wa nthawi imeneyo anali chidwi kwambiri?

Megatherium - ndi nyama yaikulu ya chi, chimphona Kanyamaka. Amaganiza kuti iye anali herbivore, koma n'zotheka kuti Megatherium aphe ndi kudya nyama zina kapena zovunda.

rhinoceros wamaonekedwe a nkhope yaubweya - chidafundidwa ndi wandiweyani tsitsi pabuka-bulauni.

Mammoth - wotchuka zinatha mtundu wa njovu. Nyama ndi moyo zaka miliyoni zapitazo ndipo anali kawiri lalikulu monga nthumwi yamakono ya mtundu wawo. Tidapeza kwambiri mtembo wa mammoths, ndi bwino anasunga kuyamika Madzi oundana a. Ndi mfundo za mbiri yakale, zimphona izi otchuka kufa ndithu posachedwapa - 10 zikwi zapitazo.

Ku nyama zolusa mbiri isanayambe chidwi kwambiri ndi Smilodon, kapena saber-imodzi kambuku. Zinalibe musalumphe kukula kwa akambuku Siberia, koma anali ndi tusks amazipanga yaitali, amene anafika 28 masentimita. Mbali ina ya Smilodon anali aafupi mchira.

Titanoboa - zinatha chimphona njoka. A wachibale wa boa ano. M'litali nyama angafikire mamita 13.

Mabuku za nyama ya mbiri isanayambe

Pakati pawo ife anganene monga "Nyanja Rex: Ulendo wa mbiri isanayambe World", "Dziko la mammoths," "Masiku Otsiriza wa zinyamazi ndi", "mbiri isanayambe Mbiri," "Kuyenda ndi zinyamazi". Good zopelekedwa mafilimu analenga za moyo wa nyama wakale, kwambiri.

"The Ballad wa Great ale" - nkhani zodabwitsa Allosaurus

filimu ndi mbali ya angapo otchuka "Kuyenda ndi zinyamazi". Akukamba za pa United States anapezeka bwino anasunga mafupa a Allosaurus, amene analandira asayansi dzina Big Al. Mafupa ankatha kuona ngati fractures ndi kuvulala zowawa dinosaur, ndipo n'zotheka angakwanitse mbiri ya moyo wake.

Pomaliza

nyama ya mbiri isanayambe (zinyamazi, mammoths, mphanga zimbalangondo, nyanja zimphona), amene ankakhala kutali kale, ndipo lero bwanji m'maganizo anthu. Iwo - omveka umboni wa kudabwitsa zinali kale Earth.