Daniil Kharms: yonena, ntchito

1928. Leningrad Nyumba ya Sindikizani mwakwiya maganizo mawu olemba wamng'ono nkumadzitcha okha OBERIU. Iwo ikamawerengedwa ndakatulo zamkhutu olembedwa, kuika absurdist "Elizabeth Bam", ndipo pamwamba izo padziko lonse anasonyeza kuti filimu ogwiritsa ndi adzapeza mutu "Nyama chopukusira". Chief pakati oberiutov anali Daniil Kharms, amene yonena unali mutu wa nkhani ino.

zaka zoyambirira

Wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo anabadwa December 30, 1905. Propensity ntchito zolembalemba anapatsidwa chibadwa Danieli, bambo ake, anali mu makalata ndi Chekhov ndi Tolstoy, ankadziwika osati ntchito chosintha, komanso zitsanzo za cholembera, ndipo mayi ake anali munthu wolemekezeka ndi kubadwa, ndipo anali kuyang'anira pogona ndi. Mwachidule yonena Daniila Harmsa zikuphatikizapo kutchula maphunziro ake yapamwamba sukulu German wa mwayi. Pambuyo utasintha anali kutchulidwa Leningrad elektrotehnikum, kumene anachotsedwa ndi mawu oti "kupezeka osauka" wongokhala ntchito pagulu. "

Chiyambi cha ntchito zolembalemba

Pamene Harms Daniil Ivanovich, amene yonena unali mutu wa maphunziro ambiri, n'kumusintha dzina Yuvachev potsiriza anakhulupirira talente yake ngati wolemba? Ntchito yoyamba ya alias kumachitika pa chiyambi cha 1920s lapansi. Yankho maina "Harms" (ndi mitundu zambiri, pakati pawo - Hharms, Haarms kwina kulikonse ndikamezetsanidwemo Karl Ivanovich) anayesa kupeza m'zilembo ambiri. The ndithu ambiri kuzindikira kufanizira ndi English ndi French. Ngati mavuto choyamba - ndi "zoipa" ndi mawu wachiwiri zikutanthauza ngati chithumwa, chikoka.

Pa za Harms analemba ndakatulo yake yoyamba. Monga Chinthu, iwo amasankha Hlebnikova, kapena m'malo admirer ake pafupi A. Tufanov. Zotsatira za "Order ya zaumnik" kubwezeretsanso ngati ndakatulo ndi luso monga Daniil Kharms. yonena wake komanso kuti mu 1926 analowa Onse-Russian Union of olemba ndakatulo, kumene anachotsedwa omwe sanali kupereka mwaufulu.

Oberiu

Theka loyamba la 20s ali ndi Kharms ndi Vvedensky ankadziwa Druskin, amene ali woyambitsa wa bwalo la "Chinar". Kenako, kudzakhala, ndi Daniel, amene anaganiza kugwirizanitsa onse "leftist" olemba pansi dzina limodzi, gulu lina - Oberiu. Waima zovuta izi ngati chidule cha "Association of Real Art". Kodi chidwi, mu Ndondomeko gulu, lofalitsidwa mu 1928, sukulu "zaum" oberiuty analengezeratu ankhanza kwambiri kwa iye. Harms amasiya chiwonongeko cha mawu, masewera watsiku ndi zamkhutu. The cholinga cha gululo chinali zachilengedwe padziko lonse ndipo muno dziko. Oberiuty anafuna kuchotsa katunduyo ku "gaga zolembalemba", kupanga izo weniweni maganizo. Zimenezi zikugwira onse zake bwino zatsopano avant-garde (ndakatulo "Zoipa zosonkhanitsira Osakhulupirira", "Ine anaimba ..."), ndi wakuchita mwa kuvala khalidwe zoseketsa.

Limafotokoza Harms ndi chotheka chodabwitsa mu ankapenta prose ngati "Blue Notebook nambala 10", "Sonnet", "Tumbling Old Women." Malinga ndi iye, nzeru yake ya luso ayenera kukhala wosiyana wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachitsanzo Harms anatchulapo choncho pamene chithunzicho, zosemphana ndi malamulo a thunthu, ena tsamba wopota khalidwe waukulu, umene Komabe, sizitilepheretsa, ndi amaonetsa, ndi kusirira kukongola kwa chilengedwe akusonyezera. Daniel ndipo analenga ntchito modabwitsa (mwachitsanzo, zatchulidwazi "Elizabeth wa Bam"), zomwe mosavuta zoyenera pa nkhani ya mayesero ena oberiutov.

Ntchito ana

Kodi zina kukhala yonena Daniila Harmsa? Ana, nayamba kulemba kumapeto kwa 20s, ndi collaborating angapo a magazini. Ndinagwira ntchito kumeneko ndi anthu ena Oberiu, koma mosiyana iwo, mopweteka kusamala kuti ntchito ulipo, amene wakhala chifuniro cha tsogolo la gwero lake okha ndalama. Magazini yofalitsidwa ndakatulo, wolemba ndakatulo chithunzi, anafalitsa mabuku ( "The loyamba ndi lachiwiri", "Game" ndi zina zotero. D.). Ena mwa iwo anaziletsa kapena osavomerezeka chifukwa malaibulale onse, pamene ena anakondedwa kwambiri pakati owerenga wamng'ono.

Harms mu 1930

Nthawiyi kunali kovuta makamaka kwa anthu olemba amene sanafune kuika talente yake pa conveyor lapansi. Mwa iwo Daniel Harms. Wambiri (autobiography, kani) nthawi anagwidwa mu mizere ya chisoni ndakatulo "Pa ulendo wa kunyumba wolembayo ...". Ndakatulo ndi anadabwa ndi mkwiyo ndikupeza kuti anzake anachoka kwa iye amene ali mokomera wolemba. Harms kumangidwa woyamba unachitika mu December 1931. Yokhala, chiganizo zokhudza ntchito ya ndakatulo m'munda wa mabuku a ana, ngakhale kuganiza kuti amangidwe anali zokhudzana ndi Oberiu. Zikuoneka kuti boma Soviet asakhululukire iye ozunguza antics penapake zankhanza zomwe ndi avant-garde luso - ankadziwa kuti Daniil Kharms. Wambiri mwa ndakatulo mu 30 ntchentche zosiyanasiyana mavuto maganizo ndi kulimbikira zinthu kulandidwa. Komabe, kuthana nawo anamuthandiza kuti mkazi wake wachiwiri - Marina Malich, amene anakhala ndi ndakatulo mpaka mapeto a moyo wake.

imfa

nkhondo inayamba. Harms anakumana defeatism ake ndi kusafuna nawo izo, zimene anamangidwa kachiwiri. Kupewa kuphedwa, Harms zinkanamizira misala. Iye anayikidwa mu kuchipatala cha anthu amisala, pamene iye anafa pa zochitika kowopsa kwa kuzinga mzinda wa Leningrad. Choncho anamaliza wake ntchito Daniil Kharms, mbiri ndi cholowa luso limene tsopano chidwi kwambiri.