Indonesia XVI B.

M'zaka za m'ma XVI. Izo zachitika malo zitatu za dziko la Indonesia: zapadnoindoneziysky kuperekedwa ndi maufumu Muslim a Sumatra ndi Chimaleya Peninsula; Chijavanisi Majapahit ufumu n'kupereka m'malo mwake boma Chisilamu Mataram (Mataram Chakumapeto), gulu la sultanates ku Java ndi madera yake yozungulira, kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa Java; vostochnoindoneziysky anagonjera ndi Philippines, amene anthu m'zaka za m'ma XVI. Ife anayamba zinthu zenizeni ndi zovuta kumayambiriro atsamunda zavisimosti.Indoneziya XVI mu ....

choyambilira umoyo ndi zachuma cha kugwa kwa maufumu ndi mapangidwe limati monoethnic mu magulu waukulu mitundu ndi zikhalidwe dera ayenera mwina kuganizira kukula kwa mphamvu lapansi, amene anapita mofulumira mu zigawo kale zomwe zikutsalirazi. Cholowa cha madera amene anatsimikizira kalasi anthu, chawonjezeka kwambiri. Ngakhale amuna ndi akazi onse anthu a Asia kwachititsa kuti chitukuko cha chikhalidwe .This anachepetsa kusiyana chitukuko pakati pa mbali yaikulu ulimi Asia Southeast, komanso kufooketsa ntchito ya miyambo ofala mu akutali "mtima" wa madera a gawo lapitali.

Zipembedzo latsopano timafalitsa pambuyo mavuto maganizo a zaka XIII-XIV., anali, monga boma, zikusonyeza pafupifupi kokha kwa mayiko a South-East Asia (Theravada Chibuda ndipo Islam ndi predominance wa ku Shafi'i maskhaba). Panthawi imeneyi, ndi Southeast Asia anansi pafupifupi nkhondo sanali, kupatula nkhondo yaikulu ndi Chinese Ming Ufumu State wa việt Nam (1407--1427), kutaya kuti China kwa zaka idaleka pambuyo mfundo aukali asilikali kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia.

Labor zokolola kukula mu ulimi chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano ndi ulimi, mtundu watsopano wa nyama ndi zomera, analenga preconditions kwa khalidwe la ntchito ya kuzungulira ulimi wa banja lina, kwambiri kuchepetsa kufunika chithandizo mwagwirizana m'madera.

Kukula kwa boma machitidwe ulimi wothirira kuphimba mbali yaikulu ya abwino kwambiri mpunga kukula dziko, kulimbitsa ndi kukhala mwachindunji, pafupi ndi munthu, ubale ndi osawuka boma amene alimi mabungwe kuchepa zikuchepa. Ngakhale a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Asia kwachititsa kuti pakhale ubale chikhalidwe .This unalimba ngati kuchuluka kwa anthu ndipo unachititsa zaka zonse kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono za chikhalidwe cha m'mphawi free, kusintha kwa kudalira munthu pa wamba ang'onoang'ono, kulipira lendi wake, ndipo boma - misonkho chidwi amatchulidwa dziko, zina - mu unit zoyambirira za anthu molakwika.

Indonesia m'zaka XVI.