India XI B.

Mu XI-XII CC. mapu a ndale a North India anali kale yosiyana, koma kwenikweni, palibe zasintha zinali chabe a magulu kutsutsana. Mu kumtunda kwa chigwa cha Jumna akulamulira mtundu wa Tomar, amene anayambitsa mzinda wa Delhi n'kuusandutsa likulu lake. Kum'mwera, mu Rajasthan, kulamulidwa ndi Chauhan likulu Sakambhari. Komanso kum'mwera, mu Gujarat, iyo inali mphamvu ya Chaulukev Anahilapataki. Kum'mawa kwa Gujarat, ku Malwa ankalamulidwa Paramary ndi likulu lake ku Ujjayini. Mu Bundelkhand, T. E. mu kum'mwera kwa Jumna, lomwe likulu lake mu Kalandzhare anali Chandella. Kum'mwera kwa iwo, kuzungulira mzinda wa Tripura, ili likhale Kalach-riev. Panopa ambiri Ganga mu XI. panali anasintha pang'onopang'ono mphamvu Pratiharas Gahadavalov ulamuliro, amene anali stoliey Varanasi. Pala anapitiriza kulamulira mu Bihar, koma sanali kusewera ndi udindo waukulu. Pa theka lachiwiri mu XII. iwo potsiriza m'malo mwa ukulu sen, anatuluka mu East Bengal.

India XI B.
Wamkulu mbiri udindo pakati limati aang'ono amenewa achita Chauhan ku Sakambhari. Iwo anayamba ndi zaka za m'ma XII. Udzalamulira ku dera la kumadzulo kwa North India - Tomar anagonjetsa nakhala Delhi, anaika pa chifundo okha ndi Chaulukev Paramarov anagwira Punjab. Zonsezi wapanga Prithviraj Chauhan III (pafupifupi. 1179-1192), amphamvu kwambiri mdani wa Muhammad Ghori, wogonjetsa amene anachokera ku Afghanistan.
Mafumu Paramarov kutamandidwa imodzi predstaviteley- ake Bhoja I (pafupifupi. 1010-1055). Iye ankalimbikitsa olemba ndi ndakatulo, iye anali woyambitsa wa ntchito nzeru, poetics, zakuthambo, zomangamanga, mankhwala, galamala, ambiri anamanga. ulamuliro wake ndi okhala mu mabuku Chisansikiriti ngati zaka golide zaluso ndi sayansi. Bhoja anaphedwa pa kuukira likulu lake mphamvu Dhara ogwirizana Chaulukev, Chalukyas ndi Kalachuriev.
Izi boma la kugawikana ndale ndi udani mwagwirizana wakhala chinthu chofunika, saloledwa kukaniza ankhondowo, anatuluka pa malire a kumadzulo a kudela la.
Monga tanenera kale, ndondomeko mapangidwe ubale ang'onoang'ono anayamba m'zaka mazana oyambirira a m'nthawi yathu ino. Iye anabwera mu magawo awiri. Choyamba, kwa zaka zambiri, kufikira zaka za VIII-X. Anali ndondomeko ya katundu ndi H chikhalidwe "kutsitsa" chochuluka alimi ndi ukapolo zina. Ndiyeno, mogwirizana ndi "mkati Kopambana" Rajput pa gulu la wosanjikiza angongole superimposed latsopano eni zokonda chikhalidwe dziko amene kale anthu nthawi topsheet akumidzi.
Ngati kale malonda, katapira, nyama husbandry ndi ulimi anali chimodzimodzi monga kutchuka kalasi ndi gulu ankaona Vaishya dharma, mu chiyambi cha nthawi yathu ino panali reconsideration udindo iyi jurisprudential mabuku akale. Trade ndi katapira ankatengedwa makalasi mwambo zotsukira kuposa ulimi ndi ulimi nyama, vaisyas udindo anapitiriza yekha amalonda ndi wobwereketsayo zina zinali kuonekera ngati kuwataya pa siteji m'munsi, mwachitsanzo. E. Pomumvera kumaliseche kwa Shudr. Kutsitsa kutchuka kwa ulimi kutsitsa udindo wa okonza minda ya zaulimi. India V. XI.