Nkhani ya mutu wakuti "Njira ya chilengedwe azithunzithunzi mu maphwando a nkhani za Saltykov-Shchedrin"

mavuto kuti chikhalidwe anali nthawi zonse zilipo, ndi nkhani zawo nkhani zawo ndi amazitsutsa ndi Saltykov-Shchedrin. Mwa njira imeneyi amasonyeza chikondi kwa dziko, akudziwa zimene zimachitika kwa anthu okhala ndi dziko wokondedwa.

Saltykov-Shchedrin - exposer wa lochitira chikhalidwe

Saltykov-Shchedrin ankadziwa zoipa zonse serfdom. Kukula mu banja mfulu, kuyambira ali mwana anali odzipereka chidani cha ukapolo wa Amaya. Saltykov Shchedrin ananena za ubwana wake, kumene mantha ndi njala ya wamba chotchedwa mnyamata wolemba ululu moyo.

Shchedrin akubwera kuphunzira mu Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Mwatsoka, sukulu ndi njira yomwe inali mu Pushkin ayi: aphunzitsi ofooka. Pamene ophunzira mutu anapatsa lingaliro kuti awo ntchitoyo - "ntchito kutsogolera magetsi machenjerero". Komabe Lyceum zaka mmene kuberekana pa maganizo a wolemba, kuti kumene anakumana ndi Petrashevsky. Ubwenzi wotchuka zosatheka wolemba ndipo amphamvu kwambiri.

Kale ntchito yake yoyamba Saltykov-Shchedrin amazitsutsa dongosolo chikhalidwe ndi kukhazikika. Pakuti wolemba Nicholas Ine amatanthauza Vyatka. Pali Saltykov-Shchedrin ngakhale mwamphamvu ya lingaliro la kuti chikhalidwe.

Atabwerera ku ukapolo Saltykov-Shchedrin ntchito mu Utumiki, anakumana ndi Nekrasov ndipo akuyamba ntchito "Mfundo za Lathu" ndi "Contemporary". Kaya inu akulemba ntchito kapena yotumikira anthu, onse padziko ntchito amalembedwa wapadera Michael Evgrafovich.

Nthano - korona wa ntchito wolembayo

Fairy nkhani ndi korona wa chilengedwe Saltykov-Shchedrin. Pa dzanja limodzi, pamtima polemba chinenero ichi anali kuchitapo ndale. Mu 1881, anthu anaphedwa Alexander II. Zitachitika izi, m'mabuku ndi kwambiri kupimidwa. Choncho, kunali koyenera kuti mukupanga njira yatsopano kuti Atchule owerenga kwa podzudzula mavuto. Zimenezi zinapangitsa Saltykov-Shchedrin achisangalalo ku mtundu wanyimbo Aesopian - nthano.

Panali chifukwa chinanso mankhwalawa wolemba kuti nthano: Iye anakhulupirira, mtundu wanyimbo pafupi kwambiri kwa anthu, kupyolera mwa iwo akhoza kusonyeza wowerenga maganizo anu. Ntchito njira kulenga nkhani azithunzithunzi Saltykov-Shchedrin sanasiyidwa osayanjanitsika ambiri osiyanasiyana.

"Nkhani kwa zaka chilungamo" - linali dzina la m'chigawo choyamba wa Saltykov-Shchedrin, womwenso 28 nkhani. N'chifukwa chiyani analemba limanena kuti omvera ake? Ana amaphunzira mothandizidwa ndi nthano dziko, komanso, molingana ndi Saltykov-Shchedrin, ndi akulu ayenera kutsegula maso anu ku chenicheni.

Wolemba akuoneka ngati owerenga ndi - wabwino chikhalidwe m'tsogolo nkhani kudzera amene akutuluka kuseka wachipongwe. Otsutsa anafotokoza Saltykov-Shchedrin monga "Loya Russian chenicheni."

Nthawi zambiri, nthano anakweza nkhani zingapo zogwirizana. Iwo akhoza kusanduka zinayi: padzuwa mphamvu zopanda malire a mfumu, kalasi ulamuliro, liberalism, monga wolemba nkhawa ndi vuto la anthu.

Luso m'maganizo nkhani Saltykov-Shchedrin

Pa voliyumu ndi zosakwana nkhani nthano. Koma anawulula kwambiri anthu ndi khalidwe lawo. Zimapezeka n'kotheka zikutanthauza lingaliro la kupanga azithunzithunzi. Mu nkhani Saltykov- Shchedrina luso akhoza kuona zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Kuyankhulana ndi nkhani wowerengeka:

• Kudziwana: "Ankakhala koma anali", "Mu ufumu wina."
• Mawerengero mu mtengo sanali M'ndandanda, "Far kutali ufumu."
• Kuti: "Pa funde la Wand lapansi."
• Lowoneka achipongwe: "zilombo zolusa."
• maina lowoneka "Ivan wopusa".

2. kunachokera miyambo ya nthano. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa nthano mu prose, chifukwa chongoyerekezera chinenero cha anasonyeza makhalidwe anthu kudzera zifanizo za nyama ( "anzeru Piscary").

3. A pawiri kwenikweni ndi wosangalatsa - gwero yaikulu imene zimatheka mu azithunzithunzi-nkhani Saltykov Shchedrina.

4. nkhani yodziwika ndi chinenero aphoristic.

Nthabwala ndi Zotengera kusiyana pakati pa mfundo

Pamaso kusanthula njira kulenga azithunzithunzi nkhani Saltykov-Shchedrin, muyenera kudziwa kuti wolemba amagwiritsa: nthabwala kapena Zotengera. mfundo ziwirizi ikukhudzana bwanji ndi zotsatira azithunzithunzi, koma ali ndi kusiyana kwambiri: nthabwala - izo ndi kuseka, osati zovuta kwa munthu. Ndi Zotengera chirichonse chiri chosiyana: ndi njiru, caustic akumwetulira. Monga ulamuliro, izo zimapangitsa kusangalala ndi makhalidwe a munthu kapena chikhalidwe. Zionetsero ndi mkwiyo wolungama - ndi Zotengera makina.

Limagwiritsa ntchito satirical kuseka Saltykov-Shchedrin amasimbira. kuseka Izi kuti owerenga kuganiza kuti zonse zili bwino mu dongosolo alipo.

Monga wolemba amakwaniritsa azithunzithunzi

Taganizirani njira kulenga azithunzithunzi nkhani Saltykov-Shchedrin. Wolemba amagwiritsa njira zingapo:

1. The hyperbola (kukokomeza). Mwachitsanzo, Piscary moyo ndi kunthunthumira zaka 100 mu dzenje ake (nthano "Wanzeru Piscary").
2. Grotesque (pawiri zenizeni ndi zopeka). Tikhoza kunena kuti ndi khalidwe la nkhani kwambiri grotesque Shchedrin. Ndipotu, makhalidwe ake amakonda kuwonekera, theka-zongopeka dziko theka weniweni ( "nthano za mmene munthu mmodzi kudyetsedwa asilikali awiri" - a asilikali njira yeniyeni wosangalatsa amasamukira wolemba pa chilumba mchipululu).
3. Zophiphiritsa (kusonyezedwa kudzera zithunzi za nyama ndi zoipa anthu chikhalidwe). Mwachitsanzo, nthano "chosadzikonda kalulu" omwe ankatsutsa kumvera kapolo, kuwaposa mphamvu chibadwa cha zitetezeke. Ndipo izo anamanga amazikonda anthu otchuka.
4. chilankhulo Aesop. Phwando, imene mawu wolemba nditaona, wodzala ndi zosiyidwa ndi allusions. (Ankhondo, kamodzi pa chisumbu, "anafuula nthawi yoyamba atakhala chatsekedwa kaundula").

Monga mukuonera, ntchito zosiyanasiyana zipangizo polenga azithunzithunzi nkhani Saltykov-Shchedrin. Nkhani pa nkhaniyi ayenera kuphimba iliyonse chakudya.

Analysis zida azithunzithunzi nthano "Wild mwininyumba"

Tiyeni tione imodzi ya tinkhani kufotokoza njira kulenga azithunzithunzi nkhani Saltykov-Shchedrin. "Wild mwininyumba" - mmodzi wa ntchito wotchuka wolemba polemba chinenero ichi. The nthano limafotokoza nkhani ya mwini malo, amene anali opanda serfs. Iye ankaona kuti, pakutayika "munthu", adzachiritsa bwino, koma izo zinachitika njira zina mozungulira. The mwininyumba ndi ntsanga kuti anakhala ngati nyama.

Saltykov-Shchedrin nthano za zikutipatsa mfundo yofunika kwambiri: mphamvu chosefukira kwa kalasi mwininyumba, anthu wamba, kupusa ndi kupanda pake kwa moyo wa nzika. Mlembi amabweretsa lingaliro lake pogwiritsa ntchito zida zenizeni: okokomeza, grotesque, synecdoche ndi otsutsana.

Hyperbolic fanizo la mwinimunda pambuyo akusowa wamba: inamera tsitsi, misomaliyo, anataya kulankhula. Ngati ife kulankhula za grotesque, ndi yokwanira chitsanzo chakuti ku malo anataya Amaya. Komanso, Saltykov-Shchedrin mosavuta amapatsirana weniweni kwa wosangalatsa: kuno mwininyumba amakhala pa Nyumbayi - vuto lenileni, kuthamanga zakutchire, "palibe munthu" - wosangalatsa, mwamuna anaonekera - moyo kukhala m'chombocho.

Nthano ya kapangidwe ntchito otsutsana - otsutsa: moyo wathunthu wa mwini malo ndi munthu zotsutsana ndi moyo popanda munthu. Kupereka chodabwitsa kapolo wamba lonse khalidwe, wolemba wayambira kuchita synecdoche, phwando, limene gawo ndi allocated kudzera lonse: "osauka" mu nthano - ndi anthu wamba onse wonse.

chilankhulo wolemba nditaona, kamvekedwe wake khalidwe la chinenero Aesop (mwininyumba sanathe kumapeputsa kulankhula zikumveka kale, "koma sanabadwe ankalankhula mchira").

Takambirana njira kulenga azithunzithunzi nkhani Saltykov-Shchedrin. Kalembedwe chingakhale chosakwanira ngati mulibe kuunikila njira luso: mafanizo ( "fireball") ndi adjectives ( "golide Mau" "wofumbutuka thupi").

Author ntchito ndi folklore zolinga. Izi zimatheka mu nkhani azithunzithunzi Saltykov-Shchedrin. Nkhani "Wild mwininyumba" - yotero. Tikumbukenso: intonation ( "mu ufumu"), mawu ( "mosangalala mpaka kalekale"), folklore zithunzi za nyama (umabala woganiza, wamantha kalulu, wochenjera pang'ono mbewa), zitatu kubwerezabwereza (katatu anatenga mwininyumba alendo pamene wamba zinafa).

Nkhani Shchedrin - chipilala cha Zotengera. Ntchito wowerengeka ndakatulo mwambo, wolemba anatha kutchula wolemera maganizo nazo.