Mfundo zolembalemba: vuto la ungwazi

Wotchuka American ndakatulo ndi wolemba Eleanor panyengo Sarton, wodziwika ambiri owerenga ngati May Sarton a mawu mowirikiza ogwidwa: "Ganizirani ngati ndi opambana - ndipo mudzakhala zinthu ngati munthu wamakhalidwe."

Pali zambiri zimene zalembedwa za udindo wa ungwazi miyoyo ya anthu. ukoma lino lomwe lili ndi chiwerengero cha ofananira: kulimba mtima, olimba mtima, kulimba mtima, kulimba mtima akuwonetseredwa mu thandizo ake. mphamvu Moral chololera kutsatira weniweni ndi utumiki lenileni la Mama, anthu, anthu. vuto la ungwazi chenicheni ndi chiyani? Zifukwa angagwiritse ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Koma chinthu chachikulu iwo: ungwazi choona si wakhungu. Zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana ungwazi Osangopereka kugonjetsa mavuto ena. Iwo onse ali chinthu chimodzi chofanana - kubweretsa kwa miyoyo ya anthu tanthauzo la moyenera.

Ambiri owala mabuku, onse Russian ndi achilendo, kufunafuna ndi kupeza Kuphunzira kwa zikamera wa chodabwitsa zogonjetsa nkhani yake yowala ndi wapadera. Vuto la ungwazi, mwamwayi kwa ife, owerenga, kuunikiridwa ambuye wa cholembera yowala, si yamasewera. Wapatali ntchito zawo kuti zapamwamba kumiza owerenga mu dziko lamkati la ngwazi, amene mkulu ntchito woyamikiridwa ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Mutu wa nkhaniyi kuti tikambirane zinthu zina zapamwamba, amene kunachokera njira yapadera ndi nkhani ya ungwazi ndi kulimba mtima.

Zimphona - otizungulira

Masiku ano, umbuli ndi malingaliro mwatsoka ukulamulira maganizo olakwika ungwazi. anthu amakono ndi mutu wake kumizidwa mavuto awo mwini pang'ono dziko lawo odzikonda. Choncho, chifukwa chikumbumtima chawo limeneli linachokera zofunika mfundo mwatsopano ndi zazing'ono pa nkhani ya ungwazi. Ndikhulupirireni, tazunguliridwa ndi otchuka. Ife basi osaganizira chifukwa chakuti miyoyo wathu ndi waufupi woona. Osati amuna okha zimachita zinthu zogometsa. Tione - mkazi, ndi chiweruziro madokotala, akulephera kubereka mfundo - kubereka. Ungwazi angayambe n'kumasonyeza m'nthawi yathu pa mbali ya kama, pa tebulo positi ofesi, mu malo ogwilila ntchito ndi ngakhale mu mbaula khitchini. Inu muyenera kuphunzira mmene kuziwona izo.

Zolembalemba chifaniziro cha Mulungu, ngati ikukonzekera foloko. Pasternak ndi Bulgakov

Nsembe chimasiyanitsa ungwazi woona. Ambiri anzeru zolembalemba zapamwamba pofuna kusokoneza owerenga awo zikhulupiriro, kulera kapamwamba kumvetsa tanthauzo lalikulu la ungwazi mkulu ngati n'kotheka. Iwo ndi mphamvu kulenga mwapadera kuuza owerenga mfundo yayikulu kwambiri kusimba wake wa ungwazi wa Mulungu, mwana wa munthu.

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak "Doctor Zhivago", moona mtima kwambiri ntchito ya m'badwo wake, analemba za olimba ngati choyimira chopambana cha anthu. Malinga ndi wolemba, osati chiwawa, ndi makhalidwe vuto lotseguka ungwazi woona. Mfundo amapanga pakamwa pake amalume a protagonist ndi, NN Vedenyapina. Iye akukhulupirira kuti chirombo matalala mwa ife, alephera kuletsa Oweta ndi kumukwapula kwambiri. Koma izi zimachititsa kuti mlaliki, okhudzidwa okha.

A tingachipeze powerenga mabuku Russian, mwana wa pulofesa wa maphunziro, Mikhail Bulgakov a buku "Master ndi Margarita" likutionetsera ife ndi tanthauzo lake choyambirira zolembalemba cha chifano cha Mesiya - Yesu Ha-. Good ulaliki umene Yesu anapita kwa anthu - ndi malonda oopsa. Mawu a choonadi, chikumbumtima, mosiyana ndi maziko a anthu, zinadzala ndi imfa kwa simukulankhulanso iwo. Ngakhale bwanamkubwa wa Yudeya, Pontiyo Pilato, amene sanazengereze, akhoza kuthandiza a Mark Ratslayer atazunguliridwa ndi Germany, mantha kumuuza choonadi (mu nkhani iyi, anazemba akugwirizana ndi malingaliro a Ha-.) Mesiya mtendere molimba mtima motere tsogolo lake, ndi yake asilikali achiroma trots. mfundo Bulgakov a mtima. Vuto la ungwazi ali umafananirako umodzi organic wa mfundo, worldview, mau ndi ntchito.

Zifukwa Genrika Senkevicha

Chifanizo cha Yesu mwa kampira kulimba mtima ikutuluka buku Genrika Senkevicha a "Quo Vadis." Bright ndi Polish zolembalemba tingachipeze powerenga mithunzi kulenga nkhani yapadera mzere mu buku lake lodziwika.

Apostol Petr ngakhale Yesu anapachikidwa ataukitsidwa, ku Roma, zotsatirazi ntchito yake: kudzatunga Mzinda Wamuyaya kwa Chikhristu. Komabe, inconspicuous wapaulendo, sadzachitanso anafika, mboni kupambana kulowa ndi Mfumu Nero. Petro anadabwa kulambira mfumu ya Roma. Iye sakudziwa mmene kupeza izi chodabwitsa kukangana. Vuto la ungwazi, kulimba mtima munthu, osamva otsutsa wolamulira wa, anayatsa, kuyambira ndi Peter mantha kuti sangathe kukwaniritsa cholinga. Iye anataya chikhulupiriro mwa Iye athaŵila ku City Wamuyaya. Komabe, anasiya makoma, mtumwi anaona Yesu mu thupi la munthu, akubwera kudzakumana naye. Anadabwa ndi zimene anaona, Petro anafunsa Mesiya, kumene ayenera kukhala: "Quo Vadis?" Yesu anayankha kuti kuyambira Peter anasiya anthu ake, ndiye iye ndi wina - kuti akapachikidwe kachiwiri. Panopa, utumiki ndithu akusonyeza mtima. Modabwa kwambiri, Peter akubwerera ku Rome ...

Mutu wa kulimbika "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere"

mawunikidwe olemera pa akamanena za ungwazi mabuku Russian zachikhalidwe. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy mu buku lake epic "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" anamuukitsa mafunso angapo aumunthu. Chifanizo cha Prince Andrew, kuyenda pa njira ya wankhondo, wolembayo kuika mfundo zenizeni. Vuto la ungwazi ndi mtima momvetsa reinvented ndi evolves mu maganizo a kalonga Bolkonsky. loto lake unyamata - kuchita chintchito - otsika kuzindikira ndi kumvetsa akamanena za nkhondo. Khalani ngwazi, ndi kuti asaoneke - kotero kusintha moyo zofunika Prince Andrew pambuyo nkhondo ya Shengrabenom.

Ndodo msilikali Bolkonski amadziwa kuti ngwazi weniweni ya nkhondo ndi mkulu batire, Captain Tushino. Wodzichepetsa, anataya pamaso pa mabwana. Chinthu kudzathandiza kunyozedwa. Batire ang'ono ndi wofooka nondescript mkulu sanali flinch pamaso pa losagonjetseka French, mavuto onse kuti iwo ndi zathandiza kuti mphamvu zazikulu za bungwe mthunzi. Tushin anachita pa akufunira, kuti - kuphimba kumbuyo kwa asilikali - iye sanamvere. Kumvetsa akamanena za nkhondo - anali awa mfundo zake. Vuto la ungwazi kusintha malamulo Prince Bolkonsky, iye mwadzidzidzi amasintha ntchito yake ndi thandizo M. I. Kutuzova anakhala kazembe wa Regiment lapansi. Mu nkhondo ya Borodino, anaukitsa Regiment kumuukira, ndi zoipa ndiwobvulazidwa. Russian kapitawo thupi la mbendera akaona tinakaona munda wa Borodino , Napoleon Bonaparte. Zimene mfumu French - ulemu: "Kodi imfa wokongola!" Koma kuchita ungwazi Bolkonski chikugwirizana ndi chidziwitso cha dziko la kukhulupirika, chifundo kufunika.

Harper Lee "aphe Mockingbird"

Kumvetsa ungwazi pali zingapo za ntchito za upamwamba American. Buku "aphe Mockingbird" ali kusukulu onse Achimereka pang'ono. Lili mfundo choyambirira za chikhalidwe cha kulimba mtima. lingaliro izi zikumveka kuchokera mkamwa ya wazamalamulo Atticus, munthu wa ulemu, kutenga wabwino, koma osati bizinezi. mfundo zake nkhani ungwazi kuwerenga motere: Kulimbika - ndi pamene inu angatenge kuti agwire ntchito, pamene podziwa kuti kutaya. Komabe, kutenga ndi kupita ku mapeto. Ndipo nthawizina akadali kutsindikiza apambane.

Image wa Melanie ndi Margaret Mitchell

buku Margaret Mitchell ndi za American South wa XIX m'ma kupanga fano wapadera ndi osalimba ndi kaso, koma pa nthawi yomweyo mtima ndi wolimba dona Melanie. Iye akukhulupirira kuti anthu onse ndi chinthu chabwino, ndi wokonzeka kuwathandiza. aukhondo kunyumba kwake osauka adzakhala wodziwika mu Atlanta chifukwa cha cordiality wa makamu. Nthawi yoopsa kwambiri ya moyo wake, Scarlett amalandira Melanie ngati thandizo, amene sakhoza imawunikidwa.

ungwazi Hemingway a

Ndipo, ndithudi, sitingathe amanyalanyaza nkhani yakale ya Hemingway a "The Old Man ndi Nyanja" imene limanena za chikhalidwe cha kulimba mtima ndi ungwazi. Nkhondo okalamba Cuba Santiago ndi chinsomba chachikulu akufanana fanizo. mfundo ophiphiritsa pa nkhani ya ungwazi, anapereka Hemingway. Nyanja ndi ofanana ndi moyo, ndi wachikulire Santiago - zochitika anthu. Wolembayu anati mawu akhala leitmotif la ungwazi oona: "Munthu sanalengedwe kuvutika kugonja. Zikhoza kuwononga, koma kupambana - ayi "!

Strugatsky abale "akayende mu msewu"

Nthano anayambitsanso owerenga kuti zinthu phantasmagoric. Mwachionekere, pambuyo kubera alendo anapanga zone anomalous mu dziko. Stalkers ndi "mtima" wa malowa, ali wapadera katundu. Munthu amene ali m'derali, zimalimba njira ina: kapena kufa kapena zone amakwaniritsa chilichonse chilakolako. Strugatsky mwaluso zikusonyeza zamoyo wa moyo wa ngwazi, amene wasankha pa mlingo umenewu. Mokhutiritsa limasonyeza catharsis wake. Stalkers palibe kudzikonda mercantile, iye akuganiza kuti mwa mawu a anthu, choncho amafuna woyendera nthambi ya "chimwemwe kwa onse", koma ndiye, kuti sanali asalandidwe iwo. ndi maganizo a Strugatsky, vuto la ungwazi chiyani? Zifukwa m'mabuku amasonyeza - ndi kanthu popanda chifundo ndi anthu.

Boris Polevoy "Mbiri ya Mwamuna Weniweni"

Mu mbiri ya anthu Russian nthawi pamene ungwazi wakhala moona ambiri. Zikwi asilikali kuti moyo imeneyi mayina awo. Mkulu mutu wa Hero wa Soviet Union kupereka amuna khumi zikwi. Pankhaniyi, anthu 104 akhala amaitcha kuti kawiri. Ndipo anthu atatu - katatu. Munthu woyamba kulandira udindo uwu mkulu anakhala woyendetsa Ace dzina lake Aleksandr Ivanovich Pokryshkin. Only mu tsiku lina - r Mukhoza 12.04.1943 - iye anaponya pansi ankhondowo ndege asanu lopondereza!

Ndithudi, musaiwale kubweretsa mibadwo latsopano la chitsanzo chawo cha ungwazi - monga umbanda. Izi zichitike ndi mwa chitsanzo cha Soviet "asilikali" mabuku - izi ndi mfundo za mayeso. ana vuto amunamuna akuunika zitsanzo za kuwonjezeka kwa munda Boris Mihaila Sholohova, Boris Vasileva.

Nkhondo mtolankhani wa nyuzipepala "Pravda" Boris Polevoy anadabwa nkhani woyendetsa 580 TH Wankhondo Regiment Mareseva Alekseya. M'nyengo yozizira ya 1942, iye anawomberedwa pansi pa thambo la dera Novgorod. Anavulazidwa mu mwendo masiku woyendetsa 18 kufika crawling awo. Iye anapulumuka, ali mapazi ake koma "anadya" chilonda. Otsatidwa ndi amputation. Mu kuchipatala komwe anagona Alexey pambuyo opaleshoni, iye anali mphunzitsi ndale SERGEY Vorobev. Iye anatha azinyadira Maresiev maloto - kubwerera ku mlengalenga monga womenya woyendetsa. Kudzera ululu, Alex wophunzira osati kuyenda pa ziwalo, komanso kuvina. The apotheosis wa nkhaniyi woyamba mpweya nkhondowo, anachita woyendetsa pambuyo kuvulazidwa.

"Anagonja" bolodi zachipatala. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo yeniyeni Aleksey Maresev anawomberedwa pansi ndege mdani 11, ndipo ambiri a iwo - seveni - pambuyo ndiwobvulazidwa.

olemba Soviet mokhutiritsa anawulula vuto la ungwazi. Zifukwa m'mabuku a zikusonyeza - zochita anachita osati amuna komanso akazi, anaitanidwa kuti akhale. Nthano Borisa Vasileva "The mabukuwa Apa Kodi Bata" ndi odabwitsa mu sewero ake. Mu kumbuyo Soviet tidakocheza yaikulu zoukira boma gulu Nazi analipo anthu 16. Alimba mtima anapha mtsikana (Rita Osyanin, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Sonia Gurevich, Galya Chetvertak) kutumikira 171 sitima mphambano molamulidwa ndi Sergeant Fedota Vaskovo. Komabe, iwo zimawononga 11 achifasizimu. Otsala asanu kapitawo wapeza mu kanyumba. Wina anamupha ndi anayi captivate. Komanso akukamba akaidi ake, kukomoka wotopa.

"Tsoka la Munthu"

Msangani wenewu Mihaila Aleksandrovicha Sholohova kutiuza kuti zakale Red Army - dalaivala Andrei Sokolov. Mwachidule ndi chooneka moti imasonyeza vuto wolemba mtima ndi ungwazi. Zifukwa kukhudza moyo wa owerenga kwa nthawi yaitali analibe kuyang'ana. Pafupifupi banja nkhondo II chisoni. Andrei Sokolov zinalipo zambiri: mu 1942 kupha mkazi Irina ndi aakazi awiri (bomba kugunda nyumba). Mwana mozizwitsa anapulumuka zitachitika, mongodzipereka anapita kutsogolo. Andrew yekha wagonjetsa, anagwidwa ndi Anazi, iye anathawa. Komabe, kuyembekezeredwa tsoka latsopano: Mu 1945, 9 May, Sniper anapha mwana.

Andrew yekha, kutaya banja lake lonse, napeza mphamvu za kuyamba moyo watsopano "kuchokera zikande". Iye anatengera mnyamata yosokera Vanya, tate wolera kwa iye. Izi ft makhalidwe kachiwiri chimadzaza moyo wake ukhale waphindu.

Pomaliza

Awa ndi mfundo vuto la ungwazi mu mabuku zachikhalidwe. Otsiriza kwenikweni angathandizire munthu kukamuukitsa iye kulimba mtima. Si kumuthandiza ndalama, koma amanga mu moyo wake malire, amene yoipa tayu kupandira. Iye analemba mabuku Remarque mu "Arc de Triomphe". Zokangana za ungwazi mu mabuku chakale ali malo oyenera.

Ungwazi akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati chodabwitsa amenewa ndi mtundu wa "zitetezeke", osati za m'moyo wamunthu aliyense, ndipo anthu onse. Gawo la anthu, achiwiri "selo" - munthu (zochita anachita naidostoyneyshie), chikumbumtima lotengeka ndi okoma ndi uzimu, kudzipereka okha nsembe, kupulumutsa kwambiri. Chakale mabuku - chimodzi cha zida zimene zimathandiza anthu kumvetsa ndi kuzindikira chikhalidwe osalunjika kulimba mtima.