Amene analemba "Master ndi Margarita"? Mbiri ya buku "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita"

Ngakhale buku linalembedwa nthawi yaitali ndipo ndi tingachipeze powerenga, ndipo akadali otchuka kwambiri pakati pa achinyamata. Chifukwa cha maphunziro a kusukulu pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa buku limeneli ndi amene analemba izo. "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita" - buku, analengedwa ndi wolemba kwambiri Mihailom Afanasevichem Bulgakovym.

Akamaona buku la

anthu opanda chidwi poyerekezera ndi ntchito pafupifupi sanali sakupezeka. Ndipotu, owerenga anawagawa m'magulu awiri: amene amakonda chikondi ndiponso imakhumbira iwo, ndi amene chabe amadana ndipo alibe kuzindikira namatetule Bulgakov. Koma pali lachitatu, wamng'ono, gulu. Kuti izo akhoza zimachitika mwina chabe ana. Iwo ali amene sadamva za buku ndi sadziwa amene wolemba.

"Master ndi Margarita" - ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zapadera ndiponso zodabwitsa prose. olemba ambiri ndi akatswiri zolembalemba ayesetsa kuthetsa mwambi wa kutchuka kwake ndi bwino owerenga. Mpaka kumapeto a palibe koma anakwanitsa.

Osati ambiri angathe kukumbukira ndi kuitana ntchito zotero, zomwe kwaiye kutsutsana kwambiri owazungulira. Za buku Bulgakov, iwo sitileka lero. Iwo amalankhula za m'Baibulo chigawo nkhani ya prototypes a m'nkhaniyi, ndi nthanthi ndi zokongoletsa mizu ya buku, za amene onse mofanana ndi mbali yaikulu, ndipo ngakhale mtundu wanyimbo imene kwalembedwa ntchito.

Masiteji atatu a akulemba buku, ndi B. V. Sokolovu

Maganizo za mbiri mabuku a zolemba a "Master ndi Margarita", komanso mmene ntchito amasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Sokolov, woyambitsa "Bulgakov Encyclopedia", ukugawa Baibulo buku la magawo atatu. Iye ananena kuti ntchito mankhwala inayamba mu 1928. Mwina, zinali ndiye kuti wolemba buku "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita" ndipo iye anakonza, ndi kulemba ena mitu yokha inayamba mu yozizira 1929. Kale woyamba kope wathunthu anapatsidwa m'chaka cha chaka chomwecho. Koma pali sanali mwachindunji anauza amene wolemba amene analemba izo. "Master ndi Margarita" ngakhale sanali kuoneka ngati mutu wa ntchito. Mpukutu yakuti "Furibunda" chinaperekedwa kwa wofalitsa "Nedra" pansi pa pseudonym K. Tugay. A March chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu cha 1930 linanyeka wolemba. Choncho mapeto gawo loyamba la ntchito nyuzipepala, anamasulidwa Boris Vadimovich Sokolov.

Gawo lachiwiri anayamba m'dzinja 1936. Ndipo palibe akudziwa pa nthawi imene buku adzatchedwa monga ife tsopano anazolowera. A maganizo osiyana ndi Bulgakov yekha, amene analemba izo. "Master ndi Margarita" - ntchito alandira dzina losiyana kwa Mlembi wake: "Iye anawonekera" ndi "Zinali", "Advent", "Grand Chancellor", "Ndine pano", "wakuda wamatsenga", "A chipewa ndi nthenga" "ziboda mlangizi" ndi "Horseshoe mlendo", "Black zaumulungu," ndiponso "Satana". Sichinasinthe, mmodzi subtitle - ". Zongoganizira buku"

Ndipo potsiriza, gawo lachitatu - theka lachiwiri la 1936 mpaka mapeto a 1938. buku loyamba anali amatchedwa "Kalonga wa Mdima", koma ndiye komabe tapeza dzina bwino kwa ife. Ndipo m'chilimwe oyambirira, mu 1938, izo tinalisindikizanso zonse kwa nthawi yoyamba.

Chirichonse chimene chinachitika ndi buku ndi zina Sokolov saganizira maudindo nyuzipepala, akuyitana Kusintha mlembi.

Naini Mabaibulo ena, monga Losev

V. I. Losev pa zaka makumi awiri kuphunzira mbiri ndi ntchito ya Mikhail Bulgakov. Iye ukugawa mbiri ya kulemba kwa buku la m'magulu naini, ngati wolemba yekha.

• Choyamba Edition - "wakuda matsenga". kusodza ili la buku, buku loyamba olembedwa 1928-1929. Ilibe Master ndi Margarita, ndipo pali m'machaputala anayi okha.
• The chachiwiri - "ziboda injiniya." Ili ndilo buku lachiwiri la zaka chomwecho akhakula. Izi ndi kupitiriza, gawo lachiwiri la Baibulo loyambirira la ntchito. Iwo ali mitu itatu yokha, koma ndiye pakhala lingaliro limodzi la magawo wofunika kwambiri buku la - ndi gawo lotchedwa "Uthenga wa Woland."
• Chachitatu - "Madzulo lowopsya la Sabata." Drafts, zina zachidule kwa buku la, zinalembedwa zaka 1929-1931. Palinso machaputala atatu. Ndi pamaso pa buku lomaliza limene ingafikiridwe choncho Griboedov.
• Chachinayi - "Grand Chancellor". Woyamba magazini athunthu a pamanja a. Pali kale kuwonekera Margarita ndi wokonda ake. Ndizo basi dzina lake mpaka Master ndi ndakatulo.
• Chachisanu - "Zongoganizira buku." Mutu uwu anakopera ndi kumaliza mu zaka 1934-1936. Pali zinthu zatsopano, koma palibe zosintha kwambiri.
• Chimodzi - "Golden Nkondo". Izi zinachititsa kuti ovutika "Magic Money" pamanja yosatha.
• Seventh - "Kalonga wa Mdima." Woyamba khumi Mitu ya buku la. Chikondi nkhani ya Master ndi Margarita si pano, ndi zonse kudulidwa pa kuoneka protagonist lapansi. Ndipo apa Berlioz dzina Mirtsevym.
• Chitatu gawo - "The Master ndi Margarita." Complete ndi okhwima pamanja magazini a 1928-1937 a. Ndipo Baibulo ili linasindikizidwa mlongo Elena Bulgakova Olga Bokshanskoy.
• Chinayi - monga "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita." Otsiriza ndi womaliza Baibulo, zomwe zikuphatikizapo kuwonjezapo onse atsopano ndi ndemanga Bulgakov. Inasindikizidwa atamwalira wolemba Elena Sergeevna, mkazi wake, mu 1966.

Yankho nkhani Belobrovtsevoy ndi Kulyus

Mu njira zambiri, Baibulo ndi yofanana ndi kuti Losev, monga mokwanira kugwirizana ndi Kutsutsa Baibulo loyamba. Komabe, mutu wachiwiri wa akonzi iwo amachitcha "ziboda injiniya" wa osewera buku "Nedra" mu yofalitsa. Zinali kuno nthawi yoyamba pali Mbuye, dzina akadali Fesey. Iye atenge mbali ya Faust alibe margaritas. Baibulo lachitatu, monga mwa Belobrovtsevoy ndi Kulyus ndi "Zongoganizira buku" lolembedwa ndi Bulgakov mu 1932, pamene Mbuye kusandulika kwa Fesi mu ndakatulo ndi kale zikuoneka Margarita. Chachinayi, iwo amakhulupirira akonzi mu 1936, munthu amene anamaliza kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu akuti "mapeto." Next ndi mankhwala a 1937 - yosatha buku "Kalonga wa Mdima." pamanja A ndiye kusindikizidwa O. S. Bokshanskoy. Kale olemba ake kuvala ankaona kope chiwiri. Ndi chitatu komanso yomaliza - ndi ufulu Bulgakov ndi mkazi wake asanafe linasindikizidwa pambuyo pa imfa yake.

Ife kufalitsa buku mu mawonekedwe imene ife tikudziwa izo, kwa nthawi yoyamba mu "Moscow" magazini mu 1966. mankhwala yomweyo anakhala otchuka ndi dzina la Bulgakov sanasiye milomo ya m'nthawi yake. Ndiye, ndendende, palibe munthu akafunsa kuti, amene ndi woyambitsa wa ntchito yemwe analemba. "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita" - buku amene anapanga chidwi kwambiri. Ndipo iye akadali amakhala mbiri.