Francis Fukuyama: yonena kafukufuku ndi sayansi ntchito

Francis Fukuyama ndi mtundu wa anthu amene ali okhoza kuzindikira okha muzochitika zosiyanasiyana. Iye ndi katswiri wotchuka m'madera monga nzeru, sayansi ndale ndi zachuma. Komanso, anasonyeza kuthekera kwake pamene wolemba amene anapereka dziko mabuku zingapo zofunika ndi nkhani zambiri pa mitu yosiyanasiyana.

zaka zoyambirira

Mbiri yake inayamba mu Chicago mu 1952, pamene Francis Fukuyama anabadwa mu banja lina longobwera Japanese. Yosamutsa mabanja Fukuyama anayamba ndi agogo Francis, amene anathawira ku United States ku Russian-Japanese nkhondo. bambo ake anali mu US ndi PhD, kotero ife tikhoza kunena kuti mnyamatayo anakulira imene chogwidwa ndi ludzu la chidziwitso. Kusukulu, wandale tsogolo unapita patsogolo kwambiri, koma iye sanatero tcheru kwambiri chinenero ndi chikhalidwe. Kodi malangizo liwunikidwenso anasankha wamng'ono Francis Fukuyama? Wambiri ya zaka wake zikutsimikizira kuti maphunziro kwenikweni anatenga pakati penipeni pa moyo wa chithunzi sayansi.

mapangidwe

Nditamaliza sukulu, Francis walowa University Cornell, zomwe adaphunzira nzeru ndale. Iye anabwera kunja Bachelor ya Tirhana na anaganiza kukapitiriza maphunziro ake ku University Yale m'munda wa mabuku poyerekeza. Atakhala kumeneko miyezi 6 Paris, anazindikira kuti azimuth izi singakwaniritse iye, ndi chifukwa kuti anaganiza kuphunzira sayansi ndale Harvard. Kweneko iye bwino kwambiri nkhani yolembedwa wake digirii mu nzeru pa phunziro la Soviet mfundo alowererepo mu Middle East. Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pofuna kudziteteza monga lecturer pa yunivesite ya California. Monga mukuonera, Fukuyama ali kwathunthu anadzipereka sayansi, kutha bwanji kuchuluka yaikulu ndi kusankha pa mapeto, ndani wa iwo ali ambiri kumuyandikira.

ntchito

Pafupifupi zaka 10 za moyo wake, Francis Fukuyama ali odzipereka ntchito pakati kafukufuku wa RAND Corporation, pamene iye ndi mlangizi ku nthawi ino. Chimodzi mwa zomwe waukulu moyo ndi mfundo za mbiri ya malo amakhala katswiri mogwirizana Mediterranean ku US Department State. Kenako anakhala kazembe wotsogolera naye asilikali pandale ku Ulaya. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye anadzakhala membala wa gululo kukambirana za kudziyimira pawokha Palestina. Zimenezi ndi chuma kwambiri mu moyo wa Francis Fukuyama, kukhala wa Reagan oyendetsa ndiye ndi George HW adalikuthengo, izo kwambiri anakweza ulamuliro wake kuti wapereka iye wambiri mwayi yotsatira.

ntchito Scientific ndi mabuku

Chimene kokhaku ndi zapamwamba kapena ntchito Frensis Fukuyama. Mwachidule mbiri ya zaka 20 zomalizira za moyo wake limanena kuti pa nthawiyi anakwanitsa kufika mpando pulofesa wa mfundo pagulu Dzhona Hopkinsa School. Iye anali ndi malo antchito kawirikawiri chitukuko ndale za pulogalamu mozama School of International Studies pa yunivesite ya ulamuliro. Kuyambira 2012 anakhala membala wa Institute of Studies Freeman Spolli Mayiko University Stanford, komwe iyenso ndiye katswiri pa Center pa Democracy, Development ndi Chilamulo. Ndipo si mndandanda wonse wa mabungwe amene Fukuyama chifukwa ulamuliro wake mkulu. Komabe, ambiri ulemerero weniweni anabweretsa kwa buku lakuti "The End wa History ndi Man Last", ozikidwa pa pepala kafukufuku wake. Onse ntchito izi zinachititsa kuti mumve yotakata mfundo zikuluzikulu ndi malingaliro a sayansi, amene kwakukulukulu chinathandiza nthawi linanena bungwe ntchito, mu 1992 - nthawi imene Soviet Union linatha posachedwapa.

ntchito zina Francis ali chimodzimodzi ofunika. mwayi Open zambiri kuyankhulana zosangalatsa ndi Fukuyama ndi nkhani pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana zolembedwa ndi asayansi awa.

kafukufuku Basic ndi maganizo

Kwa zaka zambiri, ntchito sayansi anatha kuphunzira limatchula za mavuto ambiri aatali nyengo angapo ndi magawo mu chitukuko cha ndale za dziko. Kumene, pa nthawi iyi maganizo wasayansi pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana zasintha. Ambiri mwa tcheru amapereka kwa nkhani za mgwirizano wa mayiko, kapangidwe boma zipani za masiku ano, komanso zamalonda. Iwo kusiyana ndi Luso wochenjera ndi luso kulosera pophunzira mwatsatanetsatane za determinants ndi prerequisites zodabwitsa ena mu maiko.

Chifukwa limatchula za dziko pafupifupi palibe m'mayiko kuti anabwera Francis Fukuyama. chithunzi pamwamba wapangidwa kwa iwo pa nthawi imene anali mu Sydney, ndi apamwamba a fano zikusonyeza kukhalapo kwa wasayansi chilakolako wina, amene si choncho wotchuka. chitsanzo choyenera kutsanzira wa Fukuyama, chifukwa ochepa amene amalowerera zimenezi bwinobwino kuzindikira kutchire ndiwotani ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo musaiwale za chizolowezi.