Moral udindo - n'kofunika. Koma zimene tikudziwa za ntchito ya makhalidwe?

Mwina aliyense, ngakhale bwino nzeru za, munadzifunsapo funso lakuti: "Kodi makhalidwe zikuyenela ntchito? Kodi ndimachita zinthu pa anthu, kuti ali ndi ufulu kuitana munthu "Pambuyo powerenga nkhaniyi mudzaphunzira chifukwa Motelo makhalidwe - izo ndi mfundo osokoneza, ndi momwe nzeru ena osiyana atanthauzira izo. tanthauzo enieni kulibe kutali.

Moral udindo wa munthu - mfundo rebuttable

Mbali imodzi yovuta kwambiri maganizo koyenela - amatha otsutsa yosanthula zikhulupiriro zawo ndi kupewa mosavuta zolakwika. Tikasenza chikhulupiriro nzeru ya zifukwa kuchita, sitikayikira zinthu zambiri. Ngakhale nthawi zina akusowa osachepera kukaika kapena amene amatitsutsa.

maganizo athu a makhalidwe abwino Pamlingo waukulu pansi pa chikoka cha makolo, abwenzi, akazi, kapena chikhalidwe. Choncho, kudalira molondola kumatheka kwambiri. Makhalidwe a zochita zathu anatsimikiza ndi osakaniza makhalidwe ambiri. Timamva kuti akuyenera kutsatira zikhulupiriro anakhazikitsa ndipo kawirikawiri kudzifunsa kuti: "? Iwo m'choonadi kapena monga chizolowezi"

Kodi Malamulo onena?

Chilamulo - mtundu wa kampasi chikhalidwe. Kumbukirani Code a Hammurabi. Kutalika mbale wa pa mamita awiri zinalembedwa malamulo. Pamwamba pa izi chipilala mwala anafaniziridwa Mfumu Hammurabi, mwaulemu anaima pamaso pa Shamash pansi, mulungu wamkazi wa chilungamo. Shamash kuwauza malamulo kumwamba nthumwi wake padziko lapansi. Komabe, malamulo abwino si kunatulukira kuchokera kosadziwika. Anali chifukwa cha zaka zambiri za chitukuko ndi Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe maganizo abwino. Mofananamo, malamulo Russian Federation kusonyeza zaka zambiri chitukuko cha dziko lathu ndi mowirikiza chikusintha.

Socrates ndi ntchito abwino

Malinga ndi Socrates, ntchito makhalidwe - amatha kukhala nzika zabwino. Koma mawuwa ayenera kumvetsa ndi anatengedwa zakuya. Malinga ndi Socrates mfundo ndi "nzika zabwino" ikufunika kuionanso wa nzeru zaumunthu, ndipo mwamuna ayenera kuyesetsa chimwemwe mwa ukoma. Mu Athens, nzeru zapamwamba wakale anali wotchuka kwambiri.

malingaliro Plato

Malinga Plato (427-347 BC), mdierekezi kumaonekera sangadziwe ukoma ndi maphunziro. The lingaliro lalikulu la maganizo amenewa ndi abwino apamwamba ndi kudzapeza chiyerekezo ku Mtheradi, amene nawonso, sizingatheke mu moyo wathu. Ukoma - luso munthu kulamulira khalidwe wake kuti agwirizane bwino. Izi ntchito antchito abwino. Zinthu mogwirizana ndi malangizo awa, munthu kutseka kwa Mtheradi (Mulungu, kapena, m'chilankhulo cha fioroje).

Aristotle lingaliro. chikhalidwe

Moral ntchito ndi mtima wofuna nkhawa ndi maganizo a Aristotle. Wafilosofi zoyenera nkhani imeneyi ambiri ntchito zawo.

Aristotle (384-322 BC), ngakhale zambiri mwakwiya dziko Western. Wozindikira kwambiri, khalidwe la iye, iye analola ambiri mwa mavuto a chikhalidwe ntchito yawo ndipo essays ndale. Mosiyana Plato, amene anayamba kuzipenya wake ndi malingaliro, Aristotle anasankha kusanthula odziwa ndi chizindikiritso cha zoyambitsazo.

Ananenanso kuti anthu onse amayesetsa kukhala osangalala chinthu chomaliza cha ntchito zake, ndi makhalidwe ena onse okha njira kukwaniritsa cholingacho. Wafilosofi Pamilunguyo eudemonism lingaliro. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chimenechi, musayese zofuna zake zonse, ngakhale iwo amasangalala. Only zolinga amene kubweretsa chitukuko, angathe kuonedwa ngati n'kofunika, choncho udindo - izo akusankha zilakolako bwino. maganizo Aristotle pa mfundo za makhalidwe abwino anapanga zopereka kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha makhalidwe.

Oyendayenda ndi zikhalidwe zosiyana ndi nthaŵi, timakumana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana wopandamalire malingaliro osiyana nthawi zambiri amatsutsana za makhalidwe abwino.

Kant ndi Philosophy

Wina tanthauzo chidwi kwambiri, m'nkhani angapezeke mu Kant ndi deontology wotsatira. Kant imalongosola ukoma ngati maganizo a munthu wokhalapo, umalimbana kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchito. Malinga ndi woganiza ichi, chikhalidwe cha makhalidwe chenicheni mu pochita ntchito, ngakhale atakhala kuti alibe chimwene kwa munthu, osati chifukwa choopa chilango chifukwa zawo zosakhala ntchito. Munthu makhalidwe mkulu amakwaniritsa udindo makhalidwe amaganizira za zotsatira, ndi ubwino. Malinga Kant amene amachita pofuna kukwaniritsa ena katundu wawo, sakhoza ankamuona ngati wauzimu kwambiri, komanso ndi munthu amene amachita zabwino mwa chizolowezi, mosaganizira. Only munthu amene akukhala monga mwa mfundo za makhalidwe abwino, chifukwa ndimakhulupirira ndi ntchito yawo, angatchedwe munthu abwino. nzeru Kant ndi - ndi dongosolo la makhalidwe abwino amene anamangidwa ku Mtheradi. Woganiza zina zochita zosavomerezeka, mosasamala kanthu za mkhalidwe wa.

Monga mukuonera, maganizo ndi kutanthauzira, pali zambiri. Kwa ena, udindo - ndiyo kutsatira malamulo ndi miyambo ya anthu a m'dziko limene anabadwa. Ndi zina zambiri kachitidwe mtengo sadziwa bwinobwino kugwirizana. Kuti tipeze yankho la funso lakuti: "Kodi mukutanthauza kuti ine ntchito makhalidwe abwino," tiyenera kukumbukira mmene cholowa chauzimu cha makolo, ndi kufunika ndikuganiza otsutsa. Lingaliro lomwe ife tinayima mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani, ndi m'zigawozigawo nthawi zambiri amatsutsana ngati aliyense.