F. M. Dostoevsky, "Wachinyamata": mwachidule mwachidule

About Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky, munthu akhoza kunena kuti iye ndi "maganizo, ulemu ndi Soviet" a nthawi yake, woganiza kwambiri za akatswiri achi Russia. Mavuto a gulu limene amasonyeza ndi othandizira kwa ife lero. Inde, iye ndi munthu yemweyo yemwe ali ndi makhalidwe oipa ndi zolakalaka ndipo ali mofanana monga ankhondo ake, omwe amawafotokozera mwachikondi ndi kumvetsa kwakukulu, koma kumenyana nthawi zonse, ndipo koposa zonse, ndi iyemwini.

Kodi iyi ndi buku la "Achinyamata"? Zophatikiza za ntchitoyi sizingapereke chithunzi chonse, koma zidzawunikira mbali zambiri za miyoyo ya anthu zomwe, monga zambiri, zaka zambiri zapitazo, zili okonzeka kupereka chirichonse chifukwa cha ndalama: ulemu, dzina ndi udindo.

Malingaliro abwino ndi zowona

Buku loti "Achinyamata" silinali losavuta pa chiwembu, mwachidule zomwe zimasonyeza kuti, popanda kumvetsa mavuto ake amkati, nthawi zambiri munthu amanyansidwa kapena amadzipha. Kuchokera kuulemerero kupita kuutanthauzo, nthawi zonse amakhala ndi sitepe imodzi. Mphindi, amatha kupereka kapena kukhululuka, kuwada kapena kuwalimbikitsa, ndipo nthawi zina samamvetsetsa kumene kuli zoona, ndipo pali mabodza.

Nthaŵi zambiri otsutsa amatsutsa Dostoevsky kuti ali otheka kufotokozera momwe moyo wa anthu ake alili komanso nthawi zovuta zomwe anthu ake amakhala nawo. Kuchokera ku zilakolako zoipa, wolemba poyera analandira malingaliro kuti iye mwiniyo akhoza kukhala wothandizira pa zina osati zochitika zaumwini, ndipo, mwina, ngakhale zochitika zachiwawa.

Munthu wovuta kwambiri anali F. M. Dostoyevsky. "Wachinyamata" (chidule cha ntchitoyi chidzalingaliridwa patapita nthawi) chikuwonetsa momveka bwino mawu awa.

Arkady

Mu ntchitoyi, yomwe idzakambidwe kenakake, mkhalidwe wapamwamba ndi munthu wachabechabe, wopanda pake, wowopsa, wanzeru komanso wopusa. Zolemba za Dostoevsky zomwe zili m'buku la bukuli sizodzaza ndichabe ndi nzeru zakuya za malingaliro ochititsa chidwi ochokera kwa anthu osiyanasiyana. Munthu aliyense amakhala moyo wake - ndale, chipembedzo, chikondi, chuma, ndi zina. Chilichonse chimadalira pa chikhalidwe chake, chikhalidwe chake ndi chitukuko chauzimu. Mwini wamkulu, nayenso, amatsatira lingaliro limodzi - pa mtengo uliwonse wolemera. Koma zambiri pa izi kenako.

Dostoevsky, "Wachinyamata": mwachidule

Chinthu choyamba chomwe mumayang'anitsitsa ntchito ndizovuta zakale za "abambo ndi ana" chifukwa amuna awiri ali patsogolo - mnyamata wazaka makumi awiri, Arkady Makarovich Dolgoruky, yemwe anali ndi dzina la bambo ake, Makar Ivanov Dolgoruky - banja la Versilovs , Ndipo bambo wa Arkady - wolemekezeka Andrei Petrovich Versilov. Mayi wa mnyamatayo Sofia Andreevna ndi wantchito, kenaka adagulitsidwa kuchokera kwa Dolgoruky Versilovs, yemwe anakhala naye ndipo anabala ana ena awiri - Lisa ndi mnyamata wina, yemwe adamwalira mofulumira kudwala kwake. Anakhala wokalamba kwambiri kuchokera ku zochitika izi, chisoni chinkawoneka pa nkhope yake nthawi zonse.

Arkady Makarovich anali "bastrijk" - kwambiri bonny ndi kuyang'ana bwino moyo wa mwana. Nkhani yachidule yonena za iye, atatha kumaliza maphunziro a ku Gymnasium ku Moscow, sanafune kuphunzira zambiri. Asanayambe sukulu adaphunzira m'nyumba ya ku France Tushara ndipo kumeneko adanyozedwa kwambiri ndi kunyozedwa ndi anzako chifukwa cha chigololo chake, ndipo chifukwa cha dzina lake Dolgoruky. Pakati pa anthu, pamene anadziwitsidwa, nthawi zonse ankafunsidwa kuti: "Prince?". Zinangokhala zokwiyitsa iye. Chifukwa cha ichi, mnyamatayu anakula kwambiri. Tsopano maloto ake anali oti akhale olemera, monga Rothschild. Izi zikanamupatsa iye mphamvu pa anthu ena komanso moyo waulere. Monga momwe kale, ichi ndi chimene Dostoevsky akuyang'anapo. "Achinyamata", mwachidule ndi kusanthula zomwe zidzatengedwa ngati zochitika zikuchitika, chifukwa ntchitoyo ndi yovuta kumvetsa. Komabe ...

Makhalidwe

Arkady atangofika pakhomo pakhomo la mwana walamulo wa Versilov, koma kuti adzalandira ndalama kuchokera kwa atate ake. Mbale wake sanamulandire, koma anamupatsa ndalama kudzera mwa wantchito. Arkady anakwiya. Kunyada kwake pazochitika zoterezi kumapweteka mosavuta, komabe, wokoma mtima ndi wokondwerera mwachilengedwe, iye mwamsanga anadzichepetsa ndipo nthawi yomweyo anasintha ku chikondi ndi kuyanjidwa, pamene anachitidwa mwaulemu ndi mwabwino.

Ndi mchimwene wake, iye adzakhazikitsa ubale. Nthawi zonse anali ndi mavuto ena polankhula ndi anthu, nthawi zambiri ankaganiza kuti ankamuseka komanso kusewera. Ndipo iye, monga mnyamata aliyense, anali wonyada ndi wonyada ndipo ankafunira ulemu woyenera.

St. Petersburg

Ndipo, potsiriza, adadza kunyumba kwa makolo ake ku Petersburg. Bambo anga anamuitana chifukwa anamupeza ntchito. Versilov mkuluyo analalikira malingaliro osiyanasiyana a "nzika zadziko", chikhalidwe cha Russia ndi "kugwirizanitsa konse kwa malingaliro." Kwa Arkady Makarovich, ndiye yekhayo amene anali ndi mphamvu komanso zolimbikitsa kwambiri zomwe anali okonzeka kuwombera.

Komabe, ngakhale zonsezi, akupita ku St. Petersburg ndi kukayikira kwina, chifukwa cha zabodza zabodza zokhudza abambo ake, ndipo akufuna kudziwa ngati izi ndi zoona.

Kalata yakupha

Komabe, pangopita kanthawi pang'ono adzatiululira zinsinsi zonse za buku la "The Adolescent" Dostoevsky. Chidulechi chimanena kuti Arkady anakonza mwamsanga mlembi kwa bwenzi la abambo ake - Prince Nikolai Ivanovich Sokolsky. Atatumikira pang'ono kuchokera kwa iye, amachoka, chifukwa mwana wake wamkazi Katerina Nikolaevna Akhmakova anamunena kuti ndi wampatuko - sakanatha kuchita manyazi.

Posakhalitsa, anali ndi zikalata ziwiri m'manja mwake, zomwe zinali zolembedwa kuti wamkulu wa Versilov adagonjetsa mayesero ndi Sokolsky, koma amatha kuwongolera pa mphindi iliyonse ndipo chiganizocho chikhoza kutsutsana.

Kraf, amene anadziwombera yekha, analemba kalata yachiwiri. Papepalayi inali kalata yomwe inanenedwa kuti mwana wamkazi wa Prince Sokolsky ankaganiza kuti abambo ake anali ofooka, omwe anali atatha kale kupanga zosankha zawo payekha chifukwa cha ukalamba, choncho anafunikira kuonetsetsa. Kalata yotereyi, ngati inagwera m'manja mwa kalonga wakale, ikanapangitsa kuti anthu azinyoza kwambiri ndipo akhoza kuyimitsa bamboyo motsutsana ndi mwana wake wamkazi.

"Wachinyamata": mwachidule mu zigawo zina

Pa nthawi yomweyi, Junior Versilov amapeza zonse zokhudza bambo ake ndipo pamapeto pake amazindikira kuti kholo lake lachikondi sali kwenikweni zomwe akuzinena. Mafuta mumoto anatsanulira miseche pafupi ndi misala, adadzipha. Kenaka panali mwana yemwe adanenedwa kubadwa ndi munthu wina. Kenaka panali mgwirizano wapadera ndi Katerina Ivanovna Akhmakova. Ndi lingaliro lakuti abambo ake anali munthu wonyansa, wolaula ndi wachibwana, Arkady Makarovich ankafuna kuti amusiye iye. Koma nthawi zina zabodza zinawululidwa, ndipo bambo ndi mwanayo adasonyezana chisangalalo kwa wina ndi mnzake. Komanso - iwo adayanjanirana.

Tsiku lina Katerina Nikolayevna anaitana Arcady kuti akakumane ndi Tatyana Pavlovna Prutkova. Amakumana naye yekha ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatsutsa msonkhano uno. Zikuwoneka kuti iye anapatsidwa tsiku lachikondi. Iye amaganiza kuti mayi uyu ndi wonyenga chifukwa cha kalata yotsutsa, koma anamusokoneza ndi mtima wake wosavuta komanso wachikondi. Dolgoruky anadzidziwitsidwa kwathunthu ndi iye, koma iye anamukankhira iye, ngakhale kuti iye sanayesere kuzimitsa chilakolako chomwe chinali chitayamba mwa iye.

Mtima wowala

Panthawiyi, mwachidule buku la Dostoevsky Mnyamatayo amayamba kusokoneza chiwembucho ndi zithunzithunzi ndi zinsinsi.

Kwa kanthawi ndithu, pokhala ku St. Petersburg, Arkady adayesa kusewera roulette ndipo anayamba kutaya zambiri, pomwe adakongola ndalama kwa mwana wamwamuna wachikulire dzina lake Sokolsky Sergei, yemwe anali wokhudzidwa ndi moyo. Ngakhale mu utumiki iye ankachita nawo zipsyinjo, zomwe anzake ankanyozedwa. Kenako anakumana ndi Liza, mlongo wake wa Arkady, koma mwachinsinsi ndipo anakonda kwambiri Akhmakov, yemwe ankafuna kukwatira.

Arkady adaphunzira za chirichonse ndipo nthawi yomweyo adaganiza kuthetsa ngongole zonse, kumupatsa zonse zomwe anali nazo. Koma osauka Lisa, posakhalitsa anatenga pakati. Mchitidwe wamanjenje wa kalonga sungakhoze kupirira, matendawa anamugonjetsa iye, chifukwa cha ntchito zake zakale iye anaikidwa mu ndende, kumene iye anafera. Lisa anatenga padera pakhomo pa miyezi inai, iye adagona mu matenda kwa theka la chaka, koma kenako anachira.

Kenako Arkady amadziwa kuti Anna Andreevna, yemwe anali mlongo wake wamkazi, adakwatirana ndi kalonga wachikulire Sokolsky (pakadali pano akufunafuna phindu, choncho akufunadi kulandira kalata yotsutsa mwana wamkazi wa kalonga). Pambuyo pake, ndiye kuti "adzasintha manja anu" pa cholowa, ndikusiya mwana wamkazi wa mwana wanu wamkazi kukhala wopanda cholowa.

Makar Ivanov Dolgoruky

Dostoevsky "Wachinyamata" (mwachidule cha machaputala) akuwotcha anthu atsopano ndi atsopano - zipsyinjo ndi anthu osokoneza bongo. Pafupifupi aliyense amalumikizana ndi kufufuza kalata yochokera kwa Ekaterina Akhmakova, kupatula imodzi - Makar Ivanov Dolgoruky, wantchito amene analembedwa ngati Bambo Arkady. Nthawi ina amapezeka m'nyumba ya Versilov. Iye anali munthu wokondweretsa kwambiri, ndipo adayamikiridwa monga wolemba wanzeru ndi wokondweretsa wa zokambirana zophunzitsira ndi munthu woopa Mulungu amene anasonkhanitsa mphatso zopangira kachisi. Iye anadza kwa iwo akudwala kwambiri ndipo atatopa ndipo posakhalitsa anamwalira. Mu kanthawi kochepa, pamene anali kunyumba kwawo, Arkady adakhala wolimba kwambiri kwa iye. Anamuwona kuti ndi wabwino komanso woyeretsa kuposa aliyense amene amamuzungulira. Anali munthu wophweka amene adakhetsa mu moyo wake kuunika kwa uzimu ndi chikondi.

Kupulumuka Kwambiri

Pa nthawi yomweyi, abambo a Versilov amadziwa kuti mwamuna wolemekezeka wa mkazi wake wodzichepetsa Sophia, yemwe adakhala naye kwa zaka zambiri, wamwalira, ndipo tsopano ali mfulu. Komabe, akuthamangira kwa mkazi wake wamasiye wokondedwa Katerina Akhmakova ndikupempha manja ake. Iye amakwiya kwenikweni ndi chikondi kwa iye, koma amakanidwa.

Arkady, akumva zinthu zopanda tsankho kuchokera kwa mnzako mnzake Lambert za Katerina Akhmakova, akufuna kubwezera bambo ake, pomaliza, amupatse kalata, koma kuti akhale mkazi wake (Lambert anamukumbutsa). Kuwonjezera pamenepo, iye amafuna kuti awonetse chithunzi ichi ndi abambo ake, kotero kuti masomphenya ake a chifaniziro chake cha mkazi mphindi imodzi adagwa, chifukwa pangozi ndi ndalama zambiri za cholowa chake.

Dostoevsky anamanga chidwi chonse pa izi. "Wachinyamata", zomwe zidule zake zidzapitilizidwa, ndi buku lokhala ndi zotsatira zosadziŵika. Komabe, tidzakonzekera kuti tipeze chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.

Kuba

Atafika Arkady adabweranso Lambert kuti akambirane za ndondomeko yake, koma atatha kumwa, amubera kalata pansi pa chikhoto, ndipo akuthamangira kwa mkulu Versilov.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, wamng'onoyo, atakhala wochepetsetsa kuchokera ku mkaka, amapita kwa Tatyana Pavlovna ndikumuuza kuti akufuna kupereka kalatayo kwa Katerina Ivanovna ndikukhazikitsa nkhaniyi. Komabe, zonse zinagwa pamene adapeza kuti kale analibe makalata. Lambert ndi Versilov amadziwa kuti Akhmakova achoka pamsonkhano, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amasewera. Pamene Arkady ndi Tatyana Pavlovna achoka panyumbamo, Lambert amayesa kuopseza Katerina Ivanovna, koma iye akutsutsa kutsatira malamulo ake. Pakalipano Versilov amawonekera chithunzi china chonse mu chipinda china. Iye sakusowa ndalama, amangofuna kuona momwe mkaziyo amachitira zinthu zomwe zimakhala zovuta komanso zoopsa komanso zomwe Catherine angakwanitse kupeza ndalama. Komabe, mzimayiyo akulavulira pamaso pa Lambert, yemwe akugwira chivomezi ndikuyesa kumuwombera. Apa mtima wa Andrei Petrovich sungathe kupirira, ndipo anathamangira ku Lambert. Phokoso linawoneka ... Lambert wagona pansi ngati munthu wakufa.

Kutambasula

Kodi kutaya chiwembu FM Dostoyevsky dashingly! "Wachinyamata", yemwe ali ndi zidule zofikira pafupi, akuyenera kumaliza.

Ndiye Arkady akuthamangira ndikuwona kuti abambo ake akusandutsa wopandukira ndipo akufuna kuwombera Akhmakov, yemwe adagwa pansi, ndipo kenako. Koma Arkady adatha kuchenjeza zonsezi, adapezeka pakhomo ndi Tatyana Pavlovna patapita nthawi, koma bambo ake anatha kuwombera. Lambert ali moyo, amadzuka ndi kuthawa.

Monga wapolisi wodabwitsa amatha kumaliza nyimbo yake FM Dostoevsky. "Mnyamatayo", yemwe ali ndi zidule zochepa zomwe zimapangitsa owerenga kukhala osakayikira mpaka mapeto ake, akuti pambuyo pa zochitika zonse zoopsya kalatayo inabwezedwa kwa Akhmakova, ukwati wake ndi Bjoring anakhumudwa chifukwa adamva za misonkhano yake yachinsinsi ndi Arkady. Mkulu Versilov anabwerera kwa abambo ake, ndipo nkhaniyi yokhala ndi mapewa ngati mapepala, inasanduka mabodza onyenga omwe anangokhala opanda pake. Banja lonse lachiritsidwa mwachidwi ndi mosangalala. Akhmakova anayamba kukhala ku Paris ndipo nthawi zina ankafanana ndi Arkasha.

Mu buku la "Achinyamata", chidule cha mituyi ikutsatira mwatsatanetsatane khalidwe ndi khalidwe la protagonist, yemwe panthawi ino wakula ndikulowa ku yunivesite. Zonse zomwe zinachitika, adadzionetsera yekha zabwino ndi phunziro lothandizira pakukhazikitsanso umunthu wake.