Elekitironi mlandu

Magetsi magetsi, magetsi panopa mlandu wa elekitironi wa - mawu aliyense amadziwa.

Nanga magetsi, mmene opangidwa ndi opatsirana? Kupereka mayankho a mafunso amenewa si kophweka. Kuchita izi, inu muyenera kuti ayanjane osiyanasiyana ndithu zochitika otchedwa magetsi. Ife kaye chiyambi cha mawu akuti "magetsi".

Wina BC Ancient Greece, asayansi anatulukira kuti pambuyo akusisita zinthu kuchokera Amber kwa iwo kukopa matupi kuwala. Amber mu Greek - "elekitironi"; ndi ku Mawu awa akubwera dzina "magetsi".

Mu theka lachiwiri la XVI m'ma wasayansi British Gilbert anapeza kuti si kuti chuma cha Amber kukopa matupi kuwala. katundu amenewa yotengedwa ndi mikangano komanso zinthu zambiri, Mwachitsanzo, utomoni, galasi. chodabwitsa amadziwika electrifying. Mankhwala kupeza chuma frictional anadziwika inasangalatsa.

matupi Electrifying, asayansi anafotokoza Kubwera kwa magetsi pa thupi mlandu magetsi.

Kuti thupi inasangalatsa, izo kwenikweni opaka; akhoza Mwachitsanzo, kukhudza iyo mwa iliyonse chinthu kale inasangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, zochitika zimasonyeza kuti matupi inasangalatsa amawateteza kapena kukopa mzake. Pa mfundo imeneyi, timadziwa kuti pali mtundu wina wa woyang'anira magetsi. Izi ndi zosiyana milandu wina ndi mzake.

Ena a milandu izi anatchedwa salembedwa zabwino, ndi zina - negative. Kuyangana thupi momwe zimavuta inasangalatsa, anasonyeza kuti ngati mlandu adzakhala amawateteza mosiyana - anakopeka.

The funso la mawu ndi mlandu magetsi, chidwi asayansi kwa nthawi yaitali. Choyamba ife ankaganiza kuti zochitika magetsi chifukwa cha madzi magetsi opanda thupi. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti aliyense thupi madzi ziwiri magetsi: zabwino ndi zoipa, ndi umodzi amapanga zabwino electrifying thupi ndi pa zina - negative. Ngati iwo alipo ndalama ofanana, zotsatira za madzi ziwiri kuononga mzake. Pankhaniyi, thupi lonse yotsitsa. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti kuli mmodzi yekha magetsi madzimadzi, amene ali muyezo winawake mu bungwe uncharged. Zotsala mu thupi ndipamene electrification zabwino, ndi kupanda - negative. Koma m'kupita kwa kusanthula mfundo yatsopano experimental anakakamizika kusiya amanena za madzimadzi magetsi.

Choncho, anatulukira kuti magetsi ali dongosolo atomiki, i.e. izo zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu, omwe ndi otchedwa pulayimale mlandu magetsi. Zimenezi zinachititsa kunena, pa dzanja limodzi, kuphunzira m'kupita magetsi kudzera njira ya mchere ndi zidulo, ndiyeno mipweya kuphunzira magetsi. Pomaliza, zochitika zasonyeza kuti pulayimale mlandu magetsi kusamutsa particles zing'onozing'ono kanthu.

Zatsopano ikuchitika kumapeto XIX m'ma English sayansi Thomson, kunapangitsa kutsegula munthu tinthu zakuthupi ndi laling'ono mlandu magetsi, ndipo kenako anatembenuka kuyeza ukulu wake.

Choncho, tinthu zing'onozing'ono chinthu amene ali ndi maziko mlandu zoipa, wotchedwa elekitironi.

Mlandu magetsi a elekitironi wa - imodzi yofunika kwambiri ya katundu ndi limodzi.

misa ya mamita = 9,1˖10⁻²⁸

The elekitironi mlandu mauthenga = - 4,8˖10⁻¹⁰ mayunitsi.

Elekitironi - mmodzi wa particles, amene gawo lililonse mankhwala. Zinthu zimakhala ndi ma atomu, monga phata ndithu mlandu ma elekitironi, amene muziyendayenda izo. Mlandu zoipa elekitironi ndi zofanana mwamtheradi mu chinthu chilichonse Koma za chiwerengero chawo ndi kufalitsa mtima osiyana. Pamene atomu ndi mu mkhalidwe ndale, zabwino kuyang'anira phata la ndiyofanana ndi Uwerenge milandu zoipa ma elekitironi ndi zokhudza izo.

Nthawi zambiri atomu kuti wotaya ma elekitironi; mu nkhani yoteroyo mlandu zabwino phata amakhala lalikulu kuposa kuchuluka mlandu otsala elekitironi, ndiye atomu lonselo ndithu mlandu. Pamene thupi zoipa mlandu, ndiye kuti pali ma elekitironi owonjezera.

Chisonyezo cha ma elekitironi ndiyo kusokonekera milandu magetsi mu zinthu, zabwino ndi zoipa matupi electrification ndi zochitika zina.